Levels of Organisation Flashcards
What do single celled organisms do?
They carry all life functions within a single cell.
What do you multicellular organisms have which are not found in single cell organisms?
They have specialise cells which forms tissues and organs which have various structures and roles.
What is a tissue?
It is a group of cells which were together with a common function structure and origin in the embryo.
What are the three main types of mammalian tissue?
Epithelial, muscular and connective tissue.
What is the structure of epithelial tissues?
Epithelia have no blood vessels but may have nerve endings. The cells rest on the basement membrane which is made of collagen and protein which can vary in shape and complexity.
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
They form a continuous layer, covering or lining of the internal and external surfaces of the body. They often have a protective or secretory function.
What are the four types of epithelial tissue?
Cuboidal, columnar, squamous and glandular
What is the structure of cuboidal epithelium?
Box shaped with one cell thick tissue.
What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?
Secretion and reabsorption.
Where is cuboidal epithelium located?
Kidney tubules, ducts of the salivary glands.
What is the structure of columnar epithelium?
It is column shaped with some cells having cilia and some with microvilli.
What is the function of columnar epithelial?
Cilia wafts any dust, dirt or mucus out of the air passages. Microvilli increases the surface area for absorption.
Where is columnar epithelium cells located?
Ciliated in the trachea, the microvilli is found within the small intestine.
What is the structure of squamous epithelium?
Flattened cells on the basement membrane so the cells are thin and smooth.
What is the function of squamous epithelium?
The thin layer of cells helps with exchange. It lines of tissue, it covers the surface of organs, cavities and tubes. The smooth lining reduces friction.
Where is squamous epithelium located?
In the alveoli and blood vessels.
What is the structure of glandular epithelium?
A type of epithelium where secretory epithelial cells secrete substances and organise themselves in gland shapes.
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
It’s secrete enzymes and hormones, saliva and mucus
Where is the location of glandular epithelium?
In the saliva glands, pancreas, gastric band in the stomach mucosa.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
What is the structure of skeletal muscle?
The muscle cells are joined to form fibres which give powerful contraction but these muscles tie easily. The striations are caused by overlapping protein molecules in the cells.
Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle what does that mean?
It means you can choose whether or not to contract these muscles.
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
It generates a locomotion in mammals. Where it allows us to move our bones and maintain posture and body position. In addition it supports soft tissue.
Where is the location of skeletal muscle?
It is attached to bones by the tendons.
