Levels of Care

Question 1

3 types of clients

Answer 1

• individual
• family
• community

Question 2

4 areas of nursing practice

Answer 2

• health promotion
• disease prevention
• health maintenance
• curative / rehabilitative

Question 3

Health Promotion

Answer 3

• enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO)
• helping people change their lifestyle
• nurse must identify client’s strength to help them reach maximum functioning and quality of life

Question 4

Determinants of Health - Higher income and social status are linked to better health

Answer 4

Income and social status

Question 5

Determinants of Health - Low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence

Answer 5

Education

Question 6

Determinants of Health - Safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health

Answer 6

Physical environemnt

Question 7

Determinants of Health - people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions

Answer 7

Employment and working conditions

Question 8

Determinants of Health - greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health

Answer 8

Social support networks

Question 9

Determinants of health - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health

Answer 9

Culture

Question 10

Determinants of health - access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health

Answer 10

Health services

Question 11

Determinants of Health - men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages

Answer 11

Gender

Question 12

Health promotion programs - uses a variety of media to offer information to the public

Answer 12

Information dissemination

Question 13

Health promotion programs - health risk appraisal and wellness assessment

Answer 13

appraise individuals of their risk factors that are inherent in their lives in order to motivate them to reduce risk and develop healthy habits

Question 14

Health promotion programs - lifestyle and behavior change program

Answer 14

• basis for changing health behavior

- geared towards extending the lifespan

Question 15

Health promotion programs - worksite wellness programs

Answer 15

includes programs that serve the needs of persons in their workplace

Question 16

Health promotion programs - environmental control programs

Answer 16

developed to address the growing problem of environment pollution = air, land, water, etc.

Question 17

Nurses role in health promotion

Answer 17

• MODEL healthy lifestyle
• FACILITATE client involvement
• TEACH CLIENTS SELF-CARE STRATEGIES
• EDUCATE CLIENTS
• ASSIST CLIENTS
• BE AN ADVOCATE

Question 18

Health maintenance

Answer 18

active process of achieving health and remaining healthy

Question 19

Health Maintenance Elements - Nutrition

Answer 19

• studies food and dietary supplements that improve health, and cure or prevent disease
• food or food components that cause disease or deteriorate health

Question 20

Health maintenance elements - exercise

Answer 20

• performance of movements in order to develop or maintain physical fitness
• frequent and regular physical exercise prevents some diseases

Question 21

Health maintenance elements - hygiene

Answer 21

practice of keeping the body clean to prevent infection and illness, and avoidance of contact with infectious agents

Question 22

Health maintenance elements - stress management

Answer 22

• relaxation techniques are physical methods used to relieve stress
• physiological methods (psychotherapy, meditation, positive thinking) reduce response to stress

Question 23

Health maintenance elements

Answer 23

Nutrition, exercise, hygiene, stress management, health care, workplace wellness programs

Question 24

Health maintenance elements - health care

Answer 24

prevention, treatment, and management of illness through the services offered by the medical, nursing and allied health professionals

Question 25

Determinants of health

Answer 25

- income and social status - education - physical environment - employment and workplace conditions - social support networks - culture - genetics - personal behavior and coping skills - health services - gender

Question 26

Disease prevention

Answer 26

- actions aimed at minimizing or eliminating the impact of disease or disability - Hippocrates - "Prevention is better than cure"

Question 27

Nursing activities that prevent illness

Answer 27

- immunizations - pre-natal and infant care - prevention of STD's

Question 28

3 levels of prevention

Answer 28

- primary prevention - secondary prevention - tertiary prevention

Question 29

Primary prevention

Answer 29

- action taken prior to the onset of disease - health promotion - quit smoking - avoid/limit alcohol intake - exercise regularly - eat well-balanced diet - take adequate fluids

Question 30

Secondary prevention

Answer 30

- halts the progress of a disease - health maintenance - early detection and prompt treatment - physical examination - pap smear test and monthly breast self exam

Question 31

Tertiary prevention

Answer 31

- after a disease or disability has occurred - client learns to live productively with limitations - self-monitoring of blood glucose among diabetics - therapy

Question 32

Curative / Rehabilitative Care

Answer 32

focuses on the ill client and extends from early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period

Question 33

Nursing activities in curative care

Answer 33

- administering medications