Lewis - Duffy Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
In 1979, this antigen joined the Kell system
A
Kp^c
2
Q
Antigens commonly found in asians
A
Kpc
3
Q
Fy(a-b-) RBCs are resistant to
A
Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax
4
Q
In Lewis blood group, another antibody, Anti-Le^b was found and named in what year?
A
1948
5
Q
Binds complement and TRIGGERS IN-VITRO HEMOLYSIS
A
Lewis antibodies
6
Q
Detected on RBCs as early as 10 weeks gestation and is fully developed at birth
A
K antigen “Kell”
7
Q
Most commonly encountered Duffy antigens
A
Fya and Fyb
8
Q
Very immunogenic (second only to D)
A
K antigen “Kell”
9
Q
Seen in majority of african americans
A
Fy (a-b-)
10
Q
A low prevalence mutation result of Kp^b
A
Kp^a
11
Q
True or false. The Le genes codes for the production of Lewis antigens
A
False. It does not produce Lewis antigens but rather produce SPECIFIC L-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE to Type 1 precursor substance
12
Q
Kpb is otherwise known as
A
Rautenberg
13
Q
The anti-K was discovered by
A
Robin Coombs
14
Q
The large external C-terminal domain is highly folded by ____________ having 665 amino acids and 15 cysteine residues
A
disulfide linkages
15
Q
Not commonly detected antibodies
A
Anti-Kpa, Anti-Kpb, Anti-Kpc, Anti-Jsa, Anti-Jsb
16
Q
Two alleles at the Lewis Locus
A
Le and le
17
Q
Enhanced in a low ionic strength medium
A
Duffy antibodies
18
Q
How many exons does a Kell gene consist of?
A
19 exons
19
Q
Found on fetal red cells earlier than Rh proteins
A
Kell antigens
20
Q
The young male medical student “McLeod” was initially
A
a Kell null but showed weak expression to some Kell antigens
21
Q
Kell antigen expression is dependent on the presence of this protein
A
XK protein
22
Q
In Lewis blood group, mothers who are Le (a-b+) may be
A
Le (a-b-)
23
Q
Increased in muscle dystrophy during McLeod syndrome
A
CK-MM and Carbonic anhydrase III
24
Q
Le genes codes for:
A
L-fucosyltransferase
25
Lewis blood group was reported in this year
1946
26
A phenotype discovered by Allen and his coworkers
McLeod Phenotype
27
In 1946, the Kell antibody "Anti-k" was first identified in the _________ of _________. It reacted with the RBCs of her newborn infant, her older daughter, and her husband.
serum of Mrs. Kelleher
28
A major allele in blacks
Fy
29
In what year was the antigen Js^a described? To whom is it named after?
1958; first producer- John Sutter
30
Present with muscle and nerver disorders
McLeod Syndrome (Neuroacanthocytosis)
31
Two alleles at the Secretory Locus
Se and se
32
L-fucosyltransferase adds ___________ to ______________ of Type 1 precursor to form Le^a
fucose to N-acetylglucosamine
33
Duffy glycoprotein traverses the cell membrane
7 times (with 2 disuldife bridges)
34
Most commonly encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh
Anti-K
35
Duffy antigens reside on
a glycroprotein of 336 amino acids
36
A substance secreted REGARDLESS OF SECRETORY STATUS
Le(a+b-) or Le^a
37
Found in 2% of whites
Kp^a
38
Kx antigen is present on ALL RBCs except those of the
McLeod Phenotype
39
Site of the different Kell genes that produce the antigens of the Kell blood group system
Kell locus
40
High prevalence Kell antigens
Kpb antigen; Jsb antigen
41
k antigen is detected as early as 7 weeks, it is otherwise known as
cellano
42
Why is Lewis not a true blood group antigen?
It is acquired from the body tissues/secretions
43
An antigen that is weak during pregnancy
Lewis
44
Carries Kx antigen
Xk protein
45
A multiply transfused hemophillac who in 1950 was fount out to produce antibodies against an antigen named "Fy^a"
Mr. Duffy
46
Conditions associated with McLeod Syndrome
Muscle dystrophy, Cardiomegaly, and chronic granulomatous disease
47
The antithetical k is otherwise known as
cellano
48
Found and soluble in plasma and saliva
Lewis "Le" Blood Group
49
The kp^a antigen and null phenotype were described in what year?
1957
50
Lewis antigens are resistant to
treatment by enzymes, Dithiothreitol, and Glycine-acid EDTA
51
In what year was K11 antigen first reported?
1971
52
Observed in McLeod Syndrome (BARLS)
Bilirubinemia
Acanthocytosis
Reticulocytosis
Low haptoglobin
Splenomegaly
53
Stimulated by pregnancy or tranfusion and persist for years
Anti-K
54
Lewis antibody was later called
Anti-Le^a
55
Also known as the plasma antigen
Lewis "Le"
56
A gene independent to KEL gene
XK gene
57
The amino acid at position ____ on Duffy glycoprotein defines Fya and Fyb polymorphism
42
58
The Le gene is linked to what genes?
H and Se genes
59
Duffy antigens are destroyed by
Proteolytic enzymes (Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Chymotrypsin)
60
Kell glycoproteins are members of what family?
Neprilysin
61
Lewis typing may be impossible until about ______ years of age
6
62
A high prevalence antigen describe by Levine and group in 1949
antithetical k or cellano
63
Sulfhydryl reagents (3)
2-mercaptoethanol
Dithiothreitol
2-aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide
64
Reacts at immediate spin
Lewis antibodies
65
Formed by Se by adding fucose to terminal galactose on type 1 precursor
H structure
66
Mcleod syndrome
Neuroacanthocytosis syndrome
67
The Anti-Le^a agglutinated RBCs from about _______% of english people.
25
68
5 sets of alleles that produce the Kell system's antithetical antigens exist within the Kell locus. What are these sets?
1) K and k
2) Kpa and Kpb
3) Jsa and Jsb
4) K11 and K17
5) K14 and K24
69
The Kell glycoprotein is linked with ________ by a disuflide bond at Cys72 of Kell protein to the Cys347 of the ________
XK protein; XK glycoprotein
70
Binds variety of proinflammatory cytokines
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines
71
From genetic interaction of Lele and Sese genes
Lewis Le(a-b+)
72
In what year were Js^a and Js^b officially added to the Kell system?
1965
73
McLeod phenotype has been associated with
mutations and deletions at the XK locus
74
Found in 20% blacks
Js^a
75
IgM anti-K is stimulated by
bacterial infections
76
superfamily of chemokin receptors
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines
77
True or False. Js^a and Js^b are antithetical antigens and are both related to Kell system
True
78
Development of Lewis antigen structure begins in the ___________ and may continue for _________.
first week after birth; six years
79
Low-incidence Kell antigen foun in 1985
K24
80
a patient's red cells lacks the entire Kell glycoprotein, therefore no Kell antigens
K0 (Kell null phenotype)
81
Kell antigens are sensitive to this treatment which reduces disulfide bonds of the protein
Sulfhydryl reagents
82
Blood to be received by patients with Anti-K
antigen-negative blood
83
Rare and are common in males via inheritance of X-linked through a carrier mother
McLeod phenotype
84
How many genes to produce Lewis antigens? What are these?
3 genes: H, Se, and Le genes
85
Low prevalence antigen
K antigen "Kell"
86
Influence the expression of Lewis antigens
Hh and Sese genes
87
Different Kell antigens are due to
single base mutations that results to amino acid substitutions
88
True or false. Lewis antigens are antithetical.
False
89
Duffy antibodies that are common and usually in a MIXTURE OF ANTIBODIES
Anti-Fya
90
Rarely bind complement
Duffy antibodies
91
Kp^a antigen
Penny
92
Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as _________ which is central to zinc binding and catalytic activity
zinc endopeptidase
93
The gene encoding for the Kpa antigen is associated wtih
suppression of other Kell antigens
94
Glycoprotein location of Kell antigens
Type II glycoprotein with 731 amino acids
95
Duffy gene was linked to a visible, inherited abnormality in what chromosome?
Chromosome 1
96
H gene adds L-fucose to ________ of the precursor subtance forming the Le^b antigen
galactose
97
Kell Antigens described in 1958
Js^a and Kp^b
98
L-fucosyltransferase adds ________ to _________ to form Le^b
fucose to H structure
99
antigens also found on lymphocytes and platelets
Lewis antigens
100
Kx blood group can be found in (SHEBL)
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Erythroid tissue
Brain
Lymphoid organs
101
Inherited independently of the Kell antigens
Kx antigen
102
Le genes and location
Le/FUT3; short arm of chromosome 19p13.3
103
The Mcleod phenottype RBC lacks __________ with decreased expression of _____________.
lacks Kx and Km
decreased expression of other Kell antigens
104
Le gene adds L-fucose to the N-acetylglucosamine of the __________ substance to form the Le^a antigen
Type 1 precursor
105
_______________ domain is intracellular
N terminal
106
Anti-Fy^b was described in:
the serum of Mrs. Hahn following the birth of her third child
107
Found ONLY on RBCs
Kell antigens
