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Question 1

Q.1 What are the 3 golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer 1

*Don’t start to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover fuel spill.

*Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced.

*Don’t mix different foam concentrates.

Question 2

Q.2 List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.

Answer 2

• CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a large jet reaction than a standard hose.
• Slug flow when the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. Finished foam will shudder or pulsate.
• Doesn’t contain enough water for an internal attack.

Question 3

Question 3.
According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no
fire involved.

Answer 3

Wear structural PPE and SCBA.

Evacuate all persons from the immediate area.

Remove all sources of ignition.
Respond Gas company.

Only use intrinsically safe equipment.

Dampen ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity.

Question 4

Question 4. 
According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can
penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How
many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not
cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

24 hours

Question 5

Question 5.
According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions
on, what are the most important indicators?

Answer 5

B-SAHF
Building: Construction style & materials impact fire behaviour.

Smoke: Colour varies with the combustion process.

Airtrack: Relationship between inlet & outlet openings & the way air flows between these points.

Heat: Blackening and crazing of windows.

Flame: Colour yellow-generally reasonable air supply.

Question 6

Question 6.
According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment
during a structure fire?

Answer 6

Gas cooling.

Direct/indirect attacks

Question 7

Question 7.
According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by
firefighters?

Answer 7

Clevland load

S laying

Question 8

Question 8.
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3,
Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or
hazardous material incident………?

Answer 8

1. When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must despite anything to the contrary in any ACT, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
2. When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must despite anything to the contrary in any ACT-

(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and

(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Question 9

Question 9. 
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3,
Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and
Hazardous material incident………?

Answer 9

1. The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place

(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or

(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.

2. Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Question 10

Question 10.
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and
hazardous material incidents”. State this provision. 

Answer 10

1. At a fire, the OIC

(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and

(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

1A. At the site of the hazardous material incident, the OIC-

(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection & saving of life &property, for confining and ending the incident & for rendering the site safe.

(b) is to control & direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such an area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the OIC.

2. If the fire is a bush fire (including grass) the OIC is as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under Section 52 Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

Question 11

Question 11.
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material
incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or
obstacles.”  

Answer 11

The OIC at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Question 12

Question 12.
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks
details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your
response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of
information.

Answer 12

A firefighter must not disclose information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made—
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives about operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with another lawful excuse.

Question 13

Question 13.
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour.
List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed
unacceptable. 

Answer 13

Come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug.

While on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug.

While on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of FRNSW.

Smoke at a fire/drill in any department premises or in any department vehicle.

Smoke or consume alcohol in any public place while in uniform.

Question 14

Question 14.
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when
responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles
approaching a stop sign or red signal take?  

Answer 14

Drivers must slow down & enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8KPH.

Having assessed the traffic conditions & determined that it is safe to proceed the driver may then continue across the intersection.

Question 15

Question 15.
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when
travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?  

Answer 15

All FRNSW employees are required to wear seat belts, properly adjusted when travelling in FRNSW vehicles.

Question 16

Question 16.
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the
procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.

Answer 16

Station Commanders/Supervisors must complete an “Agency member motor vehicle claim form”

Submit the form to the Duty Commander with a cover memo explaining how the accident occurred.

DC undertakes an initial investigation and the form must be submitted to the Fleet Management Unit which will process the claim.

If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss a “NIIENM form” must be submitted as well.

Question 17

Question 17.
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain
knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

Answer 17

1. A FF must acquire & maintain a thorough knowledge of and must comply with the requirements of the ACT, this Regulation and the Comissioner’s directions.
2. A FF must acquire & maintain the knowledge & skills that are relevant to the performance of the FF functions.

Question 18

Question 18.
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1”
through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely:  List
these four points.

Answer 18

Use

Fire load

Population

Mobility of the occupants such as whether they are sleeping or alert.

Question 19

Question 19.
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request
FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

There has been a loss of life at a fire or person not expected to live from their injuries.

The fire considered major (4th alarm above)

The origin and cause of fire is not apparent.

Question 20

Question 20.
As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a
summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

Answer 20

SOFA
Summary of Observations and Firefighters Actions.

Question 21

Question 21.
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List
and describe the regimes. 

Answer 21

Fuel controlled:-
Initial phase of fire development the fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment.

Fires with more than enough air for combustion are fuel controlled.

Ventilation Controlled:-
Most structure fires will reach a stage where fire development and the Heat Release Rate HRR is now dictated by the availability of oxygen.

This occurs during a fully developed fire when fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment.

Fire growth and HRR is limited by the available oxygen supply.

Question 22

Question 22.
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

Answer 22

The fire floor

Floor directly above the fire floor

Top floor as this is where the smoke will rise to if it can.

Question 23

Question 23.
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes
trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention
to the situation? 

Answer 23

Mayday message.

Question 24

Question 24
According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at
incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

At every incident FRNSW attends

Question 25

Question 25. According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.

Answer 25

Deployment Command Situation Evaluation Incident Action Planning Incident Communications Incident Structure Review and Revision Escalation and De escalation

Question 26

Question 26. According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources.  Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident? 

Answer 26

Incident commander

Question 27

Question 27. A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000. The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

Longitudinal ventilation Ducted ventilation Natural Ventilation Combination of the above

Question 28

Question 28. According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

Recycling- Crew stops work for a short period just outside Hot Zone to rest, rehydrate and replenish air cylinders. Remain accountable to IC Full Rehabilitation- Crew is released & moves to rehab area. Accountable to rehab officer.

Question 29

Question 29. According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer 29

Life at Risk: Where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled & requires rapid actions to control the risk to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable. Expanding Phase: Where the incident is likely to expand beyond accepted limits. The incident is uncontrolled & requires rapid actions to control risks to lives & property. Some level of risk may be acceptable. Contained Phase: Where there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within a defined area. There is no life at risk or lives & property are already lost. Risk must be minimised as much as practicable.

Question 30

Question 30. According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?

Answer 30

FF in the course of their duty. Employees of FRNSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency. Members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge. Other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Question 31

Question 32. According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

Answer 31

Excluding the fire's supply of O2 Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting. Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition.

Question 32

Question 33. According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?

Answer 32

Odourless Colourless Heavier than air

Question 33

Question 34. According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

Answer 33

BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

Question 34

Question 35. According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

Answer 34

TIC Infrared Thermometer Wetting Test

Question 35

Question 36. Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR

Answer 35

Safe Approach Incident Control Scene security Identify Hazard material Assess potential harm & minimise environmental contamination. Call in resources Monitor information Render safe and decontaminate.

Question 36

Question 37. According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

Answer 36

Water

Question 37

Question 38. According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.

Answer 37

Stage 1: Abuse Factor Thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse Stage 2: Off Gas Generation Occurs regardless of cell-form factor. Stage 3: Smoke Generation Catastrophic failure is imminent. Stage 4: Fire Generation Likelihood of propagation drastically increases.

Question 38

Question 39. According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 38

NIIENM Form within 24 hrs

Question 39

Question 40. According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 39

Supervisor or coworker can submit on you behalf.

Question 40

Question 41. In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?

Answer 40

State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 (SERM)

Question 41

Question 42. As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 41

NSW Police Rescue Coordinator

Question 42

Question 43. According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 42

Yourself and other rescuers. Other persons not involved (bystanders) Unfortunate person involved.

Question 43

Question 44. According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?

Answer 43

One FF to wear full structural PPc & SCBA A manned line of 38m hose charged to 400 KPa, pump with recirculating valve open. If fire occurs charge to 800 KPa at the pump to achieve 700Kpa at branch. Provide fire protection (90 degree angle spray) between patient and the fire.

Question 44

Question 45. According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

Answer 44

H.O.T.S Heated or extremely low temperatures. Oxygen deficient or enriched environments. Toxic atmospheres. Smoke.

Question 45

Question 46. Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.

Answer 45

Keys deposit-Station Commander Keys to Private Premises.

Question 46

Question 47. As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 46

P.A.R.Q Physical Acitivity Readiness Questionaire

Question 47

Question 48. According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer 47

Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form

Question 48

Question 49. According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 48

7 days maximum

Question 49

Question 50. According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.

Answer 49

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire. It imposes conditions on the way a fire is lit & maintained.

Question 50

Question 51. According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?

Answer 50

At EICIE (Emergency Intercom Control & Indicating Equipment)- Chief Wardens Handset. Within 4m of exit within each emergency zone. Within 4m of exit on each storey. Within emergency lift shafts. Adajacent to FDCIE if remote from EICIE

Question 51

Question 52. According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.

Answer 51

Main stop Valve Test Drain Sprinkler Test Facility Sprinkler Alarm Valve System Pressure Guage Deluge Valve Water supply with water supply pressure guage.

Question 52

Question 53. According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.

Answer 52

1. Turning off Power: Turning off the main switch, removing fuses & switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard. 2. Isolating Power: The electrical company disconnect power from the network.

Question 53

Question 54. According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.

Answer 53

1. On-site Consultation: Determine whether it is appropriate to turn the solar power system off & how best to do so. 2. Assume Switchboard is Live: Don electrical safety gloves then over gloves. Helmet visor down and look away. 3. Follow the Shutdown Procedure: May be on or near switchboard or inverter. If not found turn off the inverter main switch, then turn off the solar panel main switch. 4. Consider if Benefits Outweigh Risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of incident. 5. Isolate the Power: If required have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate power.

Question 54

Question 55. According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.

Answer 54

An 'ES" sticker should be located outside switchboard.

Question 55

Question 56. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 55

Establish a minimum 3m Hot Zone Wear electrical PPE if turning off power. Wear level 1 PPE where vapours, gas or smoke present. Use only clean water. Conduct atmospheric monitoring if battery in compartment. Wear chemical resistant gloves if moving/touching a cooled damaged battery. Inform IC if anyone is exposed to gas, vapours, electrolytes, smoke or by products. Monitor water run off & decontaminate PPE. Complete site handover & communicate possible hazards. Complete NSW Fair Trading Notification Form. Knock down fire with water. Cool battery with cooling stream of water. Submerge device in a suitable container if safe to do so. If unable to submerge, cool and conduct thermal checks every 15min until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 min. Ensure that all cells are accounted for.

Question 56

Question 57. According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

Answer 56

Conduct firefighting from the ground or aerial appliance. Don't get on roof or put ladder against roof. Extinguish fire with spray nozzle, using pulse spray in a dispersed pattern. If panel at ground level use CO2 ensuring at least 250mm gap between CO2 nozzle and electrified component.

Question 57

Question 59. According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

Answer 57

Wear SCBA & full set of firefighting PPC Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.

Question 58

Question 60. According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

Answer 58

Level 2 PPE Multi purpose helmet Goggles GP gloves FF gloves (direct attack) Duty wear trousers FF boots P2 mask

Question 59

Question 61. According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 59

1. Line Defense: Is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. Protect the perimeter of a property until resources are sufficient. Stay mobile-be able to relocate quickly. 2. Ember Defense: Focus on extinguishing embers & spot fires around the structures. Remain mobile "Hit and move". 3. Backstop Defense: FF retreat while fire front passes and move back in to save saveable structures afterwards. Retreat to a safe refuge.

Question 60

Question 62. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 60

Thermal runaway Extreme fire behaviour Release of toxic vapour & gases Hazardous materials & leaked electrolytes. Stranded energy Projectiles Secondary ignition

Question 61

Question 63. As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

Answer 61

1:4

Question 62

Question 64. According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 62

The container's vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial & high priority for cooling ( use spray).

Question 63

Question 65. As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

Answer 63

The height of the door

Question 64

Question 66. According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?

Answer 64

Asbestos bags Yellow clinical waste bag Clear contaminated equipment bag Cable ties and a contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.

Question 65

Question 67. You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?

Answer 65

Class 1

Question 66

Question 68. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?

Answer 66

Number of CO2 cylinders to be injected

Question 67

Question 69. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?

Answer 67

Composition of the ground Moisture content Voltage of the electrical source

Question 68

Question 70. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.

Answer 68

Metal Human body Timber/trees Flame and dense smoke Water

Question 69

Question 71. According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.

Answer 69

Stay away from the hazard, treat it as live. Assess the risks at least 8m away. Establish an Exclusion Zone. Have the electricity company isolate power.

Question 70

Question 72. As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.

Answer 70

Pair of insulating gloves Pair of leather over gloves Electrical safety kit bag 2x non contact AC voltage detectors.

Question 71

Question 73. According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 71

Put on electrical gloves first. Put over gloves on over the electrical gloves. The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond cuff of over glove. The cuff of electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.

Question 72

Question 74. According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.

Answer 72

Possible terrorist incident Crime investigation Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management Rescue incidents

Question 73

Question 75. You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?

Answer 73

Identify & liaise with the Emergency Coordinator Start developing IAP by looking at PIP's Nominate a staging area & advise FIRECOM Access Red Fire Emergency Plan Box at main entry. Prepare the appliance & secure equipment before entering facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Question 74

Question 76. According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 74

Is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety.

Question 75

Question 78. According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.

Answer 75

Contribute to the station's community prevention & risk reduction planning and engagement programs/activities. Attend fire/emergency incidents providing expert knowledge. Contribute to station's operational readiness Assist with investigations into the cause of fires. Support the SO in actions to achieve FRNSW goals under Plus Plan.

Question 76

Question 79. According to STP - What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

Answer 76

As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain Fire Control & stop conditions from worsening. Subsequent crews will be tasked Search & Rescue Crews conducting Search & Rescue must ensure they have a hose line to control the conditions in their location & ability to conduct Fire Attack.

Question 77

Question 80. According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

Answer 77

Biggest capacity appliance is Base Pump then Relay Pumps 1, 2, 3 etc then Fireground PUmp.

Question 78

Question 81. According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

Answer 78

Natural: A fire is caused without human intervention or action. Lightning etc Accidental: Fires for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where it should not be. Incendiary: A fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where & when there should not be a fire. Undetermined: The cause of the fire cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty.

Question 79

Question 82. Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 79

Notify Police and withdraw to a safe area.

Question 80

Question 83. According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer 80

1. Establish BA control as close to entry/exit as possible. 2. Check & enter all details on the BA control board. 3. Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the IC plan. 4. Calculate & monitor entry and exit times. 5. Monitor all radion comms within the sector.

Question 81

Question 84. According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text.  What does the text usually refer to?

Answer 81

Means that there is further information that is not covered by the 99 numbers. Relates to Additional Personal Protection (APP)

Question 82

Question 85. According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer 82

Known low concentrations of inert dust Concrete, stone & masonry cutting operations where the work can be wet. The particles, but no gases CO in bushfire smoke. Contamination by body fluids.

Question 83

Question 86. According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. List and describe the incident the life at risk phase.

Answer 83

Where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

Question 84

Question 87. According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer 84

Enter without undue delay. Enter with minimum structural damage. Enter to provide access to as much of the building as possible.

Question 85

Question 88. According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated runoff/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?

Answer 85

EPA Environmental Protection Authority RMS National Parks & Wildlife Service Local Council

Question 86

Question 90. According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 86

To use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control. To establish a flow of info at all levels of the incident without overwhelming the IC or Comcen with superfluous data. To ensure the safety of FF by using effective communication.

Question 87

Question 92. According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in

Answer 87

Initial fire attack. Hazmat containment or isolation. Operate valves & other industrial processes.

Question 88

Question 93 SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?

Answer 88

Is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Strategic & tactical levels scale back & functions are handed back to the IC. Resources released & site handover when FRNSW duties completed.

Question 89

Question 94. According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour

Answer 89

Chief Warden, Deputy Chief Warden, Communications Officer- White Floor Warden, Area Warden- Yellow Wardens-Red First Aid Officer-white cross on a green background.

Question 90

Question 95. What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes: * Code 3 * Code 6 * Code 4  * Code 1 * Code 7

Answer 90

Arrived on scene RFS district incident Available to respond Responding to incident Unavailable for response-state reason.

Question 91

Question 96. You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT.  The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?

Answer 91

A fire-isolated room with a 2 hr fire rating & separate ventilation. Two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit. FIP FireFan Control Panel Master Emergency Control Panel Controls for Fire Pumps Security Alarm & Control Panel Telephone Whiteboard, corkboard and plan table Tactical Fire Plans (maps)

Question 92

Question 97. You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?

Answer 92

Location & size of fire. Degree of ISP involvement in fire & form of ISP construction. Type of insulating material used in the panels (EPS). Premises Emergency Plan & Dangerous Goods Manifest. Type and quantity of refrigerant gas used. Access & egress distances(need for BA extension). Type of product & how it is stored. Hydrants, sprinklers, other installed fire protection. Smoke control systems. need for Hazmat, RIT, Safety Officers & ICMS to ensure FF safety. Establishment of collapse zones. Hazards as listed in GSD Section 4

Question 93

Question 98. You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?

Answer 93

1:5-7

Question 94

Question 99. It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 94

Consider 7 sides of the fire. Front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.

Question 95

Question 100. On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 95

Advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated.

Question 96

Question 101. You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?

Answer 96

Papa, hotel, oscar, sierra, golf, echo, november, echo

Question 97

Question 102. An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 97

NSW Police Rescue Coordinator

Question 98

Question 103. Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?

Answer 98

Have FF shower & dress in clean clothing. Record the exposure in Occurrence Book & eAIRS Complete NIIENM Form

Question 99

Question 104. According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer 99

First priority is the safety of FF Second priority is protecting saveable lives Third priority is protecting saveable property and the environment.

Question 100

Question 106. According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.

Answer 100

Onsite decon occurs as people & equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, entering rehab or leaving incident. Aim is to ensure zero exposure for FF with all contaminates removed & left at incident. All PPE & boots require cleaning before leaving. All BA need to be cleaned after exposure to reduce contamination by carcinogens. Helmets are to be cleaned on scene & then contained (bagged & tagged) in accordance with helmet recommended practice.

Question 101

Question 107. According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.

Answer 101

Prior to the arrival of the fire front, prepare properties & extinguish spot fires. As fire front approaches-take shelter until front has passed. Assist with mop up & recovery in their area. CFU must not engage in direct firefighting attack. CFU must not undertake internal firefighting or major external structural firefighting.

Question 102

Question 108. According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 102

A patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly.

Question 103

Question 109. According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.

Answer 103

0.02 grams (BAC)

Question 104

Question 110. According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?

Answer 104

Notify all personnel in the collapse zone. Notify SO/Sector Commander Evacuate premises Set up exclusion zone Use appropriate water streams.

Question 105

Question 111. According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?

Answer 105

The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code.

Question 106

Question 112. According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES

Answer 106

Lookouts- Fire crews must lookout & ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour location & size of the fire in relation to crew location. Awareness- FF must be aware of what is happening around them:- -impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variation to fuel, weather & topography. -observation of smoke colour, direction & column -fireground & urban hazards including potential falling rocks/trees -hydration of themselves/others Commincation- All fire crews must maintain comms in accordance with the comms plan & ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately. Escape Routes- At least two escape routes should be agreed & made known to all relevant personnel. Suitability should be reviewed continually. Safety Zones(Refuge)- Should be identified & made known to all relevant FF. FF need to consider escape time & safety zone size requirements which may change as fire behaviour changes.

Question 107

Question 113. According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer 107

Catastrophic Extreme High Moderate No rating

Question 108

Question 114 According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?

Answer 108

Are repeated to ensure the accuracy of messages received and take the CAN format.

Question 109

Question 115. According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer 109

Offensive Strategy- Direct Attack is at the fire edge to extinguish/control flames directly. Parallel Attack is used to control the intensity of fire. Fire line parallel to fire edge allows FF/equipment to work away from heat/stroke. Indirect Attack Falling back from fire perimeter & burning back from a strong control line. Defensive Strategy- Line Defence is used when conditions would normally allow offensive but not enough resources to mount attack in time. Prevents the approaching line of fire from impacting property. Ember Defence Approachin fire too intense to be suppressed. Extinguish small fires that occur in/around buildings. Backstop No safe defensible space around buildings. FF withdraw temporarily a short distance to suitable refuges & come back after fire passes. Safeguarding Strategy- Offensive/Defensive no longer viable. No fire suppression, warns & escorts/protects community members to ensure their safety.

Question 110

Question 116. According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer 110

Level 2 PPE must be worn

Question 111

Question 117. Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.

Answer 111

Dizziness, weakness, nausea

Question 112

Question 118. According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?

Answer 112

Going Being controlled Contained Patrol Out

Question 113

Question 120. According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer 113

Offensive-operating in close proximity to the hazards. Deffensive-operating away from the hazards.

Question 114

Question 121. As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer 114

Risk assessment Strategy and objectives Incident structure(resources being used or needed). Layout of incident (mud map) Any other relevant info to resolve/control, such as incoming resources.

Question 115

Question 123. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer 115

Becomes the Sector commander for the fire floor, establishes a forward control point and commences fire operations from the floor below fire. Identify fire location fromFIP Brief Pump operator to monitor comms, BA control, sitrep to comms Go to reported fire floor with crew & charged 38mm line Use fire stairs to fire floor conduct fire operations.

Question 116

Question 124. According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 116

120 metres apart and maybe pressurised

Question 117

Question 125. According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer 117

Support NSW Police or ADF by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur. Act as the lead agency in USAR operations. If requested assist NSW Ambo.

Question 118

Question 126. According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe- * Bulk * Flatbed storage * Ventilated * Sealed

Answer 118

Bulk: More than 4 tonnes or more than 4m3 of a substance not in individual packages. Flatbed Storage: A single-level building/structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes. Ventilated: Containers open to the atmosphere including silos with explosion vents that have activated. Sealed: A grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi-sealed at other times-includes semi sealed and o2 limiting containers.

Question 119

Question 127. According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 119

SCBA-self-contained breathing apparatus EDSCBA- Extended duration. Twin cylinder config SCBA Set Airline Respirator (Extension facemask) airline supplied from a source of compressed air:- ATBA (Air Trolley BA) Independent SCBA SCBA worn by FF

Question 120

Question 128. According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer 120

Standard decontamination (no life at risk) Emergency Decon (life at risk eg. rescued from hot zone) Mass decon (implemented in an unexpected & dangerous situation where a group of people contaminated)

Question 121

Question 129. According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer 121

Time- minimise the duration of exposure Distance- maximise distance from radiological source Shielding- maximise shielding between radiological source and people

Question 122

Question 130. According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.

Answer 122

Alpha, Beta, Gamma & xrays, neutrons

Question 123

Question 131. According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 123

Minimise disturbance- restrict salvage & overhaul Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix

Question 124

Question 132. Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.

Answer 124

Friable: Any ACM that is in powder form or can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. EG pipe lagging Non-Friable: Known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. Eg cement sheeting, switchboards

Question 125

Question 133. According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?

Answer 125

4 new PIP's

Question 126

Question 134. According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?

Answer 126

Ensure hydrants work when needed. Notify water authorities of problems with hydrants. Familiarise crews with hydrants in the area.

Question 127

Question 135. According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 127

Immediate or as soon as possible.

Question 128

Question 136. As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values

Answer 128

Integrity, Service

Question 129

Question 137. According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer 129

Professional standards (PSB) by completing the 'Gifts and benefits registration form'.

Question 130

Question 138. According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.

Answer 130

Direct contact with blood/body substances. Indirect contact transmission. Droplet transmission. Airborne transmission.

Question 131

Question 139. According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer 131

Siervert (Sv)

Question 132

Question 140. According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer 132

Concentration exposure Duration exposure Fibre characteristics (short,straight fibres breathed deeper)

Question 133

Question 141. List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.

Answer 133

Hot zone- Where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE. Warm zone- Where FRNSW conducts its operations. Cold zone- Where the incident control point and support agencies are located and Police implement overall site control.

Question 134

Question 142. According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer 134

Stage 1 Stage 2 FRNSW likely to be involved. Stage 3

Question 135

Question 143. According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer 135

Warns- tailored to the current situation & locality. Escorts- support, assist & move particularly vulnerable people. Protects- When moving to safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary.

Question 136

Question 144. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 136

The Fire Control Room (FCR)

Question 137

Question 145. SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer 137

Industrial complex High Rise building Health care facility

Question 138

Question 146. According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.

Answer 138

Heavy duty double sided tape

Question 139

Question 147. Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multiagency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?

Answer 139

Red Blue Green

Question 140

Question 148. Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 140

A person sexually harasses another person if- (A) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance or an unwelcome request for sexual favours to the other person,or (B) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Question 141

Question 149. According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.

Answer 141

Replacement FF must have similar qualification to meet need of the position being filled on the particular shift.

Question 142

Question 150. According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 142

24hrs in advance of shift.

Question 143

Question 151. According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 143

An actual or impending land based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury, death or damage to property.

Question 144

Question 152. According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, response to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 144

FRNSW

Question 145

Question 153. According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 145

By 31st May each year

Question 146

Question 155. According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.

Answer 146

Stand by mode Activation mode Deactivation mode

Question 147

Question 156. According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?

Answer 147

SIRA Poster-If you get injured at work Commissioners Safety Statement Safe & Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022 FRNSW Return to Work Policy & Program Summary WHS Issue REsolution Flowchart NIIENM SUbmission workflow Safety Info and Contacts Safety Representatives Template First Aid Officers template Fire warden template Safety Bulletins, EAP info, operations Bulletins

Question 148

Question 157. According to Standing Orders- Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. Wha are two things firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 148

Intruders may still be in the building. A real fire may have set off motion detectors & activated smoke screen device.

Question 149

Question 158. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?

Answer 149

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

Question 150

Question 159. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?

Answer 150

The explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space.

Question 151

Question 161. During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer 151

Locate the appliance uphill, upwind & at least 50m from the helicopter landing site, fuel pumps/storage areas , any incident on airbase. During refuelling FF in Full PPE with charged hose line, foam eductor attached and B class foam ready to be inducted. Prevent water/foam streams from hitting moving rotors as may cause injury/death. When life not a risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to aircraft before applying water/foam streams. When life is at risk NSWFB commander direct FF's to apply foam to a fuel fire immediately.

Question 152

Question 162. A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer 152

Type of fuel in the fire size of the fire size of internal openings height of building weather

Question 153

Question 163. At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?

Answer 153

Staging officer needs to keep track of resources in staging and advise IC when spare resources are low or fall below number specified by IC

Question 154

Question 164. You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014- 02, what actions should be taken?

Answer 154

Reduce speed and alter driving behaviour in relation to road conditions

Question 155

Question 165. According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.

Answer 155

Hazard-is anything with potential to harm and can be an object or task. Risk-is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard.

Question 156

Question 168. You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.

Answer 156

Identify unsafe conditions/operations and report to IC Communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented. Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander.If affects strategy & tactics inform IC so IAP can be reviewed. Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health & welfare of personnel. Ensure those at the incident are briefed on those hazards, and measures to eliminate, prevent/mitigate risks. Confirm all utilities are identified and rendered safe.

Question 157

Question 169. FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?

Answer 157

Don't walk on spongy roofs Take care to prevent FF from sliding and falling. Caution when working near electric wires. Ensure FF making the opening is standing windward side of cut, wear PPE. Watch for indications of weakening structure/hazards Apply extreme caution when using power tools Keep a firm footing Always have a means of retreat.

Question 158

Question 170. You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?

Answer 158

Ensure a person does not enter/interfere with or remove goods from premises at the site unless the person establishes the person's identity and authority to do so.

Question 159

Question 171. According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer 159

More fully size up the incident Directly supervise the crew Assist the crew with task level work if needed. Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.

Question 160

Question 172. Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?

Answer 160

Firefighting media personal protection requirement risk of violent reaction spillage handling evacuation consideration

Question 161

Question 173. To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.

Answer 161

Starvation smothering cooling interruption of the flame chain reaction

Question 162

Question 174. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.

Answer 162

Damage cargo React dangerously with cargo Affect ship stability

Question 163

Question 176. According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.

Answer 163

Check concealed spaces, ducting and pipework with TIC Close windows & move flammable materials away from windows. Always have charged lines of hose. Maintain communications with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity.

Question 164

Question 177. You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an inline engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?

Answer 164

Radial engine is a greater fire risk. Halons or CO2 most effective in controlling fire.

Question 165

Question 178. According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 165

At least every 4 hours.

Question 166

Question 179. You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?

Answer 166

The nature & proximity of exposures Size of fire Seat of fire Wind/weather conditions Type of building construction Presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.

Question 167

Question 180. According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 167

At least 20 minutes

Question 168

Question 181. According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer 168

The process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.

Question 169

Question 182. During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer 169

Safe working distance of 25m Don't engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines. Keep people/vehicles a min of 25m clear of fire burning under or near power lines. If crossing a powerline easement ensure adequate clearance between highest point of vehicle and the powerlines. Clearance varies between 3 & 8m, avoid tall vegetation.

Question 170

Question 183. You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?

Answer 170

Double delivery Elbow delivery Standpipe delivery

Question 171

Question 184. A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks. Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer 171

BA team did not notify the BACO when they don their facemask and begin using air supply.

Question 172

Question 185. According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members

Answer 172

Decontamination Officer Wash Operator Wash Assistant Disrobe Assistant Pump Operator

Question 173

Question 186. At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 173

Characteristic burn pattern Indication of fire trailers Rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials Unusual odours Damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

Question 174

Question 187. You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer 174

Full structual ensemble, inlcuding helmets and gloves Flash hood SCBA earplugs

Question 175

Question 188. Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?

Answer 175

Flammable matter includes- (a) Any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously and, (b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purpose of this definition.

Question 176

Question 189. According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer 176

Class 3 is a major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997

Question 177

Question 190. In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the five main types of military warfare agents?

Answer 177

Nerve or G agents Blister or H agents Blood agents Choking agents

Question 178

Question 191. You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks. What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?

Answer 178

Take on role of IC as soon as possible and must confirm and name command in initial radio report.

Question 179

Question 192. You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer 179

More than 25m high or having more than 10 levels.

Question 180

Question 194. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?

Answer 180

Seat of the fire has been located Crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines Back up crews are ready to enter Communications have been established amongst all crews.

Question 181

Question 195. You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?

Answer 181

Part 3 division 1 section 15 15 Use of water etc The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment— (a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and (b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.

Question 182

Question 196. FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?

Answer 182

Flexibilty Management by objectives Functional management Unity of command Span of control

Question 183

Question 197. According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 183

Search and rescue have been completed and the IC is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.

Question 184

Question 199. You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?

Answer 184

Hot Zone - pump 1 Warm zone- pump 2 recycling, pump 3 on deck Staging- pump 4,5,6,7,8 Hot zone- pump 1, 2 Warm zone- pump 3, 4 recycling, pump 5, 6 on deck Staging- pump 7,8

Question 185

Question 200. FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 185

Creating a culturally safe workplace environment that is free from discrimination & everyone is valued & treated respectively. Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion. Identify & address any form of discrimination in the workplace.

Question 186

Question 201. According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations

Answer 186

Career development Operational capability development Compassionate issues Location based transfers Performance/disciplinary.

Question 187

Question 202. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?

Answer 187

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.

Question 188

Question 203. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.

Answer 188

Trunk mains Distributary mains Reticulation mains

Question 189

Question 205. Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer 189

EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with TIC and can spread to areas remote from fire origin. Panel delamination, hot metal panel skins bow and up rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void. Creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS and causes panels to collapse. Increase risk of flashover and backdraught. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black acrid smoke produced. Sudden loss of structural integrity may cause building collapse.

Question 190

Question 206. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?

Answer 190

Civil Military Helicopters (civil & military)

Question 191

Question 207. According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer 191

Immediately it becomes apparent to the OIC of an FRNSW appliance that the call to an incident is located within a Rural Fire District. With a code 1 message if it is known the incident is in a RFD.

Question 192

Question 208. According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer 192

Conduct atmospheric monitoring with 4 head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking. Use a TIC to identify if hydrogen fire is present. Conduct thermal checks on the battery with a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring. Increase temp will indicate this so use a hose stream to cool. Establish an exclusion zone (min 15m) around FCEV.

Question 193

Question 209. The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?

Answer 193

Any increase in the noise level from the valve. Any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank.

Question 194

Question 210. In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer 194

The response time for requested support. The requirements for relief crew and refreshments. Whether a change of shift is necessary.

Question 195

Question 211. You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?

Answer 195

Part 3 Division 1 12 Investigation of reported fires and hazardous material incidents (1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place— (b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident. (2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry. 13 General powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents 1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge— (a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and (b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade. The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

Question 196

Question 212. According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.

Answer 196

Straight Talk

Question 197

Question 213. According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.

Answer 197

Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Question 198

Question 214. According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 198

Command is only terminated when the last FRNSW leaves the incident.

Question 199

Question 215. What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?

Answer 199

The IC must identify a set of critical factors and process them into an incident action plan IAP. The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If more expand incident structure and delegate. Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene. Once on scene further information is collected via initial size up from vehicle. IC should then conduct 360 size up for additional info. Critical factors must be communicated to FIRECOM IC continually collect info from commanders/external sources Modify IAP as critical factors change IC's initial size up & decision making about critical factors may be rapid. Once incident contained IC takes more deliberate approach. Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated. Anyone may collect info regarding critical factors. Need to be communicated with IC.

Question 200

Question 216. According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer 200

It's not intrinsically safe.

Question 201

Question 217. According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 201

An IAP is the plan developed by IC that describes at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident. It describes: The risk assessment Strategy & objectives Incident structure (resources used/needed) Layout of incident-mud map ANy other relevant info to resolve/control such as incoming resources.

Question 202

Question 218. According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 202

Small- One hose lay cover entire structure Medium- 75% Large-50% Very Large-25% Mega-10% Hose lay is 50m (two 30m lengths of hose)

Question 203

Question 219. As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include? -

Answer 203

Confirmation of address Conditions: Brief description of incident obvious critical factors including hazards. Actions: IAP assumption of command and naming of incident strategy. Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol or request for particular resources as per local arrangement.

Question 204

Question 220. According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs

Answer 204

Any member of the participating crews in the activity.

Question 205

Question 221. According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 205

Annually

Question 206

Question 222. According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?

Answer 206

Simple prescribed burn complex prescribed burn

Question 207

Question 223. According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?

Answer 207

Removal of bushfire fuels Bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities Agricultural activities

Question 208

Question 224. According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.

Answer 208

Total Fire Ban EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption) The Fire Behaviour Index FBI is greater than 23

Question 209

Question 225. According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer 209

Any item which is purchased, introduced or used within a FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procrument Manual. Includes equipment not obtained through ESCAT or RPO.

Question 210

Question 226. When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer 210

Don't send sensitive info across an open channel. Radio transmissions are monitored by non NSWFB people. Messages detailing injuries/fatalities or personal info should be sent by alternative means. Ensure outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive info being sent.

Question 211

Question 228. According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer 211

Building owner or occupier

Question 212

Question 229. According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 212

Inward Adze roll Fork drive Outward Adze (drive and steer)

Question 213

Question 230. According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door

Answer 213

Size up Gap Set Force Control

Question 214

Question 231. According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 214

Never ignore casualty

Question 215

Question 232. According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer 215

Primary Search-Rapid and systematic carried out simultaneously with fire attack. Secondary Search-Thorough and methodical undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. Conducted once fire control has been achieved.

Question 216

Question 233. According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 216

Withdraw- Indicates FF have enough time to exit the structure/position they are working in with all their equipment in a controlled manner. Given by IC in response to a tactical CAN report. Abandon- Indicates immediate threat to FF lives and must exit the structure/position immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.

Question 217

Question 234. As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

Answer 217

Worsening fire/smoke conditions Signs of structual collapse Previous unknown hazards eg. Acetylene Emergency radio message signalling: Loss of PAR Change to a defensive strategy via an order from the IC to withdraw or Abandon.

Question 218

Question 235. According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer 218

Pass TIC around side of the body of front FF and not over the shoulder.

Question 219

Question 236. According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 219

Uses appliances bulk & visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel/other emergency services/patients from oncoming traffic.

Question 220

Question 237. According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.

Answer 220

Eflare/strobe kit Hazard ahead sign witches hats

Question 221

Question 238. According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 221

Competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly.

Question 222

Question 239. According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

Answer 222

Mayday drag

Question 223

Question 240. According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer 223

Observe the patient until the ambulance arrives Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance If a patient previously refusing treatment losses consciousness, treat them

Question 224

Question 242. According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.

Answer 224

High visibilty torso garments Structual firefighting coat, multi purpose jacket, high vis vest, high vis raincoat. High vis trousers duty wear trousers, structural trousers

Question 225

Question 244. According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 225

Senior officer from NSW RFS present at the fire.

Question 226

Question 245. According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer 226

Max no. of persons permitted on ladder at any time is two. FF climbing ladder must ensure 3 points of contact. A FF must always foot the ladder by standing on the antislip feet & holding either rungs or handles. Maintain working angle of 4:1 For every 4m up the base of ladder must be a metre from wall.

Question 227

Question 246. According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer 227

LVL 1 rehab:- Recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehab capability. Uses equipment carried on front-line appliances. LVL 2 rehab:-Long duration incidents -circumstances where crew rotation is limited. -hot/dry or wet/cold conditions. -working conditions arduous. -BA usage & rotation is high. -conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehab cap. required.

Question 228

Question 247. According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer 228

FRNSW provides training and doctrine

Question 229

Question 248. According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 229

Task Tactical Strategic

Question 230

Question 249. Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).

Answer 230

Maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15min, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 min between exposures.

Question 231

Question 250. According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 231

Incident Safety Worksheet