LIBERAL REFORMING LEGISLATION

Question 1

liberal definition?

Answer 1

focused on individual rights, freedom and equality.

Question 2

reforming legislation definition?

Answer 2

new laws that change society for the better (in theory).

Question 3

so, reforming liberal legislation means?

Answer 3

laws that made Britain more open, fair and less traditional.

Question 4

what are private members bills?

Answer 4

laws proposed by MP’s or Lords who are not part of the government.

Question 5

why were many of these big liberal reforms introduced as private members bills?

Answer 5

the issues were sensitive and controversial + labour govt supported but didn’t want to take full responsibility.

Question 6

give 2 influences of the end of capital punishment reform?

Answer 6

1. limits to the number of capital crimes introduced in 1957.
2. the case of ruth ellis.

Question 7

what was the case of ruth ellis?

Answer 7

a 28 year old women, the last women to be hanged in Britain.

Question 8

why was ruth ellis hung?

Answer 8

she shot and killed her abusive lover outside a pub in London.

Question 9

what happened in terms of the end of capital punishment?

Answer 9

initially abolished for a 5-year trial in 1965.

Question 10

what was the end result of the end of the capital punishment?

Answer 10

the change was made permanent in 1969.

Question 11

what was the main influence for divorce reform?

Answer 11

second wave feminism.

Question 12

what did second wave feminism focus on?

Answer 12

social equality.

Question 13

how did second wave feminism impact the divorce reform legislation?

Answer 13

raised awareness of how unfair divorce laws were, especially to women + put pressure on politicians to reflect changing values.

Question 14

what happened with the divorce reform legislation?

Answer 14

a couple could now divorce if they had lived apart for two years and both and given consent to divorce.

Question 15

what was the result of the divorce reform legislation?

Answer 15

rose from 2 in 1000 (1950) to 10 in 1000 (mid-1970’s).

Question 16

how did liberal (none party) MP, David Steel influence the legislation of abortion?

Answer 16

used a private members bill to propose the abortion law + built support across parties (roy Jenkins heavily supported).

Question 17

what happened with the legislation of abortion?

Answer 17

legalised abortion within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy with the written consent of 2 doctors.

Question 18

what was the result of the abortion act?

Answer 18

went up from 4 per 100 live births in 1968 to 17.6 in 1975.

Question 19

how did the wolfenden report influence the legalisation of homosexual relations?

Answer 19

legitimised the idea that being gay should not be seen as a crime.

Question 20

who did the wolfenden report help?

Answer 20

Leo Abe’s private members bill.

Question 21

what happened with the legalisation of homosexual relations?

Answer 21

decriminalised it if, both partners were over 21, both consented and it had to be a private thing.

Question 22

who became minister of education in 1965?

Answer 22

Tony crossland.

Question 23

was crossland a supporter of comprehensive education?

Answer 23

YES>

Question 24

how did crossland encourage comprehensive schools?

Answer 24

by issuing Circular 10/65.

Question 25

what was Circular 10/65?

Answer 25

official govt document sent to LEA's asking to start phasing out grammar +secondary modern schools and plan for an introduction of comprehensive school.

Question 26

what actually is a comprehensive school?

Answer 26

a school that is non-selective and accepts all students.

Question 27

what is LEA"s?

Answer 27

local education authority.

Question 28

what happened in 1966 in terms of comprehensive schools?

Answer 28

money for new school building became conditional on LEA's drawing up plans to convert to comprehensive schools.

Question 29

by 1964, 1 in 10 pupils were ...?

Answer 29

being educated at a comprehensive school.

Question 30

by 1970, there were ..... comprehensive schools?

Answer 30

1145.

Question 31

impact - some m/c parents turned to ...?

Answer 31

direct-grant schools/independent sector.

Question 32

however, the retention of some grammar schools meant that not ...?

Answer 32

all comprehensive schools were truly comprehensive.

Question 33

what committee had been set up in 1961 to examine British education?

Answer 33

the Robbins committee.w

Question 34

what did the Robbins committee reveal in its studies?

Answer 34

Britain had fallen behind other countries in terms of education like USA, France and Germany.

Question 35

give 2 things the labour govt did to increase places and encourage study or science and technology?

Answer 35

1. colleges of technology became polytechnics. 2. nine colleges of advanced technology became universities.

Question 36

what is a polytechnic?

Answer 36

preparing students for specific careers.

Question 37

by 1968, there were ..... unis and ..... polytechnics?

Answer 37

56 unis 30 polytechnics.

Question 38

what does Harold wilson claim the open university was?

Answer 38

his best achievement.

Question 39

OU - increased ...?

Answer 39

social mobility, for people who had previously been denied.

Question 40

how did the OU modernise Britain?

Answer 40

by embracing the "white heat of technology."

Question 41

who was the education minister who oversaw the creation of the OU?

Answer 41

Jennie lee.

Question 42

when and where did the OU open?

Answer 42

Milton Keynes in 1969.

Question 43

where did most of the sunsets at the OU come from?

Answer 43

older people, women and working class people.

Question 44

OU - courses were largely started through ...?

Answer 44

distance learning - radio and TV helped.

Question 45

by 1980, the OU had .... students?

Answer 45

70,000 students.