Liberalism

Question 1

What is individualism

Answer 1

Belief individuals interests are more important than the collective

Question 2

Classical liberal on individualism

Answer 2

Egotistical individualism - self interestedness/ reliance
Human nature is fixed and we have everything we need to flourish from birth

Question 3

Modern liberals on individualism

Answer 3

Developmental individualism- build society to help people grow and flourish
State can intervene to help the disadvantaged

Question 4

What is tolerance

Answer 4

Willingness to respect values customs and beliefs even if you disagree and it is a natural right all liberal believe we have

Question 5

Classical liberals on tolerance

Answer 5

Rational individuals are capable of tolerance

Question 6

Modern liberals on tolerance

Answer 6

Individuals are tolerant
Society will become gradually more tolerant if the majority is
Have expanded on classical maps and extended tolerance to minorities (social liberalism)

Question 7

Classical liberals on freedom

Answer 7

People should a much freedom possible
Locked mechanistic view of gov
Atomism
Mills harm principle

Question 8

John Stewart mills harm principal

Answer 8

Humans actions should be as free a possible unless they cause serious harm
Important to tolerate others
State should only impose negative freedoms
Self regarding v other regarding

Question 9

Importance of negative freedoms to classical

Answer 9

Beleive in a minimalist state and therefor support negative freedoms

Question 10

Moderns of freedom

Answer 10

Positive freedoms and state interventions would allow people to flourish
Development individualism - people want to see wider societal progress
Go further on harm principle and support limits on speech and action

Question 11

Agreement amongst liberals on the state

Answer 11

Limited gov, necessary evil,constitutionalism, checks and balances democratic and government by consent, rule of law and foundational equality

Question 12

Classical liberals on the state

Answer 12

Night watchman, doesn’t interfere in the markets, rolling back of welfare state little/ no taxation

Question 13

Modern liberals on the state

Answer 13

Go further call for an enabling state, positive freedoms, a limited state allows capitalism to create huge inequality welfare state needed

Question 14

Classical on rationalism

Answer 14

Rational as we enter the social contract
Mechanistic theory
Utilitarianism

Question 15

Locked Mechanistic theory

Answer 15

Behaviour is determined by interactions and majority of behaviour if formed by education

Question 16

Utlilitarianism

Answer 16

Most rational actions are the ones that make the most people happy

Question 17

John Locke HN

Answer 17

Positive view people are rational and capable people are free
Tolerance in religion

Question 18

John Locke the state

Answer 18

Social contract theory
Gov by consent
Mechanistic theory :gove serves the people
Limited government
Distribution of power
Laws preserve freedom

Question 19

John Locke society

Answer 19

Atomism we are a collection of individuals

Question 20

John Locke economy

Answer 20

State must respect and uphold right to private property and state must arbitrate between competition for resources and trade

Question 21

Mary Wollstonecraft HN

Answer 21

Positive people are empathetic
Both genders are rational and it’s irrational to keep women from contributing to society
Marriage must prevent tyranny of the male which prevent people from being good citizens

Question 22

mary wollstonecraft on the state

Answer 22

should have a republic which enshrines womens rights
all should be equal under the law and free from discrimination
formal equality
government by consent for all not just men

Question 23

mary wollstonecraft on the society

Answer 23

society infantalised women
society could fail of it continues to ignore women
women need education to realise their potential
equality of opportunity

Question 24

mary wollstonecraft on the economy

Answer 24

free market would be energised by women
women should be able to have a career so they arent reliant on men ( education is key)

Question 25

john stuart mill on HN

Answer 25

positive view developmental individualism (education) society as a whole benefits when individuals are free to develop liberty is an engine for development- human nature is a work in progress higher and lower pleasure

Question 26

john stuart mill on the state on the state

Answer 26

negative liberty tyranny of the majority- popularity doesnt make a view correct ( representative democracy to hear all views) despotism of custom- we must hear a range of views limited gov women should vote

Question 27

john stuart mill on society

Answer 27

harm principle property is a prism through which people develop potential atomism womens rights

Question 28

what is despotism of custom

Answer 28

tendency of everyone to act the same crushes self expression there fore we must conduct experiments of living to create a diverse and liberal society

Question 29

jsm on the economy

Answer 29

laissez faire is key to individual progress favoured inheritance tax and a single rate "flat tax"

Question 30

veil of ignorance

Answer 30

humans would want the best for themself is they didnt know what position they would be in society from the veil of ignorance.

Question 31

john rawls on HN

Answer 31

people are selfish yet empathetic (individual freedom and caring for those around us) freedom should be available equally veil of ignorance possessive individualism looking after others as we dont want to be in that position.

Question 32

john rawls on the state

Answer 32

larger enabling state needed enabling state to allow people to fulfill their potential original position - people would select a welfare state

Question 33

john rawls on society

Answer 33

there is an overlapping consensus of the principles of a just society foundational equality- equal social and political rights disitributive justices (inequality can occur if its not at the expense of the poor) the difference principle not everyone will be equal in outcome ( gap should be minimised)

Question 34

betty freidan on HN

Answer 34

HN jas evolved to discourage self advancement among women human conditioning made women homemakers not biology - this made many women bored.

Question 35

betty freidan on the state

Answer 35

state is not to blame for patriarchy culture is to blame state should intervene and legislate to help women, positive discriminatio if state was liberal equality for all would be possible large state like rawls

Question 36

betty freidan on society

Answer 36

society remains chauvinistic and some women are complicit, no issue with women being mothers being wives but there has to be choice

Question 37

betty freidan on the economy

Answer 37

free market capitalism could be an ally of female emacncipation as long as there is legislation against sexual discrimination. women should work in all jobs.