life as an integrative level of organization

Question 1

what is taxonomy

Answer 1

the science of naming groups of biological organisms on shared characteristics

Question 2

what is the three domains of taxonomy

Answer 2

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 3

what are some commonly accepted kingdoms

Answer 3

archaebacteria
eubacteria
fungi
plants
animals
protista:
(any eukaryotic organism thats not a plant or fungus

Question 4

based on organization of cellular structures how many groups can cells be divided into

Answer 4

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 5

what is cytoplasm

Answer 5

the material within a eukaryotic cell enclosed by the cell membrane, except the nucleous

Question 6

what is nucleoplasm

Answer 6

material within the nucleus

Question 7

what is cytosol

Answer 7

the fluid part of the cytoplasm

Question 8

what is intracellular fluid

Answer 8

all the fluids present inside of the cell

Question 9

all living organisms contain…

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

what is DNA

Answer 10

it harbors genes

Question 11

where is the DNA blueprint from

Answer 11

its transmitted from parents to off spring

Question 12

the mechanism for reading DNA blue print is…

Answer 12

common to all forms of life

Question 13

what is a prokaryotes nucleoid like

Answer 13

it is a single circular molecule

Question 14

in a prokaryote what is the plasma membrane surrounded by

Answer 14

a cell wall coated with a glycocalyx

Question 15

how does many bacteria and archaean move

Answer 15

using long flagella

Question 16

how can cells be extracted and analyzed through cell fractionation

Answer 16

through centrifugation

Question 17

in centrifugation what is the heaviest thing that can be separated

Answer 17

nuclei

Question 18

following te nuclei what is the second heaviest thing that is extracted

Answer 18

mitochondria

Question 19

following the mitochondria what is the third heaviest thing that can be extracted

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

how much force is required to centrifuges out the nuclei

Answer 20

500g (500x the force of gravity)

Question 21

how much force is requires to centrifuges out the mitochondria

Answer 21

20,000g

Question 22

how much force is required to centrifuges out the ribosomes

Answer 22

150,000g

Question 23

where does the mitocondria come from

Answer 23

from the mother cell

Question 24

what are genes organized into

Answer 24

chromosmones

Question 25

what are chromosomes

Answer 25

a condensed form of DNA

Question 26

what does the chromo and somes mean

Answer 26

cromo-colour somes-body

Question 27

what point in the cellular cycle will chromatin compact

Answer 27

in prophase

Question 28

are chromosomes transcriputally active

Answer 28

no they must relax into chromatin

Question 29

what makes up the nuclear envolope

Answer 29

nuclear pores phospholipid bilayer space between nuclear membranes inner nuclear membrane on the outside: nuclear pores ribosomes

Question 30

what is an amino acid chain

Answer 30

a polypeptide chain

Question 31

what kind of bonds are peptide bonds

Answer 31

covalent bonds

Question 32

what is the nucleoplasm

Answer 32

a gel like fluid within the nucleus

Question 33

what makes up the nucleoplasm

Answer 33

-filled with chromatin

Question 34

what is chromatin in the nucleoplasm

Answer 34

-a complex of relaxed DNA molecules and protein -during cell devision, chromatin coiled into the highly condensed chromosomes

Question 35

were is the nucleous

Answer 35

within the nucleus

Question 36

what is the nucleous the site for

Answer 36

the site of rRNA transcription, processing and ribosome assembly in eukaryotes

Question 37

what do rRNA aggregates do with proteins

Answer 37

they assemble the ribosomal subunits that exist the nucleous through nuclear pore complexes

Question 38

how are ribosomes constructed

Answer 38

out of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a variety of proteins

Question 39

what happens at the ribosomes

Answer 39

it is the site of translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains

Question 40

what are the two major subunits ribosomes are made of and what are there functions

Answer 40

the small subunits reads the mRNA the large subunit-the catalytic subunit