Lewis Ch-36: Coronary Artery Disease & Acute Coronary Syndrome Flashcards
(37 cards)
The nurse is developing a health teaching plan for a 60 year old man with the following risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse focus on when teaching the client?
a. Family hx of coronary artery disease
b. increased risk associated with the clients gender
c. High incidence of cardiovascular disease in older people
d. Elevation of the clients serum low density lipoprotein
d. Elevation of the clients serum low density lipoprotein
To assist the client with coronary artery disease in making appropriate dietary changes, which of the following nursing interventions will be most effective?
a. Instruct the client that a diet containing no saturated fat and minimal sodium will be necessary
b. Emphasize the increased risk for cardiac problems unless the client makes the dietrary changes
c. Assist the client to modify favourite high fat recipes by using polyunsaturated oils when possible
d. Provide the client with a list of low-sodium, low cholesterol foods that should be included in the diet.
c. Assist the client to modify favourite high fat recipes by using polyunsaturated oils when possible
Why is this the most effective nursing intervention?
Because it’s client-centered, realistic, and sustainable. Here’s the breakdown:
• Behaviour change is more successful when it’s tailored to the client’s preferences, habits, and lifestyle.
• Instead of completely eliminating foods they enjoy (which often leads to noncompliance), this approach encourages healthier substitutions—like swapping butter for olive oil or using avocado instead of mayonnaise.
• Polyunsaturated fats (like omega-3s in flaxseed or fatty fish) can actually help lower LDL cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular risk
Which of the following information collected by the nurse who is admitting a client with chest pain suggests that the pain is caused by an acute myocardial infarction?
a. The pain increases with deep breathing
b. The pain has persisted longer than 30 minutes
c. The pain worsens when the client raises the arms
d. The pain is relieved after the client takes nitroglycerin.
b. The pain has persisted longer than 30 minutes
chest pain lasting more than 20–30 minutes and not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin is one of the big red flags for an acute myocardial infarction (MI
Which of the following information given by a client admitted with chronic stable angina will help the nurse confirm this diagnosis?
a. The client rates the pain at a level 3-5 (0-10 scale).
b. The client states that the pain “wakes me up at night”
c. The client says that the frequency of the pain has increased over the last few weeks
d. The client states that the pain is resolved after taking on sublingual nitroglycerin tablet.
d. The client states that the pain is resolved after taking on sublingual nitroglycerin tablet.
The nurse is providing teaching to a client about use of sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following client statements indicates that the teaching has been effective?
a. “I can expect indigestion as an adverse effect of nitroglycerin”
b. “I can only take the nitroglycerin if I start to have chest pain”
c. “ I will call an ambulance if I still have pain 5 minutes after taking the nitroglycerin”
d. “I will help slow down the progress of the plaque formation by taking nitroglycerin”
c. “ I will call an ambulance if I still have pain 5 minutes after taking the nitroglycerin”
Here’s why that’s the winning statement:
Nitroglycerin is meant to relieve chest pain FAST. We’re talking within 1 to 5 minutes. So if you’re still feeling like an elephant is dancing on your sternum after 5 minutes?
Don’t wait around to see how the trilogy ends. Call 911.
And yes, the patient can:
• Take one dose every 5 minutes, up to 3 doses total
• But emergency services should already be on their way after the first one if there’s no relief
(We’re not trying to reenact an entire cardiac event solo.)
Which of the following statements made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about nutritional therapy for coronary artery disease indicates that further teaching is needed?
a. “I will switch from whole milk to 1% or nonfat milk”
b. “I like fresh salmon and I will plan to eat it more often”
c. “I will miss being able to eat peanut butter sandwiches”
d. “I can have a cup of coffee with breakfast if I want one”
c. “I will miss being able to eat peanut butter sandwiches”
This suggests the patient thinks they need to eliminate peanut butter entirely, which is not true. People with coronary artery disease should limit saturated fats and trans fats, but natural peanut butter in moderation is actually fine—it contains healthy monounsaturated fats that can be part of a heart-healthy diet.
The nurse is providing teaching to a client about the use of atenolol in preventing anginal episodes. Which of the following client statements indicate that the teaching has been effective?
a. “It is important not to suddenly stop taking the atenolol”
b. “Atenolol will increase the strength of my heart muscle”
c. “I can expect to feel short of breath when taking atenolol
d. Atenolol will improve the blood flow to my coronary arteries
a. “It is important not to suddenly stop taking the atenolol”
The nurse is caring for a client who has had severe chest pain for several hours and a diagnosis of possible acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following prescribed laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to help determine the diagnosis?
a. Homocysteine
b. C-reactive protein
c. Cardiac-specific troponin I and troponin T
d. High density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
c. Cardiac-specific troponin I and troponin T
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Prinzmetal’s (variant) angina and has a prescription for amlodipine. Which of the following information is accurate about amlodipine?
a. Reduce the “fight or flight” response
b. Decrease spasm of the coronary arteries
c. Increase the force of myocardial contraction
d. Help prevent clotting in the coronary arteries
b. Decrease spasm of the coronary arteries
The nurse will suspect that the client with stable angina is experiencing an adverse effect of the prescribed metoprolol if which of the following findings are assessed?
a. The client is restless and agitated
b. The BP is 190/110
c. The client complains about feeling anxious
d. The cardiac monitor shows a HR of 45.
d. The cardiac monitor shows a HR of 45.
The nurse is caring for a client with angina who has been prescribed nadolol. Which of the following parameters should the nurse assess to determine whether the drug is effective?
a. Decreased BP and apical pulse rate
b. Fewer complaint sof having cold hands and feet
c. Improvement in the quality of the peripheral pulses
d. The ability to do daily activities without chest discomfort
d. The ability to do daily activities without chest discomfort
The nurse is caring for a client with a non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who is receiving heparin. Which of the following information explains the purpose of the heparin?
a. Platelet aggregation is enhanced by IV heparin infusion
b. Heparin will dissolve the clot that is blocking blood flow to the heart
c. Coronary artery plaque size and adherence are decreased with heparin
d. Heparin will prevent the development of new clots in the coronary arteries
d. Heparin will prevent the development of new clots in the coronary arteries
The nurse is administering IV nitroglycerin to a client with a myocardial infarction. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication?
a. Check BP
b. Monitor apical pulse rate
c. Monitor for dysrhythmias
d. Ask about chest discomfort
d. Ask about chest discomfort
A client with ST segment elevation in several electrocardiographic (ECG) leads is admitted to the ED and diagnosed as having an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine whether the client is a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy?
a. “Do you take aspirin on a daily basis?”
b. “what time did your chest pain begin?”
c. “Is there any family hx of heart disease?”
d. “Can you describe the quality of your chest pain?”
b. “what time did your chest pain begin?”
Following an acute myocardial infarction, a client ambulates in the hospital hallway. When the nurse is evaluating the client’s response, which of the following assessment data would indicate that the exercise level should be decreased?
a. BP changes form 118/60 to 126/68
b. Oxygen saturation drops from 100% to 98%
c. HR increases from 66 to 90 bpm
d. Respiratory rate goes from 14 to 22
c. HR increases from 66 to 90 bpm
The nurse is administering a fibrinolytic agent to a client with an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following assessments should cause the nurse to stop the drug infusion?
a. Bleeding from the gums
b. Surface bleeding from the IV site
c. A decrease in level of consciousness
d. A nonsustained episode of ventricular tachycardia
c. A decrease in level of consciousness
Three days after a myocardial infarction, the client develops chest pain that increases when taking a deep breath and is relieved by leaning forward. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Palpate the radial pulses bilaterally
b. Assess the feet for peripheral edema
c. Auscultate for a pericardial friction rub
d. Check the cardiac monitor for dysrhythmias
c. Auscultate for a pericardial friction rub
The nurse is providing teaching to a client with chronic stable angina about how to use the prescribed short-acting and long-acting nitrates. Which of the following client statements indicates that the teaching has been effective?
a. “I will put on the nitroglycerin patch as soon as I develop any chest pain”
b. “I will check the pulse rate in my wrist just before I take any nitroglycerin”
c. “I will be sure to remove the nitroglycerin patch before using any sublingual nitroglycerin”
d. “I will stop what i am doing and site down before i put the nitroglycerin under my tongue”
d. “I will stop what i am doing and site down before i put the nitroglycerin under my tongue”
Four days after having a myocardial infarction, a client who is scheduled for discharge asks for assistance with all the daily activities, saying “I don’t understand how to care for myself.” Based on this information, which of the following nursing diagnosis is appropriate?
a. Ineffective health management related to insufficient knowledge
b. Activity intolerance related to physical deconditioning
c. Ineffective denial related to ineffective coping strategies
d. Social isolation related to insufficient personal resources.
a. Ineffective health management related to insufficient knowledge
The nurse is caring for a client who has survived a sudden cardiac death event and has no evidence of an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following information should the nurse teach the client?
a. That sudden cardiac death events rarely reoccur
b. About the purpose of outpatient Holter monitoring
c. How to self-administer low-molecular-weight heparin
d. To limit activity after discharge to prevent future events.
b. About the purpose of outpatient Holter monitoring
The nurse is caring for a client who is 3 days post myocardial infarction and the client states, “I just had a little chest pain. As soon as I get out of here, I’m going for my vacation as planned.” Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
a. “where are you planning to go for your vacation”
b. “what do you think caused your chest pain episode”
c. “Sometimes plans need to change after a heart attack”
d. “recovery from a heart attack takes at ;east a few weeks.”
b. “what do you think caused your chest pain episode”
The nurse is evaluating the outcomes of preoperative teaching with a client scheduled for a coronary artery bypass (CABG) using the internal mammary artery. Which of the following client statements indicates that additional teaching is needed?
a. “I will have incisions in my leg where they will remove the vein”
b. “They will circulate my blood with a machine during the surgery”
c. “I will need to take an aspirin a day after the surgery to keep the graft open”
d. “they will use an artery near my heart to bypass the area that is obstructed”
a. “I will have incisions in my leg where they will remove the vein”
The nurse is caring for a client who has had an acute myocardial infarction and the client asks the nurse about when sexual intercourse can be resumed. Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
a. “most clients are able to enjoy intercourse without any complaints”
b. “Sexual activity uses about as much energy as climbing two flights of stairs”
c. “the doctor will discuss sexual intercourse when your heart is strong enough”
d. “holding and cuddling are good ways to maintain intimacy after a heart attack”
b. “Sexual activity uses about as much energy as climbing two flights of stairs”
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperlipidemia who has a new prescription for colestipol. Which of the following nursing actions is best when giving this medication?
a. Administer the medication at the client’s bedtime
b. Have the client take this medication with an aspirin
c. Encourage the client to take the colestipol with a sip of water
d. Give the clients other medications 2 hours after the colestipol.
d. Give the clients other medications 2 hours after the colestipol.
