Life and Death Flashcards
A reduction in cell size is known as ________
Atrophy
_______ is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its componentcells.
Hypertrophy
______ is where the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number.
Hyperplasia
Necrosis requires _____ energy
No
Name the three types of necrosis
Coagulative
Caseous
Liquefactive
In coagulative necrosis what is left behind?
The cell outline
In liquefactive necrosis what cell structure remains?
None
Caseous necrosis is a form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a _____ like appearance. The dead tissue appears as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass
Cheese
Caseous necrosis is usually associated with _______
Tuberculosis
Define apoptosis
Programmed cell death in response to specific signals
Does apoptosis require energy
Yes
Sometimes cell death is physiological and part of normal growth where we need cells to die off, give an example.
In embryonic development, hands and feet are initially webbed, the cells in-between fingers/toes need to die in order to have individual digits.
Give 6 examples of when apoptosis becomes pathological
- In response to injury
- Radiation (including UV)
- Chemotherapy
- Viral Infection (hepatitis)
- Cancers
- Graft vs host disease (in transplant patients)
All mechanisms rely on activating caspases. These follow two pathways, _____ or ______
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
The death receptor initiated pathway is also known as the ______ pathway.
Extrinsic
