life cycles Flashcards
Which of the following is a key nutritional recommendation for women in the preconception period?
A) Reduce protein intake
B) Increase sodium consumption
C) Begin folic acid supplementation
D) Eliminate all dietary fats
C) Begin folic acid supplementation
- During lactation, energy needs are approximately how many calories above pre-pregnancy requirements (for the first 6 months postpartum)?
A) 150 kcal/day
B) 330 kcal/day
C) 450 kcal/day
D) 600 kcal/day
B) 330 kcal/day
Which nutrient is especially important during preconception to prevent neural tube defects?
A) Vitamin D
B) Iron
C) Folate
D) Calcium
C) Folate
Which vitamin is generally not recommended in high doses during pregnancy due to teratogenic effects?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
What is the protein requirement during the second half of pregnancy?
A) 0.8 g/kg
B) 1.0 g/kg
C) 1.1 g/kg
D) 1.5 g/kg
C) 1.1 g/kg
A lactating woman is concerned about her infant’s vitamin D status. What is the Canadian recommendation for breastfed infants?
A) 100 IU/day
B) 200 IU/day
C) 400 IU/day
D) 800 IU/day
C) 400 IU/day
In preconception care, what is the recommended amount of folic acid supplementation for most low-risk women?
A) 0.1 mg/day
B) 0.4 mg/day
C) 1.0 mg/day
D) 5.0 mg/day
B) 0.4 mg/day
Which of the following is a risk factor for poor nutritional status during lactation?
A) Consuming dairy daily
B) Multiple births (twins, triplets)
C) Regular physical activity
D) Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
B) Multiple births (twins, triplets)
Which micronutrient is prioritized during pregnancy due to increased blood volume and fetal development?
A) Iodine
B) Zinc
C) Iron
D) Magnesium
C) Iron
What is the recommended fluid intake for a woman who is exclusively breastfeeding?
A) 1.5 L/day
B) 2.0 L/day
C) 2.7 L/day
D) 3.8 L/day
C) 2.7 L/day
Patient: A 32-year-old woman is planning pregnancy and follows a vegan diet.
Question: Which nutrients should be prioritized in her preconception plan?
A) Protein, omega-6 fatty acids, calcium
B) Folate, vitamin B12, iron, DHA
C) Vitamin A, potassium, sodium
D) Vitamin C, zinc, fluoride
B) Folate, vitamin B12, iron, DHA
A woman in her third trimester complains of fatigue and shortness of breath. Her hemoglobin is 98 g/L.
Question: Which dietary advice is most appropriate?
A) Increase intake of dairy products
B) Recommend iron-rich foods with vitamin C
C) Reduce fluid intake
D) Increase fiber intake only
B) Recommend iron-rich foods with vitamin C
A new mother is breastfeeding exclusively and is concerned about whether her diet affects milk supply.
Question: What is the most evidence-based guidance?
A) Milk production is highly dependent on protein intake
B) Hydration and frequent nursing are key; milk quality is generally maintained
C) She must follow a high-carb diet to produce enough milk
D) Caloric intake has no impact on milk supply
B) Hydration and frequent nursing are key; milk quality is generally maintained
A 29-year-old woman at 8 weeks gestation has been experiencing nausea and vomiting daily.
Question: What is the best initial nutrition intervention?
A) Recommend high-fiber meals
B) Suggest small, frequent meals and dry foods like crackers
C) Start parenteral nutrition
D) Eliminate all dairy and citrus
B) Suggest small, frequent meals and dry foods like crackers
A 26-year-old woman with a BMI of 31 is planning to conceive.
Question: What is a priority recommendation regarding weight and nutrition?
A) Begin high-protein diet
B) Lose weight rapidly before pregnancy
C) Achieve modest weight loss if possible and begin prenatal supplementation
D) Avoid supplementation until pregnancy is confirmed
C) Achieve modest weight loss if possible and begin prenatal supplementation
What is the recommended age to introduce solid foods to an infant, according to Canadian guidelines?
A) 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 9 months
C) 6 months
Which nutrient is most likely to be deficient in exclusively breastfed infants after 6 months of age?
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Vitamin A
D) Zinc
B) Iron
A toddler (1–3 years old) is at increased risk of choking. Which of the following is an appropriate feeding recommendation?
A) Give hard candies to increase calorie intake
B) Allow unsupervised eating
C) Avoid whole grapes, raw carrots, and nuts
D) Encourage large portions to promote growth
C) Avoid whole grapes, raw carrots, and nuts
For preschoolers (3–5 years), which feeding behavior is developmentally appropriate?
A) Refusing new foods repeatedly
B) Consistent interest in vegetables
C) Predictable eating patterns every day
D) Consuming adult-sized meals
A) Refusing new foods repeatedly
What is a key strategy for promoting healthy eating habits in school-aged children (6–12 years)?
A) Strict calorie counting
B) Food rewards for behavior
C) Family meals and role modeling
D) Limiting physical activity
C) Family meals and role modeling
What is the estimated protein requirement for an adolescent undergoing a growth spurt?
A) 0.8 g/kg
B) 1.0 g/kg
C) 1.2–1.5 g/kg
D) 2.0 g/kg
C) 1.2–1.5 g/kg
Which of the following is a common nutritional concern during adolescence?
A) Low intake of sodium
B) Excess intake of fiber
C) Inadequate calcium and iron intake
D) Excess vitamin D
C) Inadequate calcium and iron intake
For healthy adults aged 19–50, what is the recommended daily fiber intake for women?
A) 15 g
B) 25 g
C) 35 g
D) 45 g
B) 25 g
Which factor most contributes to undernutrition in older adults?
A) Increased appetite
B) Social isolation and poor dentition
C) Increased energy expenditure
D) Regular physical activity
B) Social isolation and poor dentition
