Licensure Study Flashcards

Question

What is meant by the state of Christ’s exaltation?

Answer 1

Exaltation – (LC Q.51) The estate of Christ’s exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and His coming again to judge the world.

Answer 2

Humiliation – (LC Q 46) The estate of Christ’s humiliation was that low condition wherein he for our sakes, emptying Himself of His glory, took upon Him the form of a servant, in his conception and birth, life, death, and after this death, until his resurrection.

Answer 3

(LC Q 45) Christ executeth the office of a king, in calling out of the world a people to himself, and giving them officers, laws, and censures, by which he visibly governs them; in bestowing saving grace upon his elect, rewarding their obedience, and correcting them for their sins, preserving and supporting them under all their temptations and sufferings, restraining and overcoming all their enemies, and powerfully ordering all things for his own glory, and their good; and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the gospel.

Answer 4

(LC Q 44) Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering himself a sacrifice without spot to God, to be a reconciliation for the sins of the people; and in making continual intercession for them.

Answer 5

(LC Q 43) Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in his revealing to the church, in all ages, by his Spirit and word, in divers ways of administration, the whole will of God, in all things concerning their edification and salvation.

Answer 6

The Bible teaches that when Jesus returns at the end of the age, three distinct yet related events occur simultaneously. 1. The **resurrection of the dead** (Daniel 12:1-4; Isaiah 25:6-9)–including both those who will live forever blessed in the presence of Christ (1 Thessalonians 4:13-5:11; 1 Corinthians 15:12-58), and those who will enter into eternal judgment (2 Thessalonians 1:6, 8-9; Revelation 20:11-14). 2. The **general and final judgment** of believers and unbelievers alike (Matthew 13:36-43; 25:31-46). 3. The **creation of a new heaven and earth** (Romans 8:21; 2 Peter 3:10).

Answer 7

(LC Q42) …executes the offices of prophet, priest, and king of His church, in the estate both of his humiliation and exaltation

Answer 8

The two natures of Christ are fully God and fully man, yet within one person.

Answer 9

The two states of Christ are humiliation and exaltation.

Answer 10

“In context” refers to * **historical**, * **anthropological**, * **cultural**, * **social**, * **cognitive**, * **literary**, and * **textual factors** that all play a role in determining what a word means. Additionally, context must also take into account those words * **preceding** and * **following** such as the * clause, sentence, paragraph, periscope, chapter, book and overall Scripture to determine the proper context.

Answer 11

The Covenant of Grace; wherein He freely offereth upon sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ; requiring of them faith in Him, that they may be saved, and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto eternal life His Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe. (WC #7, Sections 2, 3)

Answer 12

They are closely related. The covenant of redemption is the eternal foundation of the covenant of grace.

Answer 13

The covenant was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in Him with all the elect as His seed. (LC #31)

Answer 14

The covenant is **unilateral** in redemption because God **initiates** the covenant, not only setting for the conditions but **keeping** those conditions as well. Hebrews 8-10, Genesis 15. It is called **bi-latera**l in that men are required to **respond in faith** but that faith is given by grace as a gift from God.

Answer 15

The Father and the Son. The Father required of the Son, who appeared in this covenant * as the **Surety** and **Head** of His people, and * as the last Adam, * that He **should make amends** * for the sin of Adam and * of those whom the Father had given Him, and * should do what Adam failed to do by **keeping the law** and * thus **securing eternal life** for all His spiritual progeny.

Answer 16

Covenant of Works - …was made with man wherein life was promised to Adam and in Him to His posterity, upon condition of perfect and personal obedience.

Answer 17

A “covenant” is an agreement enacted between two parties in which one or both make promises under oath to perform or refrain from certain actions stipulated in advance.

Answer 18

Federal theology suggests that as the first human, Adam acted as the “federal head” or legal representative of the rest of humankind. Thus God entered into a covenantal relationship with Adam that promised blessing for obedience and a curse for disobedience. According to federal theology, if Adam had been obedient to God, his obedience would have meant blessing for all humans. But because Adam was disobedient, the curse extends to humankind, of which Adam is the covenantal representative. Federal theology adds that just as Adam was the federal head of humanity, so also Christ enters history as a second Adam, free from the curse, and acts as the covenantal head of righteousness for all those who believe in him.

Answer 19

It is the firm and eternal foundation for the covenant of grace whereby an agreement was made between the members of the Trinity in order to bring us salvation. We find allusions to it in several biblical texts. Under this covenant, the Father plans redemption and sends the Son in order to save His people. The Son agrees to be sent and to do the work necessary to save the elect (John 10:17–18), and the Spirit agrees to apply the work of Christ to us by sealing us unto salvation (Eph. 1:13–14).

Answer 20

1. The Old Testament and 2. the New Testament.

Answer 21

The work of creation is that wherein God id in the beginning, by the word of His power, make of nothing the world, and all things therein, for Himself, within the space of six days and all very good. Gen 1, Heb 11, Prov 16:4

Answer 22

The Day-Age theory of creation teaches that each day of creation as described in Genesis corresponds to much longer periods of time and not approximately 24 hour days. The periods of time could range from thousands to billions of years and therefore the universe could be billions of years old.

Answer 23

The Framework Hypothesis attempts to teach the creation story of Genesis is not to be taken literally but rather figuratively. It is teaching that God generally created all things but not necessarily within in time constraints or order but could have occurred during any period of time and even in overlapping periods.

Answer 24

Theistic evolution is the attempt to accommodate or harmonize the Word of God to the theory of evolution. Some try to explain that God provided all the necessary elements for evolution; others say He directed evolution.

Answer 25

The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in **holiness**, and do immediately **pass into glory**; and their bodies, being still united to Christ, do **rest in their graves** till the resurrection.

Answer 26

The wages of sin is death and, therefore, all men will die. Upon death, the souls of the righteous will enjoy the communion in glory with Christ whereas the soulds of the wicked will be cast into hell.

Answer 27

The communion in glory with Christ which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that * their souls are then made **perfect in holiness**, and * **received** into the highest heavens, * where they **behold the face of God** in light and glory, * **waiting** for the full redemption of their bodies, * which even in death continue united to Christ, * and **rest in their graves** as in their beds, till at the last day they be again united to their souls.

Answer 28

The souls of the wicked are at their death * **cast into hell**, where they remain in *_torments and utter darkness_*, and * their **bodies kept in their graves**, * as in their *_prisons_*, * **till the resurrection and judgment** of the great day.

Answer 29

Dichotomy – often refers to the theory that humans are composed of two distinct components: body and soul

Answer 30

The New Testament – (LC Q.35) Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the word, and the administration of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper; in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fullness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations.

Answer 31

The Old Testament – (LC Q. 34) The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the passover, and other types and ordinances, which did all foresignify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised messiah, by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation.

Answer 32

God’s decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of His will, whereby, from all eternity, He hath, for His own glory, unchangeably foreordained whatsoever comes to pass in time, especially concerning angels and men. (LC Q.10)

Answer 33

Infralapsarianism, on the other hand, insists that God’s **decree to save is logically after** his decrees related to creation and fall (infra meaning “below” or “after”). The infralapsarian view tends to reflect God as tender and merciful to fallen man and just to the reprobate otherwise, the argument is that Supra reflects God as being arbitrary towards His election. Also know as the **historical principal**.

Answer 34

It is really one decree because they all lead to the praise of His glory – to either the praise of His glorious grace through the salvation of man or to the praise of His glorious justice through the passing over and foreordaining those to dishonor. (LC Q. 13)

Answer 35

The question is, whether in the plan of God the decrees of election and reprobation precede or follow the decrees to create the world and to permit the fall. Specifically, which is logically prior: the decree of election and reprobation, or the decree to create the world and permit the fall? Supralapsarian (**Logical** Order) has the decrees of election and reprobation occur before and infralapsarianism (**Historical** Principal) occurs after.

Answer 36

Supralapsarianism—supra meaning “above” or “before” and lapsum meaning “fall”—is the position which holds that God’s **decree to save is logically prior** to his decree to create the world and permit the fall. Also know as the **logical** order.

Answer 37

They are eternal, unchangeable, and appointed because God knows all things that shall come to pass but not because He foresaw it as a future event.

Answer 38

No, even our best works are as filthy rags before the Lord. Isaiah 64:6.

Answer 39

Justification is the declaration that we are righteous and free from the guilt of sin, because we are justified, we are therefore sanctified and set apart unto God unto good works. * justification is a **legal declaration** that is **instantaneous**, * sanctification is a **process**. Though we are doing the **works**, it is God that is at work both within us to will and to do them such that He receives all glory for them.

Answer 40

(LC Q. 77) Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification, yet they differ, * in that God in justification **imputeth** the righteousness of Christ; * in sanctification his Spirit **infuseth** grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof; * in the former, sin is **pardoned**; * in the other, it is **subdued**: * the one doth **equally free all believers** from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation; * the other is **neither equal in all**, nor in this life perfect in any, but growing up to perfection.

Answer 41

(LC Q.74) Adoption is an act of the free grace of God, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children, have his name put upon them, the Spirit of his Son given to them, are under his fatherly care and dispensations, admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow-heirs with Christ in glory.

Answer 42

Election may be defined as God’s eternal purpose to save some of the human race in and by Jesus Christ.

Answer 43

Glorification is not to be confused with that benefit which the believer receives at death when his soul is made perfect in holiness and passes immediately into glory (Shorter Catechism, Question 37). Death introduces the believer into what is termed the soul’s “intermediate state,” which is certainly “gain” and “better by far” than this present state (Phil. 1:21, 23). But the soul’s intermediate state is not what Paul has in mind when he speaks of the believers’ glorification. Rather, **glorification speaks of that final state into which all believers enter together at the resurrection**, * when being raised up in glory or transformed, * they are openly acquitted in the Day of Judgment, and * made perfectly blessed, as coheirs with Jesus Christ, in the full enjoying of God to all eternity (Shorter Catechism, Question 38).

Answer 44

The teaching that the Scriptures never “err”, that it is without error or fault. The Bible is completely and totally true and reliable. John 17:17 -\> “Your word is truth” The scriptures are the **absolute authority in all matters** concerning this world and life, this includes * psychology, * cience, * history, * geography, etc. * *Inerrancy** = The Scriptures **do not** err. * *Infallibility** = The Scriptures **cannot** err. (the higher standard)

Answer 45

(WCF 11, LC Q.70) Justification is an act of God's free grace unto sinners, in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight; not for anything wrought in them, or done by them, but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them, and received by faith alone.

Answer 46

We rest on Jesus Christ and His righteousness by faith and in not in response to our works. It is Christ’s work alone that we are declared to be righteous and free from guilt. The faith, through which we believe, is a gift of God’s grace. Ephesians 2:8-9.

Answer 47

Reprobation may be defined as that decree of God whereby He has determined to pass some men by with the operation of His special grace and to punish them for their sin to the manifestation of His justice.

Answer 48

Sanctification is the setting apart from the world for God’s Holy purposes and the continuation walking before Him in holiness, putting to death the sin in our lives through obedience. Eph. 5:26, 27; 1 Thess. 5:23

Answer 49

An ellipsis is the **omission of words from speech or writing**, typically indicated by a series of dots (…). Literally, the “leaving in” of a gap in a sentence leaving out words necessary for the grammar but not necessary for the sense of the sentence. For instance, in Matt. 14:19, we read that the Lord Jesus “gave the loaves to His disciples, and the disciples to the multitude.”

Answer 50

The Ellipsis of Repetition, where the **omitted word** or words are to be supplied by repeating them **from a clause which precedes or follows**. * Example: Romans 13:7 * “Taxes to whom taxes” is not a complete phrase – there is no verb! * But it is found in the preceding “render to all their due” * Thus it is saying “Render therefore to all their due: taxes to whom taxes are due, customs to whom custom is due, fear to whom fear is due, honor to whom honor is due.”

Answer 51

Absolute, where the **omitted** word or words are to be supplied from the **nature of the subject alone** and not from the context of the passage. * 1 Cor 15:53 speaking about the corruptible/ incorruptible body * “For this corruptible body must put on incorruption and this mortal body must put on immortality.” * Fire when ready” -\> “Fire when you are ready”

Answer 52

Relative, where the **omitted word or words** are to be supplied from, and are suggested by the context. * Gal 4:24-26:

Answer 53

An epizeuxis is the **duplication** or **repetition of a word** in a sentence. * Gen 6:17 -\> “And, behold, I, even, I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth” * Isaiah 40:1 -\> “Comfort, comfort my people…” * John 1:51 -\> “Verily, verily I say unto you…”

Answer 54

A-Mill – the theological doctrine that the millennium is metaphorical and refers to what happens to the church between Christ’s first and second coming.

Answer 55

Dispensational Premill - the idea that Jesus actually returns twice, which makes a total of three times that Jesus comes to earth. For the dispensational premil, the millennium is a time in which God fulfills promises he made specifically to the Jews. In the dispensational view, there are two distinct people of God, the Jews and the church of Christ (which contains both Jews and Gentiles).

Answer 56

Post-mill – the theological doctrine that the second coming of Christ will occur after the millennium

Answer 57

Pre-mill – the theological doctrine that the second coming of Christ will occur before the millennium

Answer 58

The beleif that believers wil not suffer the tribulation but wiull be raptured in advance.

Answer 59

(LC Q#27) The fall brought upon mankind the **loss of communion** with God, His **displeasure** and **curse**; so as we are by nature **children of wrath**, **bond slaves to Satan**, and **justly liable to all punishments** in this words, and that which is to come. *In other words, we are separated and guilty of transgression against a most Holy God.*

Answer 60

The study of words taking into account their **origins** and **development** of their meaning.

Answer 61

The theory that different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed an diversified over a prolonged period of time from a single common ancestor.

Answer 62

It minimizes the authority of scripture by trying to harmonize it with scientific theories. The book of Genesis describes creation between fixed periods of time blocked by “morning” and “evening” and then institutes the Sabbath day for observance - the 7th day of the week on which God rested after creating during the first 6th days. This concept of a 7 day week is carried into Exodus and further in the Bible.

Answer 63

We reject it because it is * **contrary to the Word of God** wherein * He is the author and creator of all things. * It also **strips man of the special dignity and blessing** that comes with being made in the **image of God.** * It tries to **rob God of the glory** that His creatures are due to give Him.

Answer 64

It contradicts the teaching of Scripture as well as introduces an issue with the existence of death. For Adam to have evolved, there would have required the existence of death before sin entered the world. But Scripture says that by the sin of one man, death entered. Romans 5:12. Further, it calls into question the veracity of Scripture and which sections should be trusted and which should not.

Answer 65

The attribution of human characteristics to God. * For example, God walks “in the cool of the day” (Gen. 3:8). “morph” -\> **takes the form of a body part**

Answer 66

Those numerous occasions when God manifests **human emotions** such as pity or anger (e.g., Hos. 1:6–7; 8:5). “papth” -\> empathy

Answer 67

A **figure of speech** often used to avoid what may be indelicate or unseemly and so it sounds refined or smooth. * Genesis 4:1 -\> Adam “knew” Eve leading to the birth of Cain * "Slept with his fathers" -\> death

Answer 68

An idiom is a figure of speech unique to a culture, language, or person. Ex 3.8 **Flowing with milk and honey** -\> fertile

Answer 69

A hyperbole is an **exaggeration** to either enlarge or diminish the subject to heighten the sense and meaning of the word or passage. * Gen 42:28 -\> “Their heart failed them” * Matt 23:24 -\> "You strain the gnat to swallow a camel" * Matt 5:29 -\> "if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out"

Answer 70

A metaphor describes how a thing * **is**, * **acts like**, or * **represents** something else that is ***unlike the first***. It can be identified through the use of “is”, “as”, “are”, “was”, “were”, “have been”. For example, * “The Lord is my Rock” Psalm 18.

Answer 71

A metonymy **substitutes** one word for another; a change in the noun to communicate a concept. The kettle is boiling. "To thee and all thy seed" -\> descendents

Answer 72

A simile is the comparison of two things using “like” or “as.” * 1 Peter 1:24 “All men are like grass.”

Answer 73

Similar to metonomy. It is a figure of speech by which the **whole of a thing is put for a part**, or a **part for the whole**. * Luke 2:1: Ceaser ordered a census of the whole world. Only the Roman Empire was meant, not every corner of the world. * Proverbs 1:16: Their feet rush into sin. The feet represent the entire man.

Answer 74

A trope is a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression. The types of tropes in Scripture are **s**imiles, **m**etaphors, and **s**ubstitutions (e.g. metonymy, Schenectady, anthropopathism, and anthropomorphisms). --\> Tropes are like a giant walking through the forest, **s**lowly with **m**any **s**teps as a lumberign oaf.

Answer 75

Condemnation – also known as the “state of nature” after the fall wherein corruption had entered man. Man in no longer able to resist sin but still retains the ability to sin. In this state, man is in a state of sin and misery, wholly defiled in all their parts. (LC Q. 23 & WC #6 Sections. 2, 4)

Answer 76

Glorification – Man is both able to resist sin but is also no longer able to sin. This state is entered after the death of man when all vestiges of sin and corruption will be removed and we will see Jesus in His glory and we will appear with Him (Col 3:3)

Answer 77

Innocence - we mean the first condition of man created after the image of God in internal goodness and external happiness. As it abounded in all goods (of the body as well as of the soul) necessary for obtaining true happiness in that state, so it experienced the most holy and agreeable government of God. Hence it consists principally of two parts: the happy condition of man and the federal government of God around him. His happiness arose from the image of God in which he was created. It consisted especially in original righteousness and the immortality and dominion consequent upon it (of which we have spoken before in the Topic on Creation) (Elentic Thelogy – V1, p. 569). Adam was both able to sin and to resist sin.

Answer 78

Redemption – Man is again both able to sin and to resist sin through regeneration of the Spirit and thus given a new nature. All men that are in a state of grace have been born again. 2 Cor 5:17

Answer 79

(LC Q.58) We are made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured, by the application of them unto us, which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost.

Answer 80

(LC Q.59) Redemption is certainly applied, and effectually communicated, to all those for whom Christ hath purchased it; who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ according to the gospel.

Answer 81

**One**. Alone, a word can multiple meanings but when examined **within context**, there be only one meaning. To be otherwise would * **lead to the confusion of man** and * therefore tend to **violate** * the **veracity** and * **unequivocalness** of Scripture. * This, also, would lead to **allegorizing** Scripture.

Answer 82

1. It was **written by men** and therefore cannot possibly be considered the Words of God since God did not fully control them. 2. Modern Bibles have **errors** and **contradictions**; 3. Modern **science** has disproved the Bible; 4. Different **manuscripts** make inspiration useless; 5. The NT **quotes** the OT without care or precision; 6. The Bible has inexact and **non-scientific** language; and 7. Some **passages indicate the author is not inspired**.

Answer 83

Plenary inspiration teaches that God’s superintending work of inspiration applies to each and every part of the Scripture; each and word is considered as inspired.

Answer 84

Verbal inspiration teaches that the Bible contains the **actual words of God**. They are not just His ideas or thoughts but the actual words breathed out by God Himself.

Answer 85

The words of the Bible (verbal) and every word (plenary) are inspired (very breath, spoken) by God.

Answer 86

WCF 1:9. Overall, Scripture is the means to be used to understand Scripture, since being the very Word of God, **it cannot and does not contradict itself** and is always in agreement and fully sufficient for our needs. Therefore, the only adequate expounder of God’s Word is and must only be God Himself. \*\*\* In short, those passages that are clear and about which there can be no confusion carry the most weight and are called “**positive analogies**”. “**General Analogies**’ are those teachings that deal not with an explicit passage but are founded in comparison with positive analogies and Scripture as a whole. Overall, Scipture is the means to be used to understand Scripture, since being the very Word of God, it cannot and does not contradict itself and is always in agreement.

Answer 87

The method of interpretation where the **literal**, **historical**, or more **obvious meaning** is **cast aside** in order to discover a *_deeper or hidden meaning_*. This can often result in a hidden meaning where there may not be one or even turning the meaning of Scripture into something that was never intended.

Answer 88

The allegorical method can be attributed to the Greeks in an attempt to **harmonize** the **OT Scriptures to Greek philosophy** to remove embarrassing anthropomorphism or other difficult texts. There were conflicts between traditions of interpretation: * one was a **literal** approach (Home, Hysod) and * the other was **rooted in philosophical and historical** using logic, science, ethics, etc. The attempt to reconcile the two approaches resulted in interpreting the bible by using an allegorical approach.

Answer 89

It is faulty because it allows the reader/ interpreter to make the texts say whatever they want them to say. It encourages the interpreter to misread and apply meanings to the text that may never have been intended by the writer. It can lead to the corruption of God’s word and that we can never know the Word of God or His thoughts since everything can now possess a double or hidden meaning. It fails to see the historical text as literal.

Answer 90

The “analogy of faith” is a principle in hermeneutics which states that, since all scriptures exist in harmony, united with no essential contradictions, then every proposed interpretation of any passage must be compared with what the other parts of the bible teach. The Bible holds in itself the answers and meaning. the Analogy of Faith as being more doctrinal in nature, that is there is a "systematic" overarching doctrine on some topic and then it gets applied to a particular text and that text is to be interpreted in the light of the teaching of the rest of scripture.

Answer 91

1. It is the inerrant, infallible, and inspired word of God 2. It is its own best interpreter (the analogy of faith and analogy of Scripture) 1. Analogy of Faith -\> more doctrinal in nature, that is there is a "systematic" overarching doctrine on some topic and then it gets applied to a particular text and that text is to be interpreted in the light of the teaching of the rest of scripture. 2. Analogy of Scripture -\> "Scripture interprets Scripture" I think more textually. That is, if you want the answer to, (let's just say) who the suffering servant of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 is, then you take them to the NT passages in the gospels. 3. It must be understood within its grammatic-historical context 4. It must be understood in its literary form 5. Difficult passages must be understood in the light of more explicit ones

Answer 92

The grammatical method of interpretation seeks to identify and understand the natural meaning of the text by examining the various parts of grammar and their interactions while keeping in mind the historical context (meaning, time, culture, environment, politics) of the writing. The intent is to seek to understand the single meaning of Scripture in the immediate context. Grammatical must be understood in terms of its historical context.

Answer 93

It is the study of Scripture within historical circumstances and events. To understand the meaning and intent, you must understand the history in which it was written.

Answer 94

The grammatical method of interpretation seeks to understand the text by examining the various parts of grammar and their interactions while keeping in mind the historical context (meaning, time, culture, environment, politics) of the writing. The intent is to seek to understand the single meaning of Scripture in the immediate context. Grammatical must be understood in terms of its historical context.

Answer 95

Logic **controls** and **informs** how a person properly thinks and reasons. To understand Scripture, one must learn and use logic such that the propositions that are taught in Scripture are **rightly understood as God wants them understood**. The laws of logic **inform us as to how God thinks since He makes no unwarranted conclusions nor mistakes**.

Answer 96

1. **Identify** the passage as prophecy (“It shall come to pass..” 2. Give careful attention to the **language, context, historical background.** 3. Determine the **literal meaning** of the passage (don’t get down into the weeds). 4. Determine whether it is **predictive or didactic**. Predictive: Zechariah 1:7. Didactic: Zechariah 1:6

Answer 97

Development of the concept is attributed to Tertullian. It translates as the “rule of faith” and means that “**Scripture interprets Scripture**.” In short, those passages that are clear and about which there can be no confusion carry the most weight and are called “positive analogies”. “General Analogies’ are those teachings that deal not with an explicit passage but are founded in comparison with positive analogies and Scripture as a whole. Overall, Scripture is the means to be used to understand Scripture, since being the very Word of God and therefore infallible and inerrant, it cannot and does not contradict itself and is always in agreement.

Answer 98

We reject it because it allows the reader/ interpreter to make the texts say whatever they want them to say. It **encourages** the interpreter to * **misread** and * **apply meanings** to the text that may **never** have been **intended** by the writer. * It can lead to the **corruption of God’s word** and that we can never know the Word of God or His thoughts since everything can now possess a **double or hidden meaning**. It fails to see the historical text as literal.

Answer 99

It allowed the church to retain control over the interpretation of Scripture by stating only the church could properly interpret Scripture. It also allowed them to interpret Scripture such that it did not conflict with church teaching, theology, practice, or tradition.

Answer 100

Scripture interprets scripture. This highlights the fact that the less clear portions of Scripture are explained (in the ultimate sense) by the clearer portions. When I hear "Scripture interprets Scripture" I think more textually. That is, if you want the answer to, (let's just say) who the suffering servant of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 is, then you take them to the NT passages in the gospels. Perhaps I'm off base though.

Answer 101

Sufficiency of Scripture teaches that our supreme authority in all spiritual matters is Scripture. Sola Scriptura simply means that all truth necessary for our salvation and spiritual life is taught either explicitly or implicitly in Scripture. 2 Timothy 3:16

Answer 102

* A type must have an anti-type. * We look for the anti-type to identify the type. * The type is a shadow of the anti-type which is the fulfillment. * Consequently, there must resemblances and associations between the two. * One must first understand the original meaning of the type when it was instituted and then next to understand how it was used as a stepping stone to its greater fulfillment – being careful that the full meanings be guided by the revealed will of God in the Scriptures.

Answer 103

The Bible provides propositions stating what “is” and since the Bible is inerrant and infallible, all statements are therefore true.

Answer 104

1. Treat each Psalm **as a whole** yet identifying the pericope. 2. Understand the historical context for the writing of the Psalm, e.g. the **introductory line of the Psalm.** 3. Understand how the Psalm might be used in **worship of God**. 4. Understand their **Christological** nature

Answer 105

At the day of judgment, the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds, shall be set on his right hand, and there * **openly acknowledged and acquitted**, * shall join with him in the **judging of reprobate angels and men**, and * shall be **received into** heaven, where they shall * be **fully** and **forever freed** from all sin and misery; * **filled** with inconceivable joys, * **made** perfectly **holy** and **happy** both in body and soul, ..in the company of innumerable saints and holy angels, but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity. And this is the **perfect and full communion** which the members of the **invisible church** shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.

Answer 106

At the day of judgment, the wicked shall be set on *_Christ's left hand_*, and, * upon clear evidence, and full conviction of their own consciences, shall have the fearful but just **sentence of condemnation** pronounced against them; and * thereupon shall be **cast out** from the favorable presence of God, and the glorious fellowship with Christ, his saints, and all his holy angels, * **into hell**, to be punished with **unspeakable torments**, both of body and soul, with the devil and his angels forever.

Answer 107

liberation theology is a movement that attempts to interpret Scripture through the plight of the poor. True followers of Jesus, according to liberation theology, must work toward a just society, bring about social and political change, and align themselves with the working class. Jesus, who was poor Himself, focused on the poor and downtrodden, and any legitimate church will give preference to those who have historically been marginalized or deprived of their rights. All church doctrine should grow out of the perspective of the poor. Defending the rights of the poor is seen as the central aspect of the gospel.

Answer 108

The authority of Scripture is interpreted through the lens of a particular ethnic, economic, political, or social condition and therefore Scripture is subservient.

Answer 109

John Calvin said that the best thing an interpreter can do is to make the meaning of the text **clear** and to do it with **as few words as possible**.

Answer 110

Adonai - “**Lord**” (Genesis 15:2; Judges 6:15) – **used in place of YHWH**, which was thought by the Jews to be too sacred to be uttered by sinful men. In the Old Testament, YHWH is more often used in God’s dealings with His people, while Adonai is used more **when He deals with the Gentiles**.

Answer 111

El Shaddai - “God Almighty,” El -\> **God** Shaddai -\> **Mighty** “The Mighty One of Jacob” (Genesis 49:24; Psalm 132:2,5) – speaks to God’s ultimate power over all

Answer 112

Elohim - God “Creator, Mighty and Strong” El -\> God ohim -\> **Mighty & Strong** (Genesis 17:7; Jeremiah 31:33) – the plural form of **Eloah**, which accommodates the doctrine of the **Trinity**

Answer 113

Kurios – it is used for Christ and God, equivalent to “Adoni” meaning Lord

Answer 114

Pater - Father

Answer 115

Theos – God

Answer 116

Yahweh – It is especially in the name Yahweh, It has always been regarded as the most sacred and the most distinctive name of God

Answer 117

Creationism - It regards the soul of each human being as immediately created by God and joined to the body either at conception, at birth, or at some time between these two. The advocates of the theory urge in its favor certain texts of Scripture, referring to God as the Creator of the human spirit, together with the fact that there is a marked individuality in the child, which cannot be explained as a mere reproduction of the qualities existing in the parents.

Answer 118

Pre-existentianism - is the name given to those who hold the hypothesis of the preexistence of souls, or the doctrine that, at the beginning of creation, not that of this world simply, but of all worlds, God created the souls of all men, which, however, are not united to the body till the individuals for whom they are destined are begotten or born into the world.

Answer 119

Traducianism is the belief that the souls of children, as well as their bodies, are propagated from their parents

Answer 120

Man's affections at first were * holy and pure, * free from all sin and defilement, * free from all disorder an distemper; they were placed upon the most holy, high, and noble objects.

Answer 121

Man had, in his first creation, * the knowledge of God, and * His law, and * His creatures, and * all things which were necessary to make him happy.

Answer 122

Man had at first in his will a disposition, accompanied with an executive power, * to every thing which was right, and * to give that which was both due to God and also * to man, had there been any man besides himself.

Answer 123

That Adam and Eve, being the root of all mankind, the guilt of their sin was imputed, and the same death in sin, and corrupted nature, conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly * indisposed, * disabled, and * made opposite to all good, and * wholly inclined to all evil, do proceed all actual transgressions. (WC #6 Sections 3, 4)

Answer 124

The **repetition** of * similar, * synonymous, or * opposite thoughts or * successive lines of Scripture displaying a deliberate * comparison, * contrast, or * correlation. * Psalm 103:10 * Not according to our sins did he deal with us; * And not according to our transgressions did he requite us.

Answer 125

Passages in which there is a **contrast or opposition of thought** presented in the different sentences. Especially, in the books of Proverbs. * **Simple** - when the contrast is presented in a single distich of simple sentences * Righteousness will exalt a nation, But the disgrace of the peoples is sin. Prov. 14:84 * **Compound** - when there are two or more sentences in each member of the antithesis * The ox has known his owner, And the ass the crib of his lord; Israel has not known - My people have not shown themselves discerning. Isa 1:3

Answer 126

Passages in which different lines or members present the **same thought** in a slightly different manner of expression. * **Identical** - different members are composed of the same or nearly the same words * Thou wert snared in the sayings of thy mouth; Thous wert taken up in the sayings of thy mouth. Prov 6:9 * **Similar** - the sentiment is substantially the same, but language and figures are different * For he on seas has found it, And on floods will he establish it. Psalm 24:9 * **Inverted** - when there is an inversion or transposition of words or sentences so as to change the order of the thought * The heavens are telling the story of God, And the work of his hands declares the expanse. Psalm 24:2

Answer 127

The use of parallelism using **similar forms of construction but not necessarily in content**, related thoughts are brought together to **emphasize similarities, contrasts, or other correlations**; to **advance a thought**. Basically, when the structure of the poetry is not synonymous or antithetical, then it could be considered synthetic. * **Correspondent** - when there is a designed and formal correspondency between related sentences; e.g. when the first line corresponds with the third and the second with the fourth. * Jehovah, my light and my salvation, Of whom shall i be afraid? Jehovah, fortress of my life, Of whome shall I stand in terror? * **Cumulative** - when there is a climax of sentiment running through the successive parallels, or when there is aconstant variation of words and thought by means of the simple accumulation of images or ideas * Happy the man who has not walked in the counsel of wicked ones, And in the way of sinners has not stood. And in the seat of scorners has not sat down; But in the law of Jehovah in his delight; And in his lay will he meditate day and night. Psalm 1:1-2

Answer 128

Perspicuity of Scripture means that * all that is **necessary to salvation** and leaving men without excuse for disobedience * is **clear and easy** to understand to those who * make a **due use** of Scripture and * receive **illumination** by the Spirit of God. This is contrary to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church which teaches the Bible can only be properly interpreted and understood through the infallible interpretation of the Church.

Answer 129

The doctrine of preservation is the teaching that God's Word has been preserved and its **original meaning has been kept intact**. * God gives His word that He will preserve it -\> * **Isaiah** 59:21 * **Psalm** 12 * **Isaiah** 40:8 We see that the vast majority of these * differences are **insignificant**, * consisting of such things as * easily recognized **spelling errors**, * words appearing in **different order** (word order is not as significant in Greek as it is in English), and so on

Answer 130

body -\> bad; soul -\> good; spirit -\> mystical

Answer 131

(WCF 14) It designates * **sorrow** for sin, grief for having committed it, and * a **turning away** from it, * accompanied with **sincere endeavors**, * in **reliance on the grace** and aid of God’s Holy Spirit, * to live in **humble and holy obedience** to the divine commands and will (Matt. 3:2, 8; Acts 5:31; 11:18; 2 Cor. 7:8–10; 2 Tim. 2:25). Look at 1 Thessalonians, the turning from one thing to another.

Answer 132

At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory, shall be openly **acknowledged and acquitted** in the day of judgment, and made **perfectly blessed** in the **full enjoying of God**, to all **eternity**.

Answer 133

General Revelation is **truth that applies to everyone**. Special Revelation is truth that applies to a **small, select group** of people. General revelation leaves us **without excuse** and subject to just punishment.

Answer 134

General revelation is that which is described as the “light of nature” and “the works of creation and providence” that reveals the **goodness**, **wisdom**, and **power** of God and the Godhead but it **is not sufficient unto salvation**. (Romans 1) 1. The “**light of nature**” refers to that which is **inside of us**, being made **in the image of God.** 2. The “**works of creation and providenc**e” refers to that which is **outside of us** , **the world around us**. Both of these tell us about the existence of a Creator, that we ought to **obey and honor** Him, and that we are, therefore, **without excuse** for not recognizing Him and obeying/ praising Him.

Answer 135

Special revelation is that which is described as **God’s self-revelation** – His spoken Word. It not only reveals * His **will** to creation but also * teaches us the **way to life (salvation)** and the way to live life. The Bible is all special revelation but *all* special revelation **is not** contained in the Bible.

Answer 136

The negative aspect has to do with **separation** from all those activities that defile and pollute us. For example, 2 Corinthians 6:17 "Come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith of the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you." “…the mortification of several lusts”

Answer 137

The positive aspect of holiness involves the **living out** of the life of faith in the world without being part of it. It is not so much of feeling or an experience as a way of life that seeks to mirror in outlook and conduct the life of our Saviour. The positive side of sanctification involves what amounts the “…strengthening in all saving graces to the **practice of true holiness**”

Answer 138

Systematic theology ensures all doctrines of the Bible are treated in **wholistic**, **exhaustive** way such that it looks at the Bible **topically**. For example, what the Bible says about the nature and character of God.

Answer 139

Cast off the ultimate authority of the Roman Catholic Church and placed copies of the Bibles in the hands of everyman. * It replaced the Vulgate as the **primary source** of Scripture back to the Greek/ Hebrew source texts. * It impacted the **hermeneutic of interpreting Scripture**. * The pre-Reformation church oftentimes used an approach known as the “**quadriga**” to find a four-fold meaning: 1. original, 2. allergorical, 3. moral, and 4. heavenly meaning. The Reformers stressed the **grammtico-historical** approach, instead focusing upon the literal (according to its genre) and overall unity of the Scriptures.

Answer 140

(LC Q.87) We are to believe that at the last day there shall be a general resurrection of the dead, both of the **just and unjust**: when they that are then found alive shall in a moment be changed; and the selfsame bodies of the dead which were laid in the grave, **being then again united to their souls forever**, shall be **raised up by the power of Christ**. The **bodies of the just**, by the _Spirit of Christ_, and by _virtue of his resurrection_ as their head, shall be raised in **power**, **spiritual**, **incorruptible**, and made **like to his glorious body**; and the **bodies of the wicked** shall be raised up in **dishonor** by him, _as an offended judge_.

Answer 141

(LC Q. 88) Immediately after the resurrection shall follow * the **general and final judgment** of angels and men; * the **day and hour** whereof no man knoweth, * that all may **watch and pray**, and be **ever ready** for the coming of the Lord.

Answer 142

Classical – also know as “Teleological” or “Rational” argues for the existence of God based on the seemingly purposeful order of the universe and that there must be a “Master Architect”. It is often heard in the argument for the existence of God based on the observation that all species were apparently designed.

Answer 143

Cosmological - A family of arguments for the existence of God that postulate God’s existence as the ultimate cause or ground or explanation of the cosmos.

Answer 144

Empirical – belief that God’s existence can be proven through internal experience (thoughts, emotions) or external experience (sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste).

Answer 145

Moral - The argument first used by Immanuel Kant, which claims that morality (humans’ seeking the “highest good”) presupposes the existence of God, who is both the lawgiver and the judge who will reward humankind’s moral striving. More recently, C. S. Lewis offered a revision of the moral argument.

Answer 146

Arguments for the existence of God, as God is understood by theists. (See theism.) Such arguments may be intended as proofs or merely as arguments that confirm or increase the probability or plausibility of belief that God exists. Some of the most important theistic arguments include the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, the teleological argument and the moral argument.

Answer 147

Ontological - A classical argument for God’s existence holding that the concept of God entails the real existence of God. It was first elaborated by St \*Anselm, who urged that God must exist since ‘God’ means ‘that than which nothing greater can be conceived’ (id quo nihil majus cogitari posit) and since nothing lacking extra-mental existence could be that than which nothing greater can be conceived.

Answer 148

We don’t. We start with the presupposition that He does exist and then point to creation and the knowledge written in our hearts/ mind testifying to His existence. The existence of God does not need to be proven but the starting point in that He does exist and that human experience makes sense on when viewed in the light of God’s existence

Answer 149

Teleological - An argument for the existence of God that takes as its starting point the purposive (teleological) character of the universe. The argument is often termed “the argument from design” and comes in many different versions.

Answer 150

Presupppositional

Answer 151

By this is meant that every part of man (his mind, his will, his emotions, his affections, his conscience, his body) is rendered corrupt and are utterly incapable of saving themselves. Romans 1.

Answer 152

**Partial** depravity – assumes that not every part of man is depraved but there **exists some part of man that is still good** and **untouched by sin** (self-esteem hermeneutic). Thus man is not entirely opposed to God nor is he fully at enmity with Him. **Absolute** depravity – assumes that man is **as bad and depraved as he can be**. Although, there seems to be confusion as some liken this to the same doctrine of total depravity.

Answer 153

Trichotomy - often refers to the theory that humans are composed of three distinct components: body, spirit, and soul

Answer 154

The ontological aspect refers to the eternal character of the Holy Trinity, antecedent to all creational and redemptive history, and in their ontology or Being, there is absolute and eternal equality

Answer 155

The term is used to communicate that God exists three persons that are one true, eternal God; the same in substance, equal in power and glory, although distinguished by the person properties of each. (LC Q.9): The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit. Also look at LC Q.11

Answer 156

The economy of salvation refers to the manifestation of the three persons of the Trinity and their relationship to the world, particularly in the outworking of salvation (also known as the economical trinity). The economical aspect has reference to the * **creational**, * **providential** and * **historico-redemptive work** of the Trinity, in which there is **a certain historical order and temporary subordination** among the Persons in terms **of their work in bringing salvation**. In this respect, the Father is **first**, the Son **second**, and the Holy Spirit **third**. Yet in the ultimate sense, this historical order does not mean that there is any antecedent inequality among the Persons of the Triune Being.

Answer 157

New Testament: Baptism of Jesus Luke 3:21,22; Great Commission Matt 28:19, 1 John 5:7

Answer 158

Old Testament: Genesis 1:26, 11:7; Spirit is spoken of as a distinct person Isa 48:16; Angel of the Lord is a divine person Genesis 16:7-13

Answer 159

The Father is the first person of the Trinity, appoints people unto election, and eternally generates the Son and send the Spirit but it neither generated nor sent.

Answer 160

The Son is the second person of the Trinity, redeems and mediates for those whom the Father elects, and is eternally generated by the Father and sends the Spirit.

Answer 161

The Spirit is the third member of the Trinity, regenerates, instructs, leads, and illuminates those whom the Father has elected and the Son redeemed. The Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.

Answer 162

By unity, we mean that is has a **consistent theme** bound together in the Unity of **Christ**, coming from a **single mind** (God). Diversity, we refer to the differences in * **content** (OT -\> points toward coming of Christ, NT -\> describes the fulfillment), * different **forms** (prophecy, apostolical, poetry, didactic, historical), * difference in **language** (Hebrew, Greek), * **style** (according to the styles of each different author used by the Spirit). We say the unity is an organic unity growing out of a progressive revelation and not a mere mechanical unity.

Answer 163

The Bible claims divine inspiration in 2 Peter 1:19-21 stating men spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit and in 2 Timothy 3:16 stating that all Scripture is described as coming out of the mouth of God. Even Jeremiah in 1:4 claimed God put His words directly into his mouth. New Testament is placed on the same level of inspiration of the Old Testament in 2 Peter 3:15-16 (..as they do the other Scriptures-\> classifies Paul’s writing as Scripture) and 1 Timothy 5:18 (references a worker being worthy of His wages from Luke 10).

Answer 164

NT writers do quote the OT with varying degrees of precision, from precise quotes to paraphrases. There is no error involved in this type of quotation, as long as there is **no claim to verbatim quotation**. Careful study of the OT contexts shows that the NT quotes the OT with great care and profundity, being **sensitive to the OT context**.

Answer 165

Scientific textual criticism is good at showing the probable original text; and variations are very minor, with no doctrines depending on the outcome. An abundance of textual material is available for text-critical research.

Answer 166

Many of these can be shown to arise from **faulty copying** or **translating**. Inspiration applies to the autographs, the **_original writings_**. Errors of copying or translating **do not negate** this doctrine. To **prove** an error or contradiction, it must first be proved that the reading is in the original text. Supposed contradictions usually can be shown to be based on **faulty or superficial exegesis**.

Answer 167

These passages are misinterpreted. Rom 3:5-6, “What shall we say? That God is unjust in bringing his wrath on us? (I am using a human argument.) Certainly not!”

Answer 168

This **cannot be proved** in any particular instance. 1. While modern scientific theories may contradict the Bible, **no proven fact** has. 2. The Bible must be **interpreted properly**; when it is, there is **no contradiction** between the Bible and correct science.

Answer 169

1. Paul says: “**Which things also we speak, not in words which man’s wisdom teacher, but which the Spirit teacheth; comparing spiritual things with spiritual**” (1 Cor 2:13). 2. In **Hebrews**, there are many quotations from the Old Testament: 1:5; 2:12, 13; 3:7; 4:4, 5, 7; 8:10; 10:15–17 which are **cited, not as words of some individual writer, but as words of God**.

Answer 170

The Scriptures teach a general idea. The writers of Scripture captured the thought but not the actual inspired Words.The Scriptures main purpose is to teach about Christ, everything else is incidental.The actual words are not important. The Bible is rather a book of religious experiences showing the path towards God and the experience of Him. ---\> Without verbal inspiration, the bible is left as a **generally icy** book with no feeling or **experience** of warmth. * generally -\> general idea of thought * experience -\> book of religious experiences * Isolates Christ -\> the real important is about Christ, none of the other words matter

Answer 171

1. Moses constantly speaks of verbal revelations given him from Jehovah: e.g., Exodus 3:4, 5:1. 2. Jeremiah 1:9: “Then the Lord put forth his hand and touched my mouth; and the Lord said unto me, Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth.” 3. Ezekiel 3:4, 10, 11 is told to receive and speak the words of Jehovah. And this is **characteristic of the prophets** in general .

Answer 172

The Bible makes no claim to be written as a science book, with high precision. It is written on the popular level, with many interesting and vivid figures of speech and ordinary expressions. Besides, we ourselves (and even scientists!) use such expressions in daily conversation.

Answer 173

Yes, otherwise everyone is able to decide which parts are inspired and which parts are not thus leading to the approach “What does it mean to you” resulting in Scripture ultimately not meaning anything.

Answer 174

Dynamic – the Scriptures were written not under the direction of the Spirit but rather the writers intended to capture the general revelation or idea of their understanding and experiences. The Bible may contain the Words of God but not necessarily are all the word His.

Answer 175

Mechanical – the Scriptures were caused to be written in such a way that the writers themselves did not contribute to the contents or form of the writings but were completely and utterly controlled by the Spirit.

Answer 176

Organic – the Scriptures were developed in such a way that God used His created beings with the * **character**, * **temperaments**, * **gifts**, * **talents**, * **education**, etc. and prompted them to write **what He wanted as He wanted it written**. This would require the **suppression of their sin from any influence upon the writing of Scripture**. 2 Peter 3:1,2, 16; Rev -\> now this is Jesus speaking to the churches; Col -\> make sure you read the epistle I wrote to Laodiceans

Answer 177

Didactic means “teaching”, intending to provide instruction and training.

Answer 178

It is not precisely clear when the spiritual world was created. Job 38:7 tells us the angels rejoiced when the stars were created on Day 4. Colossians 1:16 does tell us that the angels were created by God. They were created with a free will to choose sin (Isaiah 14:13-14) and to praise His name (Psalm 103:20,21)

Answer 179

Man was created by God on the sixth day from the dust of the ground and given charge to tend the garden, the woman was made from his rib, they were endued with living, reasonable, and immortal souls; made after God’s image with His law written on their hearts, and given dominion over the creatures. They were to populate the earth.

Answer 180

(LC Q#28) The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind, a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart, horror of conscience, and vile affections; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes, and all other evils that befall us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments, together with death itself.

Answer 181

That God causes all things to come to pass immutably and infallibly; yet, by the same providence, he orders them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently. (WC #5, Section 2) He could have been the primary and only cause of all effects but He so chose to govern the world with patterns and regularities where some events or actions cause other events or actions. This does not imply deism but that God immediately wills and governs all things according to His will without violating the free will of His creatures.

Answer 182

An allegory is a story or a poem that is used to communicate a greater lesson beyond the initial meaning. An example would be rich man, the poor man, and the sheep between David and Nathan (2 Samuel 12:1-4). Another example is the parable of the sower in Mark 4:14-20.

Answer 183

**Outward** -\> Actual sin, is of omission or commission. Again, both these are in the words or deeds. **Inward**, is of the * **mind,** * **will, and** * **affections.** The actual sin of both will and affection, is every wicked motion, inclination and desire, Gal. 5:17, “For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would.”

Answer 184

Logically, conversion follows regeneration. the turning of a sinner to God (Acts 15:3). As regeneration is the renewment of the soul’s nature by the power of the Holy Ghost, so conversion is the forthputting in act of that new nature, a positive turning “from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God” (Acts 26:18). In common usage it denotes the change of heart and life experienced by one who becomes a true believer.

Answer 185

(LC Q.67) Effectual calling is the work of God's almighty power and grace, whereby (out of his free and special love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto) he doth, in his accepted time, invite and draw them to Jesus Christ, by his word and Spirit; savingly enlightening their minds, renewing and powerfully determining their wills, so as they (although in themselves dead in sin) are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, and to accept and embrace the grace offered and conveyed therein.

Answer 186

(LC Q.79) True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God, and his decree and covenant to give them perseverance, their inseparable union with Christ, his continual intercession for them, and the Spirit and seed of God abiding in them, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace, but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation. (Phil 1:6)

Answer 187

Predestination is the purpose of God respecting the destination of His moral creatures, to include both mankind and angels. Predestination includes two parts: election and reprobation.

Answer 188

In Tit. 3:5 it is employed to designate that change of heart and life in every subject of divine grace which is effected by the agency of the Holy Spirit. It is called being “born again” (John 3:3)

Answer 189

(WFC 14.1)The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls, is the work of the Sprit of Christ in their hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word, by which also, and by the administration of the sacraments, and prayer, it is increased and strengthened.

Answer 190

A synonym is so called when two or more words are similar in meaning. Synonymous use of words in Scripture is important because it is how the Spirit teaches us. Synonyms are useful to cause us to pay attention and think about a topic in different ways such that we might better understand the meaning.

Answer 191

The Bible is self-authenticating and self-attesting because it is God’s inspired and infallible Word with God Himself as the final authority. Therefore, it does not need to be validated or affirmed by an external authority.

Answer 192

(LC Q.68) All the elect, and they only, are effectually called; although others may be, and often are, outwardly called by the ministry of the word, and have some common operations of the Spirit; who, for their willful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being justly left in their unbelief, do never truly come to Jesus Christ.

Answer 193

It examines the way in which words are used in connection with other words in a sentence according to the rules of grammar for a particular language. Words have a single meaning in their immediate context and this is dictate by their location and relationship to other words. Since the Scriptures were written by men as they were carried along by the Spirit, it is understood the Spirit caused His words to be written so that they could be understood. The way to understand them is by understand their syntax.

Answer 194

Autonomy derives from two Greek words: auto (“self”) and nomos (“law”). It effectively means “self-law,” or “self-rule.” Human autonomy asserts that man’s reasoning is the ultimate criterion of knowledge and man’s will alone determines his law, makes its own choices, and exercises its own free will as he desires.

Answer 195

Common Grace is the grace God gives to creation as a whole, to the just and unjust. In this universal **non-salvific** form of grace, God allows the sun to shine upon both the righteous and the unrighteous. God endures for the sake of those who would believe. Psalm 145 - * God **sheds his goodness on all** mankind and all that He created * He **restrains evil and it's effects** from the 4 corners of the earth **along with His wrath** His justice and wrath and are therefore **justified** because man did not glorify God with the knowledge and goodness He exhibited (Romans 1)

Answer 196

That man is created as a reasonable and immortal soul, endued with knowledge, righteousness and true holiness after His image. Being thus endued and knowing right from wrong, he is therefore required to choose righteousness and glorify His creator.

Answer 197

The Arminian view of sin teaches that at the fall, man did not exit totally depraved but still retains an ability to freely choose God. Thus, not being enslaved to sin, he can synergistically effect His salvation.

Answer 198

(LC Q#26) Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so al all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.

Answer 199

These are two degrees of the analogy of faith. The positive analogy is * the **most important** and * deals with teachings in the Bible about which there is **no confusion** and * Scripture is **clear** and * **positively stated in several places**. A general analogy deals with teachings that * **rest on Scripture as a whole** * but for which there is **no single explicit verse** nor supported by an abundance of passages.

Answer 200

Sin is essentially * a **breaking away** from God, * **opposition** to God, and * **transgression** of the law of God. Sin should always be defined in terms of man’s relation to God and to His will as expressed in the moral law.

Answer 201

**Ad Fontes** – the pre-Reformation church invested authority in the church itself and interpreted Scripture according to its traditions and often was allegorical. The post-Reformation church strove to let **Scripture be the ultimate source** of authority and to derive meaning from the text. Reformed hermeneutics is covenantal. Christ-centered, law/gospel.

Answer 202

The nature is that it is full and complete, both certainly and effectually applied. It was vicariously applied on our behalf through the propitiation of Christ, satisfying the wrath of God thus righting the wrong done unto Him and reconciling both man and God. The extent of the atonement is such that it applies to the elect, to those whom the Father had given Him. (WCF 8.5).

Answer 203

The Holy Spirit effects a quickening, a regeneration which gives the elect a new nature thus enabling them to believe.

Answer 204

You can separate modern Bible translations into two basic groups—**formal** equivalency and **dynamic** equivalency. Formal equivalency attempts a word for word rendition, providing as literal a translation as possible. Dynamic equivalency is more like a paraphrase, trying to convey ideas thought by thought.

Answer 205

To be a faithful preacher, you must know the truth. Paul was “a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth” (1 Timothy 2:7). When Paul preached, he spoke the truth. The world already has too many men who preach lies. So please do not preach unless you preach the truth. “If anyone speaks, let him speak as the oracles of God” (1 Peter 4:11). “He who has My word, let him speak My word faithfully” (Jeremiah 23:28).

Answer 206

Mary has been deemed to be saint to whom Roman Catholics should offer prayer and adoration, that is, she has become an idol. She is treated as a protector and as a mediator and intercessor. Also attributed to Mary is the doctrine of “immaculate conception” which teaches that Mary was born without and preserved from sin. It is taught that she remained perpetually a virgin and that her body did not see corruption upon death but became a heavenly body.

Answer 207

The Renaissance produced a group known as the “Humanists” composed of scholars and educationalists. They were **interested in truth and knowledge** and therefore began to read and examine the classical writings of the church fathers and the **Hebrew and Greek texts.** This led to **questioning of church tradition and dogma** and ultimately to a **desire to reform** the church. This, then, led to a **separation** from the Roman church and the **birth of the Reformation** and Protestantism. An important figure during this time was Erasmus who believed the Vulgate possessed numerous translation errors and therefore published a Greek Text called the Novum Testamentum which was used by Lutehr, Calvin, and Tyndale.

Answer 208

The church was the ultimate authority and any/ all teachings of the church and tradition is supreme.

Answer 209

During the Middle Ages, the church used their **dogmatics** (systematic theology) to * **inform**, * **guide**, and * **direct their exegesis** so that the interpretation of Scripture would always be in alignment with and in support of their theology.

Answer 210

Only those who have been appointed by Christ and confirmed by the church. Ephesians 4:7-13

Answer 211

"How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, 'How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!' But not all Israelites accepted the good news.” Romans 10:14-15

Answer 212

The current meaning, usage, and context of the word used in Scripture has a direct impact of the meaning intended at the time it was written. If we fail to properly understand the context, we will miss the plain sense/ meaning of the phrase. Etymological studies can lead to what is know as the etymological fallacy where there original meaning of a word, or the meaning of the root of a word, influences and directs the meaning of all current and future usages of that word. For example, the English word “nice” no longer possesses its original Latin root meaning “ignorant”. Another example can be the different contextual usage of the word “law” within Romans 3. Also, within this fallacy is the tendency to define all compound words but their components parts, e.g. “butter” and “fly”.

Answer 213

It can limit the development of understanding Scripture in its totality.

Answer 214

We must be careful because not all historical narrative can be seen as prescriptive. Sometimes it is descriptive. For example, we would not take the crossing of the Red Sea in a prescriptive sense in that we should drown all Egyptians.

Licensure Study Flashcards

licensure (238 cards)