Lids And Conjunctiva Flashcards
What is the structure of the eyelid composed of?
Skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi, orbital septum and tarsus, levator palpebrae superioris, smooth muscle (Muller’s muscle)
The eyelid has a complex structure that includes multiple layers and muscles.
What are the main muscles involved in eyelid function?
Orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae superioris, superior tarsal muscle
These muscles are crucial for eyelid movement and function.
What is the function of the eyelid?
- Protection from bright light and trauma
- Lubrication via tear film distribution
- Maintaining the position of the globe
Eyelids play critical roles in eye health and function.
What are the layers of the eyelid?
Anterior lamella, posterior lamella
The eyelid is divided into two layers separated by the grey line.
What is the purpose of the Meibomian glands?
They produce meibum, preventing evaporation of the tear film
These glands are essential for maintaining tear film stability.
What is ectropion?
Outward turning of the eyelid
This condition can lead to exposure and irritation of the eye.
What is entropion?
Inward turning of the eyelid
This condition can cause eyelashes to irritate the cornea.
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Involuntary blinking, voluntary closing, tear drainage
This muscle has multiple portions, each with specific functions.
What is the innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Superior division of CN III
This muscle is responsible for elevating the upper eyelid.
What is Horner’s syndrome?
A condition caused by sympathetic lesions leading to ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
Horner’s syndrome results from disruption in sympathetic pathways.
What are the components of the conjunctiva?
Palpebral conjunctiva, fornical conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva
Each part has specific anatomical and functional characteristics.
What is the primary function of the conjunctiva?
- Lubrication of the eye
- Immune defense
The conjunctiva helps protect the eye from pathogens and facilitates smooth movement.
What type of epithelium is found in the bulbar conjunctiva?
Stratified columnar epithelium
This type of epithelium is important for its protective function.
What is the blood supply of the conjunctiva?
- Ophthalmic artery
- Palpebral arteries
- Anterior ciliary arteries
These arteries ensure adequate blood supply to the conjunctival tissues.
Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the conjunctiva?
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) and maxillary nerve (CN V2)
These nerves are responsible for sensation in different regions of the conjunctiva.
What is the role of Langerhans cells in the conjunctiva?
Help prime immune response (antigen-presenting)
These cells play a crucial role in the immune defense of the eye.
What causes ptosis in oculomotor nerve palsy?
Paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris
This condition leads to drooping of the eyelid due to muscle dysfunction.
What is the clinical significance of the orbital septum?
Separates lids from orbit, clinically significant for infections
Infections can spread from the eyelids to the brain if the septum is compromised.
What are the glands of the conjunctiva?
- Glands of Krause
- Glands of Wolfring
- Glands of Henle
These glands secrete mucus and contribute to tear film stability.
What is the significance of the lacrimal puncta?
Drains tears from the eye into the lacrimal system
Proper function of the puncta is essential for tear drainage.
Fill in the blank: The eyelids are separated into two layers (lamellae) by the ___ ___.
grey line
Fill in the blank: The anterior lamella consists of skin and ___.
orbicularis oculi
Fill in the blank: The posterior lamella consists of ___ and conjunctiva.
tarsus
The superior tarsal muscle is also known as ___ muscle.
Muller’s
