Liberalism

Question 1

What do liberals fear?

Answer 1

They feared the centralisation of power
Power is corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely

Question 2

How do liberals want power to be dispersed?

Answer 2

Through constitutionalism and devolution

Question 3

Who is the liberals concept of society?

Answer 3

Liberals believe and subscribe to an individual conception of society

Question 4

What is atomism?

Answer 4

It’s a society with a loose collection of self interested individuals

Question 5

What is egoism?

Answer 5

It’s the absolute priority to pursue your own self interest

Question 6

What do New liberals believe on egoism?

Answer 6

They believe although there is egoism individuals have compassion for others

Question 7

What do liberals believe on freedom?

Answer 7

They believe freedom is a natural right or right on the basis that we are human through life liberty and property

Question 8

What does JS mill believe on freedom?

Answer 8

You can live your life so long as you don’t harm others

Question 9

What is negative freedom?

Answer 9

It’s freedom that is being free from external constraints meaning the state

Question 10

What is negative freedom mean by being free?

Answer 10

Being free means being left alone by the state the role of the state should be reduced to its minimal form

Question 11

What is positive freedom?

Answer 11

It is freedom through self mastery or self realisation

Question 12

With positive freedom, how is freedom achieved?

Answer 12

Achieved when individuals can reach their true potential being left alone is no guarantee of freedom

Believes the state should be enabling

Question 13

What did John Stewart Mill believe on an individual?

Answer 13

Over his body and own mind the individual is sovereign

Question 14

Why is capitalism supported?

Answer 14

Supported as it’s free market and free choice

Question 15

Why do liberals believe this? State is a necessary evil?

Answer 15

Necessary because it provides structure which avoids disorder and harm to individuals

Evil as a restricts individual liberty and can influence individuals

Question 16

Why do liberals disagree with paternalism?

Answer 16

They believe it restricts an individuals freedom by an external body in the individuals received interest

Question 17

Why do liberals believe in limiting the state through constitutionalism?

Answer 17

Having a constitutional style government that promotes individual liberty having an independent judiciary and a rule of law

Question 18

What do classical liberals believe state intervention should be in the economy?

Answer 18

They believe in lassiez faire economics and support only limited state intervention in economy

Question 19

What do modern liberalists believe state intervention should be in the economy ?

Answer 19

The more likely to support more stable intervention in economy if it supports positive freedom

Question 20

Why do liberals support limited intervention?

Answer 20

Because they see humans as being rational and able to improve themselves

Question 21

What is rationalism?

Answer 21

It’s the belief that human beings are irrational, reasonable and logical

Question 22

What does it mean to be rational?

Answer 22

Being able to make decisions by weighing up all possible outcomes with logic and reason rather than emotion

Question 23

What does rationalism support?

Answer 23

Support individual freedom and self-determination

Question 24

What are classical liberals views on natural rights?

Answer 24

Natural rights are God given rights

Question 25

What did John Locke say about natural rights and what does it mean?

Answer 25

John Locke says humans have a natural rights to life liberty and property The state should focus on protecting natural rights by implementing laws and protecting people from external threats

Question 26

 how should the state operate when it comes to Natural rights?

Answer 26

State is necessary in order to protect us from each other meaning protection against the state of nature State should be reduced to its most minimal form. It should only protect life liberty and property.

Question 27

What do classical liberals believe on economic liberal?

Answer 27

Believe in reducing the economic role of the state They believe when the economy is left to learn the economy should be free from interference

Question 28

How to classical liberals believe the market should be governed?

Answer 28

They believe it should be governed by the invisible hand the most efficient way to govern the market supply and demand The economy is a marketplace of rational self light individuals

Question 29

What do classical levels believe on social Darwinism?

Answer 29

Believe in reducing the social and welfare role of the state Believes in a meritocratic society those who are lazy will not do well ancient receive no hope from the state basically means survival of the fittest on a social level

Question 30

What can modern liberalism do?

Answer 30

 William beverage said a starving man isn’t free so realisation actualisation is the ability to develop attain skills, knowledge and individuality to achieve personal fulfilment

Question 31

What do modern liberals believe that the state can be?

Answer 31

They believe the state can be an enable it to enable individual to achieve freedom

Question 32

What did TH green say about laws?

Answer 32

Laws alone cannot make people good but they can enable individuals to make themselves good which constraints ego

Question 33

Why do modern liberals believe in social liberalism?

Answer 33

They believe in welfarism the creation of the welfare states and haunts individual freedom It’s enhances the equality of opportunity if individuals are disadvantage by their social circumstances the state as a social responsibility to create more equal life chances Examples, including Right to education, decent housing and healthcare

Question 34

What do modern levels believe the economy should be managed?

Answer 34

They reject the free markets and lassiez faire economics Prosperity can be achieved through the managing of the economy Example is the result of depression in the 1930s economic intervention to achieve employment return to pre-war levels of unemployment