Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CIVE40007 – Materials > Life Cycle Assessment Part 1 > Flashcards

Life Cycle Assessment Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are structures with design life of less than 50 years called?

A

Temporary structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an example of a temp structure?

A

London Eye - intended to be dismantled after 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the design life of structure of most buildings?

A
  • 50-80 years
  • Skin of the structure - 15 to 25 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the design life of most bridges and tunnels?

A

100/120 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the design life of some iconic public buildings like ‘Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral’?

A

> 120 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What has a design life of 1000 years?

A

Deep repositories for high level radioactive waste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the life cycle stages?

A
  1. Material production → Natural resources
  2. Product manufacture → Planning, Design and Construction
  3. Product use → including maintenance and repair
  4. End of first life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would be the likely impacts of building a new road bridge over the River Thames (financial impacts)?

A

Stimulates GDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up sustainability?

A
  1. Planet
  2. Profit
  3. People
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 capitals in the LCA?

A
  • Natural Capital
  • Human and Social Capital
  • Manufacture Capital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is natural capital?

A

Clean air, productive land, fresh water, oceans, biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does E-LCA stand for?

A

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does S-LCA stand for?

A

Social Life Cycle Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does LCC stand for?

A

Life Cycle Costing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What steps must you take in the LCSA?

A
  1. First you do individual assessments of the 3 Capitals
  2. Then you do merge assessments → LCSA
  3. Then you do a sustainability analysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is eco-centric?

A

Having a serious concern for environmental issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is bio-centric?

A

The ethical perspective is that all living things deserve equal moral consideration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is anthropocentric?

A

Considering human beings as the most significant entity of the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is system boundary A?

A

It encloses a single phase of the life cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is system boundary B?

A

It encloses the direct inputs and emissions of the entire life.

22
Q

Why does it not make sense to place the system boundary at C?

A

It does not have a well-defined edge

23
Q

What are the social disbenefits of new civil infrastructure?

A
  • Compulsory purchase of obstructing property
  • Disruption during construction
  • Increased noise levels (around new transport links)
24
Q

What are areas of protection?

A

Aspects we wish to preserve/support

25
What is the life cycle costing?
Estimation of the whole life cost of an asset (e.g. a bridge)
26
What is included in cost?
- Operation - Maintenance - Inflation - End of life - Externalities - Cost of capital - Installation
27
What are examples of life cycle costs?
- Construction - Operation/Occupancy - Maintenance - End of life
28
What's involved in construction of the life cycle cost?
- Design fees, Planning costs - Construction work (materials, labor, profit)
29
What's involved in the operation/occupancy of the life cycle cost?
- Interest payments on the capital used to pay for the infrastructure - Cleaning, Energy, Security (these could be whole life costs)
30
What's involved the maintenance of the life cycle cost?
- Inspections - Adaptation - Replacement of elements and repairs
31
What's involved in the end of life of the life cycle cost?
- Residual value - Demolition
32
What is externalities?
An Externality is a cost that you create but don’t pay.
33
What have gov regulations done to do with externalities?
Shifted the cost of some externalities onto those who created them → polluter pays policy
34
What are life cycle costs?
Life Cycle Costs are those associated directly with constructing and operating the infrastructure
35
What are whole life cycle costs?
Whole Life Costs also include income from operating the infrastructure and support costs associated with infrastructure activity.
36
What are fixed costs?
Fixed costs are the upfront costs incurred at the start of life - to plan, design and construct.
37
What are variable costs?
- Are the later costs – to maintain, operate, and possibly demolish - These are the future costs
38
What is present value?
A metric that combines all costs and reduces (or discounts) those costs that occur in the future.
39
What is the discount factor?
f = 1/(1+d)^(y-1)
40
What are the steps in estimating life-cycle costs?
- Goals and scope → who is it for? etc. - Inventory complications → financial parameters, fixed costs - Impact assessment → Present value - Interpretation and AoPs → Net present value
41
What is an E-LCA?
An E-LCA explores environmental impacts of the life of a product (e.g. a building) or service (e.g a railway).
42
What is an environmental impact?
An environmental impact is an alteration of the initial characteristics of the environment caused by a project or activity.
43
What are examples of environmental impacts?
- human health; - the welfare of the flora and fauna; or - the future availability of natural resources
44
What are the main environmental impact categories?
- Resource depletion - Water demand - Energy demand - Greenhouse gases - Waste and pollution
45
What are critical materials?
Materials you need, but may find hard to get
46
What % of critical materials in in US data are sand, gravel and stone?
72%
47
What fraction of water is freshwater?
0.8%
48
How much has world wide demand for water gone up by?
tripled in the past 50 years
49
What are the 3 categories for fresh water consumptions?
1. Municipal 2. Industry 3. Agriculture
50
What materials have high embodied energy?
- Silver - Ti alloys

CIVE40007 – Materials (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions