LCS W1 - Understanding and Strengthening the Self

Question 1

Children strive to do things for themselves, like dressing, feeding, or using the toilet.

Answer 1

autonomy

Question 2

the condition of being lower in status or quality than another or others

Answer 2

inferiority

Question 3

a situation in which something stays the same and does not grow or develop

Answer 3

stagnation

Question 4

a person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance

Answer 4

ego

Question 5

the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe

Answer 5

assertiveness

Question 6

a concern for people besides oneself and family that usually develops during middle age

Answer 6

generativity

Question 7

a branch of psychology with the goal of understanding people—how they develop, grow, and change throughout their lives

Answer 7

human development

Question 8

It proposes that personality development occurs throughout the lifespan in eight stages, each marked by a conflict between two opposing forces. Successfully navigating these conflicts leads to healthy personality development and the acquisition of virtues, while failure can hinder future development

Answer 8

theory of psychosocial development

Question 9

Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 9

Erik Erikson

Question 10

infancy

Answer 10

0-1½ years

Question 11

early childhood

Answer 11

1½-3

Question 12

play age/preschool

Answer 12

3-6

Question 13

shool age

Answer 13

6-12

Question 14

adolescence

Answer 14

12-20

Question 15

early adulthood

Answer 15

20-35

Question 16

middle adulthood

Answer 16

35-65

Question 17

late adulthood

Answer 17

65+

Question 18

In this stage of human development, infants learn to trust based on how well their caregivers meet their basic needs and respond when they cry. If an infant cries out to be fed, the parent can either meet this need by feeding and comforting the infant or not meet this need by ignoring the infant. When their needs are met, infants learn that relying on others is safe. When their needs go unmet, infants grow up to be less trusting.

Answer 18

Stage 1 - Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy, 0-18 months)

Question 19

This stage focuses on the child’s developing sense of independence and self-control as they explore their world. When children are encouraged to be independent and explore the world on their own, toddlers will grow up with a sense of self-efficacy.

Answer 19

Stage 2 - Toddlerhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months - 3 years)

Question 20

This is the stage where children learn to assert themselves and speak up when they need something. If this assertiveness is greeted with a positive reaction, they learn that taking initiative is helpful behavior. However, if they’re made to feel guilty or ashamed for their assertiveness, they may grow up to be timid and less likely to take the lead.

Answer 20

Stage 3 - Preschool Years: Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)

Question 21

This is the stage where they start to compare themselves with peers. If children feel they’re accomplished in relation to peers, they develop strong self-esteem. However, if they notice that other children have met milestones that they haven’t, they may struggle with self-esteem.

Answer 21

Stage 4 - Early School Years: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)

Question 22

This stage is where the term identity crisis originated, and for good reason. Adolescence is all about developing a sense of self. Adolescents who can clearly identify who they are grow up with stronger goals and self-knowledge than teenagers who struggle to break free of their parents’ or friends’ influences.

Answer 22

Stage 5 - Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years)

Question 23

This stage, which begins roughly at age 20, people begin to solidify their lifelong bonds; many people enter committed relationships or marriages, while others form lifelong friendships. People who can create and maintain these relationships reap the emotional benefits, while those who struggle to maintain relationships may suffer from isolation. A young adult who develops strong friendships in college may feel more intimacy than one who struggles to form and maintain close friendships.

Answer 23

Stage 6 - Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-35 years)

Question 24

This stage is where people tend to struggle with their contributions to society. They may be busy raising children or pursuing careers. Those who feel that they’re contributing experience generativity, which is the sense of leaving a legacy. On the other hand, those who don’t feel that their work or lives matter may experience feelings of stagnation.

Answer 24

Stage 7 - Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 years)

Question 25

As adults reach the end of life, they look back on their lives and reflect. Adults who feel fulfilled by their lives, either through a successful family or a meaningful career, reach ego integrity, in which they can face aging and dying with peace. If older adults don't feel that they've lived a good life, they risk falling into despair.

Answer 25

Stage 8 - Late Adulthood: Integrity vs. Despair (65+ years)