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Biology 2 Evaluation > Life Functions > Flashcards

Life Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

¿Cuáles son las tres funciones principales de la vida en biología?

A

NUTRICIÓN, INTERACCIÓN y REPRODUCCIÓN

Estas funciones son características de todos los organismos, independientemente de su nivel de organización.

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2
Q

Define NUTRICIÓN en el contexto de los organismos vivos.

A

Intercambio de materia y energía con el ambiente

Este proceso es esencial para que los organismos realicen todas sus funciones vitales.

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3
Q

¿Qué implica la función de INTERACCIÓN en los organismos vivos?

A

Detectar cambios en el entorno y responder a ellos

Esto permite a los organismos adaptarse a su ambiente y sobrevivir.

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4
Q

¿Qué es la REPRODUCCIÓN en los organismos vivos?

A

Creación de nuevos organismos

Este proceso puede ocurrir de manera sexual o asexual.

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5
Q

¿Los organismos unicelulares y multicelulares realizan funciones vitales?

A

Sí

Ambos tipos de organismos llevan a cabo nutrición, interacción y reproducción.

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6
Q

¿Qué tipo de relación tienen los peces payaso con las anémonas?

A

Relación de mutualismo

En esta relación, ambos organismos se benefician mutuamente.

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7
Q

Completa la frase: Los osos grizzly cazan salmones para obtener _______.

A

nutrientes y energía

Este comportamiento es un ejemplo de cómo los organismos obtienen lo necesario para sobrevivir.

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8
Q

¿Cómo se desarrolla el ciclo de vida de las ranas?

A

Laying eggs, growing into tadpoles, and finally developing

Este proceso ilustra la función de reproducción en los organismos.

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9
Q

What are the main life functions of organisms?

A

Nutrition, Interaction, Reproduction

These functions are essential for survival and growth.

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10
Q

What does the term ‘growth’ refer to in organisms?

A

Increasement in an organism’s size and weight

Most organisms usually stop growing after reaching a certain age.

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11
Q

What is ‘development’ in the context of life functions?

A

Changes in structure and characteristics over time

Development follows growth and involves maturation.

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12
Q

Define ‘nutrition’ in biological terms.

A

The process by which cells take in substances they need to survive

It is usually used to make energy.

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13
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Substances organisms need to maintain life

Nutrients are used in chemical reactions inside cells.

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14
Q

How do plants obtain nutrients?

A

Through roots

Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

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15
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

A

Through hyphae

Hyphae are filamentous structures that absorb nutrients from the environment.

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16
Q

How do unicellular organisms obtain nutrients?

A

From the surrounding environment

They directly absorb necessary substances through their cell membranes.

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17
Q

How do aquatic animals obtain nutrients?

A

By filtering water

Many aquatic animals have specialized structures for filtering food from the water.

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18
Q

What type of digestion do humans use?

A

Internal digestion

Humans digest food internally, breaking it down into nutrients that can be absorbed.

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19
Q

What type of digestion do spiders use?

A

External digestion

Spiders digest their food externally by secreting enzymes onto their prey.

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20
Q

What are the two main categories of nutritional value?

A

Inorganic and Organic

Inorganic refers to energetic value from sources like water and gases, while organic refers to energetic value from compounds such as proteins and fats.

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21
Q

What organisms are classified as autotrophic?

A

Plants, algae, some bacteria

Autotrophic organisms produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis.

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22
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2

This equation summarizes the process where water and carbon dioxide are converted into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

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23
Q

What organisms are classified as heterotrophic?

A

Animals, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, cells

Heterotrophic organisms obtain their food by consuming other organisms.

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24
Q

What is the basic equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + Energy + wastes

This equation describes the process where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, energy, and waste products.

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25
What are the components of the interaction process in organisms?
Stimulus, receptors, effectors, response ## Footnote This process involves detecting a stimulus, relaying the information through receptors, and executing a response via effectors.
26
Fill in the blank: __________ nutrition involves organisms that produce their own food.
Autotrophic ## Footnote Autotrophic organisms, such as plants and algae, synthesize their own nutrients.
27
Fill in the blank: __________ nutrition involves organisms that consume other organisms for food.
Heterotrophic ## Footnote Heterotrophic organisms, including animals and fungi, rely on consuming others for energy.
28
True or False: All bacteria are autotrophic.
False ## Footnote While some bacteria are autotrophic, many are heterotrophic and obtain nutrients from their environment.
29
What are external stimuli?
From living organisms / lifeless matter ## Footnote External stimuli can influence the behavior and responses of organisms.
30
What types of interactions occur between organisms?
Mutualism, Symbiosis, Prey-predator ## Footnote These interactions can significantly impact the survival and reproduction of species.
31
What physical and chemical conditions affect organisms?
* Temperature * Carbon dioxide concentration * Oxygen concentration * Salt concentration ## Footnote These factors can influence habitat suitability and organism health.
32
What are external receptors?
Five senses: Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch, Vision ## Footnote External receptors allow organisms to perceive their environment.
33
What are internal stimuli?
From internal conditions ## Footnote Internal stimuli relate to the body's state and needs.
34
What is homeostasis?
Keeping the internal conditions stable ## Footnote Homeostasis is crucial for the survival of organisms.
35
What is asexual reproduction?
Cloning ## Footnote Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth without the need for a mate.
36
What is binary fission?
Bacteria divides into two ## Footnote This is a common form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic organisms.
37
What is budding?
Hydra makes a bud that separates ## Footnote Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a parent organism.
38
What is fragmentation?
Organism breaks and grows another one (Starfish) ## Footnote Fragmentation allows certain organisms to regenerate and reproduce simultaneously.
39
What is vegetative propagation?
Reproduction with plants ## Footnote This method allows plants to reproduce asexually through structures like runners or tubers.
40
What is sporulation?
Creation of cells that spread in the air (Fungi) ## Footnote Sporulation is a method of reproduction for certain fungi, allowing them to disperse widely.
41
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual cells/gametes combine into a zygote that evolves and grows ## Footnote Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity within a population.
42
What is internal fertilization?
Occurs in humans ## Footnote Internal fertilization involves the union of gametes inside the female body.
43
What is External Fertilization?
A reproductive process where fertilization occurs outside the female's body, commonly seen in fish. ## Footnote Fish release eggs and sperm into the water for fertilization.
44
Define Viviparous.
A reproductive mode where the embryo develops inside the womb of the mother, commonly found in mammals. ## Footnote This method allows for live birth.
45
What does Oviparous mean?
A reproductive strategy where the embryo develops in an egg outside the mother's body. ## Footnote Common in many reptiles, birds, and some fish.
46
What is Ovoviviparous?
A reproductive method where the embryo develops inside eggs that are retained within the mother's body until they hatch. ## Footnote Found in some amphibians and fish.
47
What characterizes Direct Development?
Young organisms resemble their adult forms at birth or hatching. ## Footnote There is no larval stage in this development process.
48
What is Indirect Development?
A developmental process that includes metamorphosis, where organisms undergo significant changes from larval stage to adult form. ## Footnote Common in insects and amphibians.
49
What is the biggest taxon in which organisms can be classified?
Kingdom ## Footnote The highest classification rank in biological taxonomy.
50
What are the five kingdoms of organisms?
Monera, Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal ## Footnote These kingdoms categorize all living organisms based on cell structure and other characteristics.
51
What type of cell do organisms in the Monera kingdom have?
Prokaryotic ## Footnote Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
52
What type of cells do Protist, Fungi, Plant, and Animal kingdoms have?
Eukaryotic ## Footnote Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
53
What is the number of cells in the Monera kingdom?
Unicellular ## Footnote Organisms in this kingdom consist of a single cell.
54
Do organisms in the Monera kingdom have specialized tissues?
No ## Footnote Monera organisms do not develop specialized tissues.
55
What types of nutrition do organisms in the Monera kingdom use?
Autotrophic & heterotrophic ## Footnote Monera can produce their own food or consume other organisms.
56
What is the type of reproduction in the Monera kingdom?
Asexual ## Footnote Most organisms in this kingdom reproduce asexually.
57
What role do organisms in the Monera kingdom play in the ecosystem?
Producers & decomposers ## Footnote They contribute to nutrient cycling and energy flow.
58
Give an example of an organism from the Monera kingdom.
Bacteria, Cyanobacteria ## Footnote These are common examples of Monera organisms.
59
What is the number of cells in the Protist kingdom?
Unicellular & Pluricellular ## Footnote Protists can exist as single cells or multicellular forms.
60
Do organisms in the Protist kingdom have specialized tissues?
No ## Footnote Many protists do not have specialized tissues.
61
What types of nutrition do organisms in the Protist kingdom use?
Autotrophic & heterotrophic ## Footnote Protists can produce their own food or consume other organisms.
62
What is the type of reproduction in the Protist kingdom?
Asexual & sexual ## Footnote Protists can reproduce both asexually and sexually.
63
What role do organisms in the Protist kingdom play in the ecosystem?
Produces, consumers & decomposers ## Footnote They fulfill multiple roles in ecological interactions.
64
Give an example of an organism from the Protist kingdom.
Amoeba, Paramecium, algae ## Footnote These are representative examples of Protists.
65
What is the number of cells in the Fungi kingdom?
Pluricellular ## Footnote Most fungi are multicellular organisms.
66
Do organisms in the Fungi kingdom have specialized tissues?
Yes ## Footnote Fungi have specialized structures for various functions.
67
What type of nutrition do organisms in the Fungi kingdom use?
Heterotrophic ## Footnote Fungi absorb nutrients from their surroundings.
68
What is the type of reproduction in the Fungi kingdom?
Asexual & sexual ## Footnote Fungi can reproduce through various methods.
69
What role do organisms in the Fungi kingdom play in the ecosystem?
Consumers & decomposers ## Footnote Fungi help decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients.
70
Give an example of an organism from the Fungi kingdom.
Mould, mushroom ## Footnote Common examples include various types of fungi.
71
What is the number of cells in the Plant kingdom?
Pluricellular ## Footnote Most plants are multicellular organisms.
72
Do organisms in the Plant kingdom have specialized tissues?
Yes ## Footnote Plants have specialized tissues for functions like photosynthesis and transport.
73
What type of nutrition do organisms in the Plant kingdom use?
Autotrophic ## Footnote Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
74
What is the type of reproduction in the Plant kingdom?
Asexual & sexual ## Footnote Plants can reproduce in multiple ways.
75
What role do organisms in the Plant kingdom play in the ecosystem?
Producers ## Footnote Plants are primary producers in food chains.
76
Give an example of an organism from the Plant kingdom.
Tree, herb ## Footnote Common examples include various types of plants.
77
What is the number of cells in the Animal kingdom?
Pluricellular ## Footnote Most animals are multicellular organisms.
78
Do organisms in the Animal kingdom have specialized tissues?
Yes ## Footnote Animals have specialized tissues for various functions.
79
What type of nutrition do organisms in the Animal kingdom use?
Heterotrophic ## Footnote Animals obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms.
80
What is the type of reproduction in the Animal kingdom?
Asexual & sexual ## Footnote Animals can reproduce through various methods.
81
What role do organisms in the Animal kingdom play in the ecosystem?
Consumers ## Footnote Animals are typically consumers in food chains.
82
Give an example of an organism from the Animal kingdom.
Human, insects, tiger ## Footnote These are representative examples of animals.
83

Biology 2 Evaluation (1 decks)

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