LF PQA Flashcards

Question

According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight. LIST ONLY

Answer 1

1. Deployment – ensuring a steady, adequate and timely stream of appropriate resources at the incident, and knowing the position and function of each resource at all times. 2. Command - having a strong command presence from the outset of the incident. 3. Situation Evaluation – continuously collecting and evaluating information about the incident in order to determine critical factors. 4. Incident action planning – having an incident action plan that addresses the critical factors. 5. Incident communications – having efficient and effective incident communications to describe the flow of information within and out of the incident. 6. Incident structure – having an incident structure that is flexible and able to be scaled to meet the incident size and needs, with the ability to delegate functions and responsibilities as span of control is reached. 7. Review and revision – once in operation, reviewing and revising the strategy and plan, to keep it current with the changing needs of the incident. 8. Escalation and de-escalation – as additional officers or an Incident Management Team arrive, scaling up the strategic management level of the incident, and scaling down as operations conclude.

Answer 2

 The Incident Commander

Answer 3

 Longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)  Ducted ventilation  Natural ventilation  A combination of the above.

Answer 4

As initial arriving crews are tasked and deployed into the incident and threedeep deployment is established, there will be a need to begin resting fatigued crews. Crews can be rested in one of the following ways: • Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure. • Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.

Answer 5

• Life at risk phase – where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life. • Expanding phase – where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property. • Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost.

Answer 6

 Firefighters in the course of their duty.  Employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency.  Members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or  Other persons authorised by the commissioner.

Answer 7

 Excluding – the fires supply of oxygen ( smothering)  Suppressing – flammable vapours to stop them from igniting.  Cooling – the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition.

Answer 8

 Odourless  Colourless  Heavier than air

Answer 9

 B.L.E.V.E. – Boiling – Liquid – Expanding – Vapour – Explosion

Answer 10

 TIC – Thermal Imaging Camera  Infrared Thermometer  Wetting test

Answer 11

SISIACMR S Safe approach • Approach from an upwind position and establish an initial command area of a minimum radius of 50 m. • Avoid contact with damaged or leaking packages and suspected contaminated material. • First arriving personnel must record their entry and exit times from their BA tally and their proximity to the source and report this to the IRSO. The IRSO must estimate and record their dose. I Incident control • Notify FireCOM of the staging area for appliances. • Develop an incident action plan. Continue with the dynamic risk assessment until the incident is rendered safe. • Establish a multi-agency command post for major incidents. • Ensure communications that mention ‘radiation’ or specific details of the incident are by mobile phone, not over the radio. This will minimise alerting the public who may be listening to radio communications. S Scene security • Make an initial assessment of the affected area using the principles of time, distance, shielding. • Move victims for decontamination. Isolate victims in a safe holding area for further assessment by specialists. Note the victim’s position relative to the source and the time of decontamination. Report this information to the IRSO. • Consider the possibility of secondary devices. I Identify the hazard Identify the type of radiation and, if possible, the source of radiation from information such as: • labelling • on-site personnel • pre-incident plans • local emergency plans • hazardous material transport placards and manifests. A Assess potential harm • Is the package damaged? • Are other hazardous materials involved in the incident? • How many people have been exposed or contaminated? C Call in resources • Immediately request specialist hazmat resources. • Consider requesting IRSO, if required. • Ensure FireCOM notifies the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). M Monitor information • Fully assess the health hazards presented by the radiological source, including chemical and biological hazards, before committing crews. • Rotate crews frequently to minimize exposure time. • Monitor everyone exiting the Hot Zone for contamination. • Anyone working inside the Hot Zone must wear appropriate PPE and dosimeters. • Heavy Hazmat appliances carry radiation monitors and dosimeters tomonitor people and equipment exiting the Hot Zone. The IRSO: • Monitors the entry and exit times of individuals. • Uses a person’s dosimeter reading to record exposure on the Radiological Incident Dose Record. • Manages exposure to personnel. • Refers people for medical assessment, where required. R Render safe and decontaminate Render safe • Stop the leak at the source, or control the spill and dyke the area using absorbent material. • Use mechanical aids, eg mechanical arms or shovels to move packages. • Move undamaged and uncontaminated packages from the area, if possible. • EPA is responsible for the final site clean-up. • Use the Site handover form to hand over to EPA or the relevant authority. • FRNSW may be requested to assist the EPA manage the radiation exposure during site remediation. Decontaminate • Decontaminate in accordance with SOG 10.4 Decontamination. • Ensure people are decontaminated before their exposure is recorded.

Answer 12

 Stage 1 – Abuse factor (Thermal, Electrical or Mechanical abuse)  Stage 2 – Off-gas generation ( occurs regardless of cell form-factor)  Stage 3 – Smoke generation (catastrophic failure is imminent)  Stage 4 – Fire generation (likelihood of propagation drastically increases)

Answer 13

NIIENM Form within 24 hours

Answer 14

If the injured person is unable to submit the report, their Supervisor or co-worker can submit it on their behalf.

Answer 15

 State Emergency and Rescue Management (SERM) Act (NSW) 1989

Answer 16

 Senior Police Officer

Answer 17

 Y – Yourself and other rescuers  O – Other persons not involved ( bystanders)  U – Unfortunate person(s) involved

Answer 18

 One firefighter in full structural turnout PPC and SCBA  A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kpa, pump with recirculation valve open  If a fire occurs, charge to 800kpa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.

Answer 19

H O T S  H – Heated or extremely low temperatures  O – Oxygen deficient or enriched environment  T – Toxic atmospheres  S – Smoke

Answer 20

Keys To Private Premises Deposit of Keys

Answer 21

When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit an Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form within 8 days. If the form is not submitted within 8 days, the Zone may be accountable for the cost of repairs. The Director Fleet will contact the Zone Commander.

Answer 22

Fire permits issued within the ‘Bushfire Danger Period’ will be valid for a period of 7 days from the date of issue.

Answer 23

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire.

Answer 24

 At EICIE (Emergency Intercom Control & Indicating Equipment ) Chief Wardens Handset  Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone  Within 4 m of exit on each storey  Within emergency lift shafts  Adjacent to FDCIE (Fire Detection Control & Indicating Equipment ) if remote from EICIE

Answer 25

 Main stop valve  Test drain  Sprinkler test facility  Sprinkler alarm valve  System pressure gauge  Deluge valve  Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

Answer 26

 TURNING POWER OFF – Firefighters can turn off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard.  ISOLATING POWER – Energy authority disconnect power from the network.

Answer 27

1. On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so 2. Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away 3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch 4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident 5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power

Answer 28

 Green ES (energy storage) sticker

Answer 29

Use caution when approaching the device as thermal runaway and vapour release may occur without warning. If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water. • Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water. • Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water. • Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device. • If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes. Note: an increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event is occurring. • Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event. Notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device. FireCOM will send a notification to FIRU,

Answer 30

 Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.  Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.

Answer 31

 Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing.  Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.

Answer 32

 Multi-purpose helmet  Goggles  Multi-purpose Jacket  GP gloves / Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack)  Duty wear trousers  Firefighting boots  P2 mask

Answer 33

 LINE DEFENCE- A line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.  EMBER DEFENCE- An ember defence is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire front and pull back to safer refuge if needed.  BACKSTOP DEFENCE- A backstop defence is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes. After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire. This type of defence is used when firefighters have run out of all other options

Answer 34

There are the following hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices: • Thermal runaway. A damaged Lithium-ion battery may go into thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is a term used to describe the rapid uncontrolled release of heat energy from a battery cell – a condition when the battery creates more heat than it can effectively dissipate. Once in thermal runaway the cell is in an uncontrollable, selfheating state and there can be extremely high temperatures, violent cell venting, flammable vapour, and fire. Surrounding cells may also be affected through thermal propagation, which can then send them into thermal runaway. Anyone in close proximity to a battery in thermal runaway may be injured. • Extreme fire behaviour. If thermal runaway occurs, it can lead to extreme fire behaviour where the build-up of flammable vapours in a compartment exceeds the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). Firefighters entering the compartment may be exposed to a vapour cloud exposion when an airpath is created. • Release of toxic vapour and gases. The chemical compound of the battery depends on the battery design and manufacture. Vapours and gases that may vent include: − Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as alkyl-carbonates, methane, ethylene, and ethane. − Hydrogen gas. − Carbon dioxide. − Carbon monoxide − Soot. − Particulates containing oxides of nickel, aluminium, lithium, copper, and cobalt. − Phosphorus pentafluoride, Phosphoryl fluoride, or Hydrogen fluoride vapours. Toxic vapour can ignite and cause an explosion. Anyone in the vicinity may be injured by an explosion. Firefighters may inhale vapour or gas if not fully protected by PPE. • Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes. Electrolytes contain volatile hydrocarbon-based liquid and dissolved lithium salts. Spills are likely to evaporate rapidly, leaving a white salt residue. Evaporated electrolyte is flammable and contains alkyl-carbonate compounds. Leaked electrolyte is colourless and characterised by a sweet odour. Firefighters may be injured by ignition of the electrolyte or it may lead to expansion of the incident. Firefighters may suffer skin irritation and respiratory illness if not protected by PPE. • Stranded energy. There may be stranded energy – energy that cannot be removed – in the battery, creating an electrical hazard. FRNSW is unable to discharge, recover, or identify cells or modules containing stranded energy. There is the risk to firefighters of electric shock from Direct Current (DC), Alternating Current (AC), or energised conductive material in contact with the battery. • Projectiles. There may be projectiles as cells are ejected under pressure from the battery case during fire or explosion. Firefighters may be hit and injured by a projectile. • Secondary ignition. Secondary ignition may occur without warning at any time after the initial event, even up to months later. A secondary ignition is a fire occurring as a result of a second thermal runaway event (not directly related to the initial event). This second event has the same risks as the initial event.

Answer 35

 1:4 outlet 4x larger than the inlet

Answer 36

The Vapour Space  The container‘s vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial and is to be considered a high priority area for cooling.

Answer 37

 Set back approximately the height of the door

Answer 38

• The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant: − Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is a suspected contaminant. − Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced from providing first aid. − Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke. • Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags. • A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.

Answer 39

 Number on box indicates the number of Co2 cylinders required to be injected.

Answer 40

Voltage gradient on the ground Electricity always seeks the shortest and easiest conductive path to earth. However, if electricity is released onto the ground surface, such as when a live wire falls to the ground, the electricity will fan out from the point of contact. This is known as voltage gradient. There is a rippling effect that is like dropping a pebble into calm water. In the pool of water the wave created at the point of contact gets smaller as it rings out.Similarly, in the pool of electricity the energy is at full system voltage at the point of ground contact, but drops progressively as you move away from the contact point. The voltage gradient varies depending on: • Composition of the ground – eg concrete, road surface, soil • Moisture content • Voltage of the electrical source

Answer 41

• Metals (eg copper, aluminium, steel) – including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing • Human body • Timber and trees • Flame and dense smoke • Vehicle tyres • Some fire extinguishing mediums • Wet or dirty rope • Water – including hose lines

Answer 42

• Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise. • Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard. • If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone. • Have the electricity company isolate power. • When leaving the incident site, if possible, provide information to the owner or other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place.

Answer 43

1 x pair of insulating gloves 1 x pair of leather overgloves 2 x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue Stored in 1 x electrical safety kit bag

Answer 44

To wear electrical gloves: • Put on electrical gloves first. • Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage. • The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove. • The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC

Answer 45

 Possible terrorist incident  Crime investigation  Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management  Rescue incident

Answer 46

• Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator. • While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information – eg pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities. • Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed. Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter. • At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility. • Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Answer 47

 Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety‖

Answer 48

• Contribute to the station's community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities • Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank • Contribute to the Station's operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment • Assist with investigations into the cause of fires • Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan • Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station

Answer 49

As a general rule in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain Fire Control and stop conditions sorsening. Subsequent available crews will be tasked with conducting search and rescue. Crews conducting search and rescue must ensure they have a hose line to conteol the conditions in their location and the abiliety to conduct Fire Attack should the situation require.

Answer 50

Base pump should always be the largest capacity appliance  5 lengths 70 Dia between Base and Relay pump  7 lengths 70 Dia between Relay – Relay / Relay - Fireground pump.  Once initial single supply line is charged and water on the fireground a second line is to be established.  700kpa max pressure up to fire ground pump.Fireground pump can have any pressure.

Answer 51

 Natural: Fire which starts by a natural act without human influence. (Lightning strike, natural auto-ignition, thermal heating, natural oxidation reactions)  Accidental: Fire which starts accidentally from human activity or infulence. (Discarded smoking materials, heaters and fireplaces, cooking applicances, candles or wick devices, mathces/lighters, gas equiptment and or piping, refulling accidents, sparks from machiniery, faulty electrical equipment)  Incendiary: Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act. (Arson, murder, suicide)  Undetermined: Fire where the cause cannot be identified. (Destroyed or lack of evidence, inconclusive or ambiguous findings)

Answer 52

Escape As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access. Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid. Hide If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place. Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation. Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information. Tell The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

Answer 53

Duties of BA Control Operators BACOs: • Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible. • Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board. • Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan. • Calculate and monitor entry and exit times. • Monitor all radio communications within the sector. • When exit time is reached: − Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader. − If unable to contact, notify their Commander. − Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC. • Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area. • Provide updates to their Commander as required. A second radio transceiver may be required for communicating on the tactical channel. • Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use. This is indicated by the red tag from the EDBA twin manifold being attached to the wearer’s yellow tally on the board. • Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA. • Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use: − With air trolley BA (ATBA). − On aerial appliances. − With auxiliary facemask from another BA set. − With an extension airline from a standalone BA set.

Answer 54

 Additional Personal Protection (APP).

Answer 55

When to use P2 particle masks Use P2 masks to protect against: • Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood. • Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet. • The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke. • Contamination by body fluids. Do not use P2 particle masks to protect against: • Gases. • Mists. • Elevated temperatures. • Vapours. • Atmospheres with less than 19.5% oxygen. Low oxygen levels can indicate the presence of other contaminants. Always investigate low oxygen levels.

Answer 56

• Life at risk phase – where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life.

Answer 57

 Enter without undue delay  Enter with the minimum of structural damage.  Enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible.

Answer 58

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA)

Answer 59

 To use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control.  To establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or CommCen with superfluous data.  To ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Answer 60

 Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.  Operation of valves and other industrial processes.  Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers.

Answer 61

De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.

Answer 62

White - Chief warden, Deputy chief warden, Communications officer Yellow - Floor Warden, Area Warden Red - Wardens White Croff on a Green Background - First Aid Officer

Answer 63

Code 3 On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address). Code 6 Incident in Rural Fire District. Code 4 Available for response. If not returning to station, give destination, eg FireCOM, Pumper 53, Code 4, returning to stand by at 60 Station. Code 1 Responding to an incident or move-up – should include a clarification when the appliance is travelling under normal road conditions. Code 7 Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available.

Answer 64

Fire Control Room features A Fire Control Room is usually at or below ground level. Features include: • a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation • two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit • Fire Indicator Panel • Fire Fan Control Panel • Master Emergency Control Panel • controls for fire pumps • Security Alarm and Control Panels • telephone (direct line outside) • whiteboard, corkboard and plan table • Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics).

Answer 65

Before cutting any ISP, conduct a risk assessment. Important issues to consider include: • if there is sufficient time and resources available. • leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting • electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels • the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores • Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut. • An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air; Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs. (Additional information contained in GSD Section 5)

Answer 66

5 1:5 (From 1:3 - 1:7) Optimum is 5 - maximum is 7

Answer 67

 7 ( Front, Rear, Both sides, Top, Bottom and Inside )

Answer 68

 If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.

Answer 69

P - Papa H – Hotel O - Oscar S - Sierra G - Golf E - Echo N - November E - Echo

Answer 70

 NSW Police will determine which emergency service will send a rescue unit to rescue incidents

Answer 71

 Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.  Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report.  Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness or Near-Miss ( NIIENM ) form is completed.

Answer 72

FRNSW guides firefighters and commanders by outlining our priorities at an incident: • The first priority is the safety of firefighters. • The second priority is protecting savable lives. • The third priority is protecting savable property and the environment. Resources should not be committed to save what is already lost

Answer 73

Onsite decontamination  Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.

Answer 74

Like all residents, must follow Fire danger rating instructions and their bushfire survival plan - Do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in the area of activity from spot fires and ember attack -Are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations -Must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate -After the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front

Answer 75

being at risk Further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly

Answer 76

Workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02 grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath (i.e. 0.02mg%) 1 .

Answer 77

 Notify all personnel in the collapse zone.  Notify SO / Sector Commander  Evacuate premises  Set up exclusion zone  Use appropriate water streams.

Answer 78

100 code and detailed message  The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code. The code is passed tou eAIRS, but, on return to station, the eAIRS needs to be updated to reflect the nature of the incident.

Answer 79

 LOOKOUTS– Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.  AWARENESS – Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them,  including: − the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography − observation of smoke colour, direction and column − fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and trees − hydration of themselves and others.  COMMUNICATIONS – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.  ESCAPE ROUTES – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.  SAFETY ZONES – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.

Answer 80

Catastrophic FBI 100 + • Uncontrollable extremely fast and intense, spot fires 20 km. • No structure is guaranteed safe, lives may be lost Extreme FBI: 50 – 99 • Uncontrollable, very fast and intense, spot fires 6 km. • Only prepared houses offer safety; house and life loss possible. High FBI: 25 – 49 • Difficult to control, spot fires 2 km. • Housing may come under increased threat. Moderate FBI: 12 – 24 • Controllable, spot fires very close and less likely. • Prepared houses offer good safety. No rating FBI: 0 – 11 • Fires easily controllable, spot fires very unlikely

Answer 81

Clear Concise and Factual

Answer 82

Offensive strategy FRNSW initiates offensive operations at bushfires. The factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew. Direct attack is at the fire edge to extinguish or control the flames directly, eg applying water, smothering with foam or soil, beating, or starving of fuel by raking the fuel into the fire. This then becomes the established control line. Parallel attack is used to control the intensity of the fire. A fire line is constructed parallel to, and just far enough from the fire edge, to allow firefighters and equipment to work effectively away from heat and smoke. There are many factors that determine the distance from the edge including terrain; number of firefighters available; fire’s rate of spread; the fire’s intensity. Indirect attack involves falling back some distance from the fire perimeter – this could be up to a few kilometres at times – and burning back from a strong control line such as natural barriers, roads, tracks, firebreaks, or from trails or fire lines constructed. Where a fire is too intense for direct or parallel attack eg when flame height is greater than 3 metres, spotting is occurring, or the terrain is inaccessible to firefighters, the indirect method of control may be used. If the fire’s behaviour is too severe, an indirect attack may only be possible on the flanks of the fire. Defensive strategy Line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack (eg the fire is not intense, weather conditions are favourable), but there are not enough resources to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property. Ember is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire or pull back to a safer refuge, until the main fire front has passed. Backstop is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings; the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to suitable safe refuges, with the intention of coming back after the fire passes. Safeguarding strategy When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety

Answer 83

 LEVEL 2 PPE  Multi-purpose helmet  Goggles  Multi-purpose Jacket Protective hood (carried)  GP gloves / Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack)  Duty wear trousers  Firefighting boots  P2 mask

Answer 84

Dizziness Weakness Nausea

Answer 85

 GOING – The fire is spreading on one or more flanks, and effective control strategies are not in place for the entire perimeter.  BEING CONTROLLED – Effective strategies are in operation or planned for the entire perimeter.  CONTAINED – The entire perimeter is behind identifiable control lines. Mop up and patrol have started.  PATROL – Firefighting resources are only required for patrol purposes and major reignition is unlikely.  OUT – The fire is totally blacked out and can be removed from the list of current fires.

Answer 86

− Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards. − Defensive – operating away from the hazards.

Answer 87

 The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information. The IAP must adress the objectives for all incidents: To save and protect lives To prevent the incident from expanding beyond a deliberately chosen boundry To minimise further consequesnces of the incident on the community

Answer 88

The first Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire. The first crew will take a High-rise (Remote) Access Pack. The Sector Commander will: • identify the fire location from the Fire Indicator Panel (FIP), Sub Indicator Panel (SIP) or occupants • brief the Pump Operator according to the situation. Actions may include: − monitor communications − establish BA Control − leave lift/fire control room/pump room keys for next arriving stations − send a sitrep message to the ComCen as instructed by the Station Commander and provide a sitrep to next arriving officer. • go to the reported fire floor with the crew using the emergency lift to the floor below the fire floor—if safe to use—or the fire stairs • familiarise the crew with floor layout • charge a line of 38mm hose from the fire stairs or the floor below before entering the fire floor • use the fire stairs to the fire floor • conduct fire operations on the fire floor.

Answer 89

 120 metres

Answer 90

 Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force( ADF ) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.  Act as the lead agency in Urban Search and Rescue ( USAR ) operations, if required.  If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.

Answer 91

 Bulk – More than 4 tonnes ( net ) , or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages.  Flatbed storage – A Single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes.  Ventilated – Containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated.  Sealed – A grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.

Answer 92

 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus ( SCBA ).  Extended Duration Breathing Apparatus ( EDBA ), An SCBA set in a twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as a single cylinder SCBA.  Airline Respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air. These sources include: - Air Trolley Breathing Apparatus ( ATBA ), a mobile trolley with compressed air cylinders, a valve assembly and an airline connected to an extension facemask. - An independent SCBA set. - SCBA worn by a firefighter: An extension mask and airline worn by a second person which is attached to the auxiliary connection of an SCBA or EDBA set worn by a firefighter.

Answer 93

 Standard Decontamination – is implemented where there is no life at risk.  Emergency Decontamination – is implemented where there is a life at risk ( a person is rescued from the Hot Zone ), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination.  Mass Decontamination – is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.

Answer 94

 TIME – Minimise the duration of exposure.  DISTANCE – Maximise the distane from the radiological source.  SHIELDING – Maximise shielding between radiological source and people.

Answer 95

 ALPHA  BETA  GAMMA and X-RAY

Answer 96

 Minimise disturbance – ie. Restrict salvage and overhaul work.  Keep it lightly dampened down with Fog spray.  Apply a bonding agent such as foam blanket or coloured PVA / Water mix.  Bag into marked asbestos containment bags.  Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheet.

Answer 97

Friable - Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples are loose-fill insulation, pipe lagging, and firedamaged ACM. Nonfriable - Previously known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. (Non-friable ACM that has been reduced to powder by fire or severe impact will become friable.) Examples include fibre cement sheeting (‘fibro’), corrugated or moulded fibre cement, and electrical switchboards.

Answer 98

 4 new PIP‘s per platoon each year

Answer 99

 Ensure that hydrants work when needed.  Notify water authorities of problems with hydrants.  Familiarise crews with hydrants in their area.

Answer 100

Immediate or as soon as possible

Answer 101

Integrity and service

Answer 102

Declare and register with Professional Standards any gift or benefit that is over the value of $50, and/or not token in nature.

Answer 103

• Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances • Indirect contact transmission • Droplet transmission • Airborne transmission • Gastrointestinal transmission • Vector borne (Zoonotic) transmission.

Answer 104

 MICROSIEVERT (Sv)

Answer 105

 Concentration of exposure - Greater quantities of inhaled fibres will increase the likelihood of developing disease.  Duration of exposure – The longer the duration you are exposed, the greater the likelihood of developing disease.  Fibre Characteristics – The types of fibres inhaled have an effect on the likelihood of developing disease. Shorter, straight fibres are more likely to be breathed deeper into the lungs.  Other exposures – Exposures to other hazardous materials may compound the likelihood of developing disease. For instance, people who have smoked have a much greater likelihood of developing an asbestos related disease.

Answer 106

 Hot Zone – Where no personnel enter until a DRA ( Dynamic Risk Assessment ) determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.  Warm Zone – Where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations.  Cold Zone – Where the Incident Contro; Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control.

Answer 107

 STAGE 1 – Residents removed from immediate danger – evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor.  STAGE 2 ( FRNSW are likely to be involved from this stage ) – Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency ( fire, smoke, gas ) – evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or other floor below the emergency.  STAGE 3 – Residents completely evacuated from the building- evacuated to a nominated safe assembly area.

Answer 108

When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, safeguarding  WARN – tailored to the current situation and locality.  ESCORTS (MOVE ) – support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location.  PROTECTS community members to ensure their safety – when moving to a safer location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary.

Answer 109

 Fire Control Room ( FCR )

Answer 110

 Industrial complexes – some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly.  High-rise buildings – lights or lifts may be needed during the evacuation of residents.  Healthcare facilities – life-sustaining equipment may be in use.

Answer 111

heavy-duty double-sided tape

Answer 112

 RED – High risk incidents  BLUE – Medium risk incidents  GREEN – Low risk incident

Answer 113

For the purposes of this Part, a person sexually harasses another person if— (a) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or (b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Answer 114

Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift, e.g. rescue, hazmat, pumper or aerial operator qualifications. Duty Commanders can refuse applications for part or full change of shift if the replacement firefighter does not have the required qualifications. A firefighter cannot perform a full or part change of shift whilst on leave.

Answer 115

The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least 24 hours in advance.

Answer 116

hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

Answer 117

Zone Commanders and Managers are to ensure that each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace is inspected by 31 May each year.

Answer 118

Stand-by mode 1. Connect up to four 70mm hoses from the feed or street hydrant to the collector. 2. Connect an equal number of 70mm hoses from deliveries to booster inlets. 3. Remove leather strap and test movement of the main wheel valve. 4. Note the reading on the booster pressure gauge. 5. Advise IC ―Hydrant / Sprinkler booster is now in Standby mode‖ 6. Await instructions from the IC to go to another mode.  Activation mode 1. Determine the required operating pressure from the IC. 2. Connect up to four hoses from feed or street hydrant to the collector and open the feed hydrants. 3. Connect equal number of 70mm hoses from the deliveries to the boost inlets and open deliveries. NOTE: The pump is bypassing the main wheel valve and supplying water at the same pressure 4. Remove the leather strap and close main wheel valve. ( This will prevent backflow and contamination of the public water supply ). 5. Advise IC ― Hydrant booster is now in Activation mode at ….kpa‖ 6. Maintain pressure and flow, especially when hydrant pump is running. 7. Await instructions from the IC to vary the pressure or go to another mode.  Deactivation mode 1. Reduce pressure and disengage pump. 2. Open the main wheel valve and restore the leather strap. 3. Shut off feed hydrants to the collectors. 4. Shut down the deliveries to the boost inlets. 5. Remove the hose 6. Shut down the hydrant pump to further reduce pressure if required

Answer 119

SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work Commissioner's Safety Statement Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022 FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary Workplace Evacuation Diagrams WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow Safety information and Contacts Safety Representatives Template First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations) Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)

Answer 120

 Intruders may still be in the building.  A real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.

Answer 121

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

Answer 122

 A dust explosion occurs in a confined space.

Answer 123

 During refuelling, firefighters in full PPE will stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted.  Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors as this may cause catastrophic failure of the rotors and cause serious injury or death for people nearby.  Wen life is not at risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to the aircraft before applying foam or water streams.  When life is at risk, the NSWFB Commander should direct firefighters to apply foam to a fuel fire immediately.

Answer 124

 The type of fuel in the fire.  Size of the fire.  Size of the internal openings.  Height of the building.  The weather.

Answer 125

 The staging officer failed to communicate to the IC that resources were low.

Answer 126

The ESP system cannot be disabled in Scania P320 pumpers. Scania P320 pumpers should not be driven on a surface likely to result in significant wheel slippage. If drivers of Scania P320 pumpers are continually activating the ESP system, they are travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour.

Answer 127

A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or thing; for example, an acetylene cylinder; a hazardous manual task; or the way work is done. Hazards are often grouped into categories by their type, for instance: Physical hazards - such as plant & equipment Chemical hazards - such as hazardous substances Ergonomic hazards - such as hazardous manual tasks Psychosocial hazards - such as critical incidents A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard The level of risk is dependant on two factors: 1. Consequence / Severity of potential harm 2. Likelihood of occurring

Answer 128

 Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC ( or Operations Officer if in place ).  Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander. If this affects strategy and tactics, inform the IC so that the incident action plan can be reviewed.  Communicate with commanders, to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented.  Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health, or welfare of personnel. Through the appropriate commander, ensure all those at the incident are properly briefed on these hazards, including measures to eliminate, prevent, or mitigate risks.  Assist the IC to complete the operational risk assessment and the risk assessment worksheet. Alternatively, conduct the operational risk assessment for the IC and communicate the assessment to the IC.  Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place – eg breathing apparatus control, rehabilitation, health monitoring  Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.  Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.  Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan  Confirm that all those at the incident are aware of the location of the hazard zone, any exclusion zones, and any other designated areas.

Answer 129

 Don‘t walk on spongy roofs. Sponginess in the roof is usually a sign that structural members have been weakened.  Take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling.  Exercise caution when working near electrical wires.  Ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing correct protective equipment.  Watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards.  Apply extreme caution when using power tools.  Keep a firm footing.  Always have a means of retreat.

Answer 130

He may not enter under any circumstances A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must: (a) ensure that: (i) any premises at the site are not entered, and (ii) goods are not interfered with or removed from any such premises, otherwise than by persons who can establish their identity and authority to do so, and (b) report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.

Answer 131

 More fully size up the incident.  Directly supervise the crew.  Assist the crew with task level work if needed.  Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages

Answer 132

 Firefighting medium  Type of reaction and PPE required, Dilute or Contain.  E means consider evacuation.

Answer 133

• starvation; • smothering; • cooling; and • interruption of the flame chain reaction.

Answer 134

 It is likely to damage cargo  It may react dangerously with cargo  It can affect a ships stability  It always presents danger of flooding  NSWFB equipment may not fit ship-board connections.

Answer 135

 Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC.  Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows.  Always having charged lines of hose.  Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity.

Answer 136

 The greater fire risk in this type of engine is in the ancillary equipment. This equipment is usually housed in a bay behind the cylinders. The fire risk in this area is in the oil pumps, generators, carburetors, and superchargers and in the pipework and wiring.  In piston engines, fires are often caused by rich fuel mixtures. Halons or CO2 are most effective in controlling these fires.

Answer 137

a break from these tasks should be taken at least every four hours.

Answer 138

14.2.2 Where does ventilation need to be carried out? The answer to this question involves: • the nature and proximity of exposures; • the size of the fire; • the seat of the fire; • the wind and weather conditions; • the type of building construction; and • the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.

Answer 139

 At least 20 minutes.

Answer 140

 Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people, clothing and equipment to prevent exposure to a contaminant and minimise spread of the contaminant.

Answer 141

 Do not engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines.  Keep vehicles and people a minimum 25 metres clear of a fire burning fire under or near power lines.  Only knock down flames > 2m high isolated flames spots or smoldering logs that are not producing a convection column or heavy smoke plume. In such cases: - Never direct the hose stream into power line. - Never direct the hose stream into a smoke plume that is near (ie less than 25 metres) or reaching power lines. Keep stream no higher than a person‘s head. - Never direct the hose stream at a burning bush or tree (more than head height) in a power line easement.

Answer 142

Before you can operate a hydrant, you must attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. Hydrants have three types of deliveries: • double delivery; • elbow delivery; and • standpipe delivery.

Answer 143

 BA crew failed to notify BACO when donning heir BA

Answer 144

 Decontamination Officer.  Wash operator.  Wash Assistant.  Disrobe assistant.  Pump operator.

Answer 145

 Characteristic burn pattern.  Indication of fire trailers.  Rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials.  Unusual Odours.  Damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

Answer 146

Firefighters providing fire protection during refuelling must wear full personal protective equipment (PPE), including:  Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves  Flash hood  SCBA  Ear plugs which provide sufficient protection at 50m.

Answer 147

flammable matter includes— (a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and (b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

Answer 148

 Class 3 – A major bushfire where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of ―Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997

Answer 149

 Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place  Name command.  Select an appropriate command position – ie: Fast attack or stationary.

Answer 150

 Being more than 25 metres high.  Having more than 10 levels.

Answer 151

14.4 Before ventilating a building, you should determine the existence of the following four conditions: • the seat of the fire has been located; • crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines; • back-up crews are ready to enter; and • communications have been established amongst all crews.

Answer 152

ACT - USE OF WATER DIVISION 1 - 15 A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge— (a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and (b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade. The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

Answer 153

The key principles of AIIMS are: • Flexibility – the method must be able to be applied across all types of incidents, with an incident structure and plans that reflect the needs of the incident. • Management by objectives – for every incident a set of objectives must be identified and a plan developed for managing those objectives. There can only be one set of objectives and one incident action plan. • Functional management – there are eight functional areas, or activates, that need to be managed – ie Control, Planning, Intelligence, Public Information, Operations, Investigation, Logistics and Finance. The Incident Commander is responsible for all functional areas but may choose to delegate one or more of the functions, depending upon the size and nature of the incident. • Unity of command – there must be only one Incident Commander; each individual must only report to one supervisor. • Span of control – an individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio), but this can vary between 1:3 to 1:7, depending upon the activity, geography, or nature of the incident

Answer 154

Search and rescue have been completed and the Incident Controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.

Answer 155

1. 2 pumps tasked, 1 pump on deck, 5 pumps in staging.  PUMP 1 ~ Hot zone .  Pump 2 ~ On deck at the edge of the Warm zone.  PUMPS 3 – 8 ~ In staging area waiting to be deployed. 2. 2 pumps tasked, 1 pump recycling, 1 pump on deck, 4 pumps in staging.  PUMP 1 ~ Hot zone.  PUMP 2 ~ Recycling in the Warm zone.  PUMP 3 ~ At edge of Warm zone.  PUMPS 4-8 ~ In Staging area waiting to be deployed.  Crews in Hot zone have assigned tasks.  On – deck crews are unassigned and ready to rapidly intervene if necessary next into the Hot zone.  Crews in staging unassigned ready to be deployed and assigned tasks when necessary.

Answer 156

All employees are responsible for: Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect; Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion; Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.

Answer 157

career development operational capability compassionate issues/staff welfare location based transfers performance/dicipliary

Answer 158

 The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of extinguishing medium.

Answer 159

We draw water from three types of mains: • trunk mains that supply water from the original source to a secondary distribution point; • distributary mains that supply water from the secondary distribution point to sub-divided areas such as a suburb; and • reticulation mains that feed off distributary mains and feed individual streets and buildings.

Answer 160

 EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal Imaging Cameras ( due to the insulating properties of the panels ) and can spread to areas remote to the fire origin.  Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates a secondary pool of fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse.  There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.  Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.  Sudden loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.

Answer 161

 Civil  Military  Helicopters ( civil and military )

Answer 162

A coed 6 must be transmitted:  Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-In-Charge ( OIC ) of an FRNSW appliance thatthey have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District. With the Code 1 message if it is known at the timeof the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District.

Answer 163

Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking. • Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present. • Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool. • Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.

Answer 164

 Any increase in the noise level from the valve  Any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.

Answer 165

 The response time for requested support.  The requirements for relief crews and refreshments.  Whether a change of shift might be necessary.

Answer 166

1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge— (a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and (b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade. The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

Answer 167

Straight Talk

Answer 168

Employee Assistance Program

Answer 169

 When the last resource leaves the incident.

Answer 170

Situation evaluation is the continual process of collecting information and evaluating it to determine the incident’s critical factors. Situation evaluation ends only when command ends. Situation evaluation aims to establish a list of critical factors for a particular time slice of the incident cycle. It is the first step in developing a risk-managed incident action plan, which changes over time as new information is collected and evaluated.

Answer 171

Thermal imaging camers are not intrinsically safe. Do not use these cameras in potentially flammable atmospheres.

Answer 172

An Incident Action Plan ( IAP ) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident. The IAP usually describes:  The risk assessment.  The strategy and objectives, including notes relating to critical factors.  The incident structure, showing the resources being used or needed.  The layout of the incident ( mud map ) .  Any other information relevant to resolve or control, such as incoming resources.

Answer 173

 SMALL - One hose lay can cover the entire structure.  MEDIUM – One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure.  LARGE – One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure.  VERY LARGE – One hose will cover 25% of the structure.  MEGA – One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure. Hose lay is considered to be 50 metres – ie two 30 metre lengths of hose which includes 10 metres from the entry point.

Answer 174

 CONFIRMATION of address.  CONDITIONS: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.  ACTIONS: Initial Incident Action Plan ( IAP ); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.  NEEDS: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol ( ARP ) or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements ( FireCOM will confirm the availability of requested resources )

Answer 175

 Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting. As with AIRS, only one report is required per activity attended, even where multiple stations were involved.

Answer 176

A ‘simple’ prescribed burn is characterised by low risk, low intensity, small area, low potential impact on assets, completion in one shift and minimal variation of fuel and terrain. A ‘complex’ prescribed burn is characterised by moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, medium to large areas, significant potential impact on assets and involve a variety of fuels and terrain.

Answer 177

Pile burns may be carried out to dispose of vegetation resulting from the following activities: • removal of bushfire fuels • bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council • agricultural activities

Answer 178

Burning is not permitted in a fire district on days when: • there is a total fire ban (TOBAN) • the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted) • the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23** **The RFS allows burning on days with FBI greater than 23. If FRNSW is assisting RFS with a prescribed burn, they may be required to continue assisting on these days.

Answer 179

Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual. This includes equipment which has not been obtained via the Electronic Supply Catalogue (ESCAT) or through an approved Request Purchase Order (RPO

Answer 180

 Don‘t send sensitive information across an open channel. Many non-NSWFB people monitor radio transmissions.  Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should e sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face to face.  Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g.fatlities.

Answer 181

 There is no legislated power of entry into a building when conducting a PIP inspection. PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders.

Answer 182

Inward Adze Roll Technique Fork Drive Outward Adze (drive and steer)

Answer 183

1. Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry- Through a window, wait for keys etc. Conduct 360 of premises, trying all windows and doors. 2. Gap – Usually starting with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap. A second fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to “strike” Halligan tool to get a start. 3. Set – With a gap established between the door and frame (a wedge may be required), manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the Adze or fork end of the tool, depending on situation. 4. Force- Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. Two fire fighters may be required for some doors. 5. Control – Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.

Answer 184

FIRE ATTACK crew never ignores a casualty, SEARCH & RESCUE crew never ignores a fire.

Answer 185

The Objective is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into two components: The PRIMARY SEARCH is rapid and systematic, usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack, if fire conditions and crew response allow. A SECONDARY SEARCH is more thorough and methodical, undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. The secondary search is often conducted once Fire control has been achieved and at times can be done simultaneously with ventilation.

Answer 186

 WITHDRAW – This indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner.It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report. An example of a message given to a Sector Commander or crew would be: ― Sector Commander Bravo we are changing strategy to defensive for the entire structure withdraw all crews and report PARS on exit ―. If there is more than one sector then this would be conveyed to all sectors.  ABANDON - This indicates there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse. An example of a message is: ― All sectors roof collapse imminent, we are going defensive strategy. Abandon your position and report if you do not have PAR “. The term Abandon should be the exception rather than the rule.

Answer 187

• Worsening fire/smoke conditions • Signs of structural collapse (see STP 33Z) • Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene • Emergency Radio Message signaling: o Loss of PAR o Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon

Answer 188

If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams then it is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder.

Answer 189

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic

Answer 190

Eflare or strobe kit, Hazard Ahead sign, barrier and hazmat Hotzone Tape, witch's hats and breakdown road triangle.

Answer 191

Monthly Inspection - completed by firefighters at station Six Monthly, Annual and Five yearly Service completed by a 'competent person'.

Answer 192

 MAYDAY DRAG

Answer 193

 Place and orient the advanced warning sign on the footpath where it is clearly visible to road users at a distance twice the prescribed speed limit in metres from the start of the work area to a maximum of 140 m, or at the next intersection.  Position the vehicle safely and turn on the emergency beacons and hazard warning lights to warn approaching traffic.  Ensure that a line of traffic cones is placed from the warning sign to the vehicle, spaced evenly to provide a safe work area.  If necessary, appoint spotters to monitor traffic. IF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS BECOME DANGEROUS, MOVE TO SAFETY IMMEDIATELY.

Answer 194

Whenever working on or near roadways, firefighters must wear a high visibility torso garment. These can include:  Structural firefighting coat.  Multi-purpose coat.  High visibility vest.  High visibility raincoat.  Dutywear trousers.  Structural firefighting trousers.

Answer 195

 Position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on msolid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles.  Mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials.  Clear all loose debris from the area, e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site.  In dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require some wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take-off.  During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the windand facing inwards 45 deg to the approach linewith their headlights on. Ensure that the strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.

Answer 196

 The senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller.

Answer 197

The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two. Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders. Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung. An firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder. Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall. If the head extends 8 metres up the wall, the base must be 2 metres from the wall, etc

Answer 198

 LEVEL 1 REHAB – - Recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability. - Uses equipment carried on front line firefighting appliances. - Generally the IC manages L1 Rehab.  LEVEL 2 REHAB – - Recommended for long duration incidents. - In circumstances where crew rotation is limited. - Hot and dry, or cold and wet, conditions. - Where working conditions are arduous. - Where breathing apparatus usage is high. - Where conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required. - Generally the IC appoints a dedicated Rehab Officer for these incidents.

Answer 199

 Training  Doctrine

Answer 200

 Task  Tactical  Strategic

Answer 201

The short term exposure limit (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

Answer 202

 Incident Safety Worksheet

Answer 203

• Nerve or G agents • Blister agents or H agents (vesicants – skin & eye irritants) • Blood agents (chemical asphyxiants) • Choking agents (respiratory irritants) • Riot control ???

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