Level 6 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the training pyramid (top to bottom)?
- Collection
- Straightness
- Impulsion
- Connection
- Relaxation
- Rhythm
Define a healthy horses vitals:
- Temp: 36.6-37.8
- Pulse: 36-42 BPM
- Respiration: 12-24 breaths per min
How to test for dehydration:
Pinch the skin over the point of shoulder. If it snaps back quickly the horse is hydrated, if it tents and it doesn’t go back for 3-5 sec, the horse is dehydrated.
What are the behaviour signs of an ill horse?
- Change in appetite
- Unusual eating habits
- Restlessness (pawing, rolling)
- Tiring easily
- Unusual resting postures
- Tail wringing
- Unusual movements (lameness)
What are the appearance signs of an ill horse?
- Dull coats
- Dull/sunken eyes
- Excessive sweating
- Excessive salvation
- Unusual discharge (eyes, nose)
What are the vital signs of an ill horse?
- Temp above 39 (fever)
- Frequent cough
- Difficulty breathing
- Change in feces
- Change in skin tone
- Capillary refill time to slow
Types of bits (not snaffle):
1) Pelham
2) Kimberwick
3) Curb
How to test a saddle fitting:
1) place saddle on horse without saddle pad
2) Make sure there is visible daylight from the gullet to the back. There should be no pinching of the withers and gullet should be wide enough to not press on horses spine.
3) Saddle should be balanced. Deepest part should be towards the front otherwise it puts pressure on their back and give the rider a “chair seat”.
4) Attach girth to saddle
5) mount and check step 2) again.
6) There should be no weight on the loins and riders weight should be evenly distributed on the lumbar muscles
7) There should be a hands width between riders seat and the cantle of saddle.
8) No pressure on the horses shoulders
9) A crupper should be fitted if the horse has low withers and saddle slips forward.
10) If the above tests have been completed than a saddle pad can be added.
Front leg conformation faults:
1) Buck knee (over at the knee)
2) Calf knee (back at the knee)
3) Tied in the knee
Types of shoes:
1) Egg Bar
2) Heart Bar
3) Bar Shoe
4) Rocker Shoe
5) Extended Heels
6) Rolled Heels
Types of jumps:
1) vertical
2) Oxer (square, ascending)
3) Fan
4) Swedish Oxer
5) Triple Bar
6) Wall
7) Water Jump
8) Bank
Steps to treating wounds
1) Evaluate
2) Control/stop the bleeding
3) Clean the wound
4) Treat
5) Cover
6) Update tetanus Vaccine
5 types of wounds
1) Abrasions
2) Incisions of clean cuts
3) Lacerations or tears
4) Contusions or bruises
5) Punctures
How many teeth do horses have? (Male vs Female)
Male: 40
Mare: 36
Do horses have canines?
Most male horses have 4 canines, sometimes mares have them.
Do horses have wolf teeth?
Male and female horses can both have wolf teeth. They are more common in the upper jaw bu horses can have up to 4. They are tipically removed as they can interfere with bit contact.
Reasons a horse may be thin:
- Teeth problems (unable to eat properly)
- Sick
- Stress
- Parasitism
- Not enough food
Supplying exercises for horses:
- Circles
- Figure 8’s
- Serpentine
- Counter canter
Length of stride:
- 1 stride (12ft)
- Trot poles (4-5ft)
- Take off (6ft)
Reasons to lung horse:
- Start training a young horse
- Detect lameness
- Retrain a problem horse or manage their freshness
- Help horse use back without burden of rider
- Improve top line and muscle structure
- Improve condition and muscle tone
- Exercise a horse who cannot be ridden
- Introduce work “in hand”
- Improve obedience and communication
- Improve balance
- Improve gaits
