lgal and ethical and enviromental issues

Question 1

Cyber Security

Answer 1

Ethical Issues:

Users expect their data to be kept private and secure.
Organizations have a moral duty to protect personal data from breaches.
Legal Issues:

Data Protection Laws (e.g., GDPR) require companies to handle data responsibly.
Cyber attacks like phishing, malware, and ransomware are criminal offenses.
Environmental Issues:

Cybersecurity systems require energy-intensive servers and infrastructure.
Privacy Risk:

Breaches can expose personal, financial, or health information.

Question 2

Mobile Technologies

Answer 2

Ethical Issues:

Mobile apps often track location and usage without clear consent.
Exploiting user data for targeted advertising without transparency is unethical.
Legal Issues:

Apps must comply with data protection laws when collecting user data.
There are restrictions on tracking and storing children’s data.
Environmental Issues:

Phones are often replaced frequently, contributing to e-waste.
Mining for materials like lithium affects ecosystems.
Privacy Risk:

Mobile devices store vast amounts of personal data and are vulnerable to theft or spying.

Question 3

Wireless Networking

Answer 3

Ethical Issues:

Open or insecure networks can be exploited by attackers.
Users might unknowingly connect to malicious hotspots.
Legal Issues:

Intercepting wireless data or unauthorized access is illegal.
Companies must secure customer communications.
Environmental Issues:

Wireless routers and mobile towers consume energy continuously.
Privacy Risk:

Data transmitted over Wi-Fi can be intercepted if not encrypted properly.

Question 4

Cloud Storage

Answer 4

Ethical Issues:

Users may not understand where or how their data is stored.
There are concerns about who has access—especially in foreign jurisdictions.
Legal Issues:

Cross-border data laws apply—data may be stored in countries with different regulations.
Providers must ensure data is backed up and secure.
Environmental Issues:

Data centers use significant energy and water for cooling.
Privacy Risk:

If not properly secured, cloud data can be accessed by hackers or even employees of the provider.

Question 5

Hacking (Unauthorised Access)

Answer 5

Ethical Issues:

Hacking violates the right to privacy and trust.
Even “ethical hacking” must follow rules and consent.
Legal Issues:

Illegal under computer misuse laws.
Severe penalties for accessing or modifying systems without permission.
Environmental Issues:

Minor; mostly indirect through resource use for recovery.
Privacy Risk:

Hacked data can lead to identity theft, financial loss, or reputational damage.

Question 6

Wearable Technologies

Answer 6

Ethical Issues:

Constant tracking of health, location, and activity may invade privacy.
Employers using wearables to monitor staff raises ethical questions.
Legal Issues:

Data collected must comply with health and data protection laws.
Consent must be clearly obtained.
Environmental Issues:

Wearables add to e-waste and often have non-replaceable batteries.
Privacy Risk:

Highly personal health data could be misused or sold to third parties.

Question 7

Computer-Based Implants

Answer 7

Ethical Issues:

Raises concerns about bodily autonomy and consent.
Potential for tracking or controlling individuals.
Legal Issues:

Regulation is strict in medical contexts but less clear in consumer products.
Must protect against malfunction or hacking.
Environmental Issues:

Hard to recycle and may require rare materials.
Privacy Risk:

Could reveal intimate medical data or location if connected to networks.

Question 8

Autonomous Vehicles

Answer 8

Ethical Issues:

Who is responsible in a crash—human, manufacturer, or AI?
Programming decisions (e.g., how to avoid accidents) involve moral dilemmas.
Legal Issues:

Laws are still developing on liability and road use.
Must ensure safety and data security compliance.
Environmental Issues:

Electric vehicles reduce emissions but require battery production.
Self-driving systems use significant computing power.
Privacy Risk:

Vehicles collect real-time location and usage data—could be used for surveillance.

Question 9

Data Privacy vs. National Security:

Answer 9

Individuals value their privacy, but governments argue surveillance helps prevent terrorism and crime. This balance is debated globally.

Question 10

Responsibility and Consent:

Answer 10

Clear consent and responsible data use are ethical cornerstones.

Question 11

Environmental Sustainability:

Answer 11

Every device and network uses resources—design and disposal impact the planet.

Question 12

Security by Design:

Answer 12

Building secure systems helps prevent risks from the start.