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Life In Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the SS?

A 
Highly trained and very loyal
Must be Aryan
Unlimited powers
Organised concentration camps
Intimidation and violence
Hitlers personal bodyguards
Had their own courts e.g. Waffen SS and Deaths Head Division
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2
Q

What were the concentration camps like in 1933?

A

Crude and makeshift but backs more purpose built in rural areas
Anyone sent there at first mainly political prisoners e.g. KPD
Re-education programmes
Hard labour
Limited food
Slaves

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3
Q

When were the first concentration camps set up?

A

February 1933

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4
Q

How were the police and courts controlled?

A

Chief of police supported the Munich putsch
Police always liked the nazis
All lawyers and judges nazi controlled
No hope for a fair trial

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5
Q

Name 4 stick methods used by the Nazis to control the people of Germany

A

SS
Concentration camps
Informers/Gestapo
Police and Courts sworn oath to Hitler

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6
Q

When is conscription re introduced by the nazis?

A

1935

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7
Q

Who is in charge of the Gestapo?

A

Heydrich

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8
Q

Who are the Gestapo?

A

Secret police
Use informers
Climate of fear
Root out potential enemies (anyone who doesn’t conform to the regime)
Germany subdivided into into blocks of 30-40 houses each block has a nazi who keeps an eye on any anti nazi behaviour

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9
Q

How many concentration camps are there by 1939?

A

Six

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10
Q

Who ran the SS?

A

Himmler

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11
Q

Give 5 examples of crimes punishable by death in nazi Germany

A

Breaking into the house of a soldier during the war
A mugging committed by someone with a criminal record or from a family of criminals
Stealing things from an air raid depot
Having a sexual relationship with a Jew
Telling anti nazi jokes

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12
Q

How did the nazis help the economy?

A

Rearmament and conscription gave employment to many
Agricultural production increased and imports decreased
Public works projects e.g. Autobahn provided employment
Volkswagens

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13
Q

What had happened to unemployment by 1939?

A

It had fallen to 100 000

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14
Q

What was the German labour front?

A 
Replaced trade unions 
Strikes illegal
Wages low
Working day longer
Persuaded employers to improve working conditions in factories
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15
Q

When is rearmament carried out openly (it was started in 1933)?

A

1935

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16
Q

What incentives are there for the farmers in nazi Germany?

A

Reich food estate - guaranteed food prices and markets

Reich entailed farm law - protected farmers form being shut down by banks

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17
Q

What were the problems for farmers in nazi Germany?

A

Shortage of workers
Nazis more interested in industry
Nazis meddled endlessly

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18
Q

What incentives were there for the working class?

A

Kraft Durch Freude - strength through joy - provided Volkswagens, cheap holidays - discount from cruises, cheap theatre tickets, skiing holidays
“Beauty of labour” improved working conditions in factories and industry

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19
Q

What were the incentives for the middle classes and big businesses?

A 
Management salaries on the rise
No trade unions causing trouble
No more ToV
Communist threat gone
Lots of cash
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20
Q

What was the four year plan and when was it?

A

Goering ordered to get Germany ready for war

1936

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21
Q

Name 7 examples of propaganda used by the nazis to control the German public

A

Cheap Nazi produced radios
Nuremberg Rallies
1936 Olympics
Book burnings
Pro nazi messages and newsreels played before the film at cinema
Newspapers banned or censored
Loudspeakers in public areas playing nazi views

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22
Q

How were cheap nazi produced radios used to control German citizens?

A

Foreign radio stations banned (BBC)
Hitler and other Nazi speeches broadcasted over and over
No foreign influence
Only access nazi radio channels

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23
Q

How did the Nuremberg Rallies help control the German citizens?

A

Brought colour and excitement into people’s lives
Sense of belonging
Order and sense of greatness
Fun

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24
Q

How were the 1936 Munich Olympics used by the Nazis as propaganda?

A

International propaganda opportunity to show the superiority of the aryan race
Shows Germany to be modern, civilised and strong
Pride

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25
How did book burning help the nazis control German citizens?
Any unacceptable ideas burnt Sense of community Getting rid of foreign influences Only access to nazi ideas
26
How many people were in the SS by 1935?
Over 200 000
27
What is nazi ideology (give 7 examples)?
Volksgemeinschaft - national community of racially pure aryans Lebensraum - "living space" for expansion of Germany Strong Germany Fuhrer Social Darwinism - aryan superiority Autarky - self sufficiency Germany in danger from communists and Jews
28
Name 3 groups important to the nazis
Factory workers Children/ young people Women
29
Why are factory workers important to the nazis?
Highly value because of industrial production | Make weapons for rearmament
30
Why are children important to the Nazis?
The next generation of committed nazis and loyal soldiers
31
Why are women important to the nazi regime?
Provide the next generation of nazis Baby machines Meant to be the traditional housewife
32
Why are religious people tolerated?
In case they uprise
33
How was the Protestant church changed by the nazis?
Reorganised into the Reich Church and given new nazi bishops Protestant pastors who opposed sent to concentration camps
34
What was the faith movement?
Set up by the nazis as an alternative to Christianity - based on pagan rituals
35
How was religion prevented from infecting the youth?
Christmas carols and RE phased out of schools | Church schools closed
36
What did the children do in the hitler youth movements?
4 different groups -2 for boys, 2 for girls Boys trained to be soldiers, marching, camping, weapons training, fitness training Girls trained to be good mothers, domestic training, fitness training Trained in utter loyalty to hitler and encouraged to report on their parents and neighbours
37
What was the section of hitler youth for the girls called?
German league of maidens
38
When did membership for the hitler youth become compulsory?
1939
39
How was the children's curriculum controlled?
Maths questions promoted messages of war and getting rid of minorities Biology focused on "race science" History books rewritten without German defeats Story books warned of dangers from Jews Lots of PE - keep them fit to be mothers and soldiers Teachers had to join Nazi Teachers Association or lose their jobs
40
When were Jewish children banned from schools?
1938
41
Why did Germany benefit from the nazi rule?
Beauty of labour improved working conditions Public works projects provided employment Unemployment dropped from 5 million to under 1 million in 6 years Improved German roads National pride boosted
42
Why didn't Germany benefit from nazi rule?
Some people lived in fear from speaking out against the government Workers had low wages Workers lost trade unions Workers standard of living still lower than before the depression
43
Why were the nazi policies towards the youth successful?
Girls became hysterical at nazi rallies and parades In 1945 members of the hitler youth were armed and prepared to die for their country Brainwashed by the curriculum - artificial control on what they're shown at young influential ages The nazi curriculum is fun and appealing
44
Why weren't the nazi policies towards the youth appealing?
Hitler youth had to be made compulsory because attendance was barely 25% Opposition groups such as edelweiss pirates defied the nazi regime
45
What were the nazi policies towards women?
Based on 3Ks (Kinder, Kirche, Kuche) encouraged to stay at home and have children Laws forced women out of jobs and employers encouraged to only employ men Motherhood cross system gave medals and to women with lots of children (8= gold) Marriage loans reduced each time a child was born Dis-encouraged from wearing make up, smoking and dieting
46
When were the Nuremberg laws introduced and what were they?
1935 Removed all German citizenship from Jews and their rights Banned from marrying or having sex with Germans
47
What happened to the Jews in 1934?
Banned from public places
48
What happened in November 1938?
Kristallnacht
49
What was Kristallnacht?
Attacks on Jewish homes, shops and synagogues after a nazi diplomat assassinated by a Jew in Paris 100 Jews killed Over 20 000 put in concentration camps 1 billion reichsmark fine
50
What happened to the Jews in 1939?
All Jews in areas the nazis invaded were forced to live in ghettos
51
In the summer of 1941 what did himmler order?
SS "special action" groups | All soviet Jews killed
52
What happened at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942?
The "Final Solution" decided | All Jews in Europe decided to be exterminated
53
What happened as a result of the final solution?
Extermination camps built in Eastern Europe e.g. Auschwitz | Six million Jews died in the holocaust
54
Why did the nazis persecute the minorities?
They didn't fit in with their idea of aryan superiority
55
``` What did the nazis do to: 1 Homeless 2 Homosexuals 3 Blacks and mentally ill 4 Gypsies? ```
1 Taken to camps re-educated and taught how to work so they become useful citizens 2 sent to concentration camps 3 sterilised or killed 4 sent to concentration camps and exterminated
56
Name 3 opposition groups of young people
Edelweiss pirates Swing youth White rose movement
57
Who were the edelweiss pirates?
``` Working class movement who beat up the hitler youth and helped concentration camp escapees In Cologne 1944 6 members hung ```
58
Who were the swing youth?
Middle class movement who listened to jazz and went clubbing
59
Who were the white rose movement?
Munich University students who distributed anti - nazi propaganda anonymously and urged German citizens to not support ww2 Organise demonstrations and wrote anti - nazi slogans on walls Leaders guillotined in 1944
60
What did the communists and social democrats do to oppose the nazis?
Set up underground organisations publishing anti nazi leaflets and organised industrial sabotage
61
What opposition did the nazis face from the churches?
Protestants set up Confessional Church - anti nazi | Protestant pastors e.g. Dietrich Boenhoffer spoke out against the nazis and sabotaged
62
What happened in July 1944?
July bomb plot to assassinate hitler | Colonel Von Stauffenberg attempted to assassinate hitler with a bomb in a suitcase
63
What happened to the army as the war went more and more badly?
Opposition grew
64
In 1937 who did the gestapo stop protesting?
Dietrich Boenhoffer
65
When was rationing introduced?
Food - September 1939 | Clothes - November 1939
66
Who protested against the nazis killing the mentally ill in 1941?
Bishop Galen
67
Why was Dietrich Boenhoffer arrested in 1942 and what did this lead to?
Contacting the allies and asking for peace terms | His hanging in April 1945
68
How many civilians had died by 1945?
3.5 million
69
When did the bombing on major German cities happen?
1942
70
When was the Dresden bombing?
February 1945 | 150 000 killed
71
How many handicapped children were killed from 1939-45?
5000
72
How many mentally ill were gassed from 1939-41?
72 000
73
How many compulsory sterilisations were there from 1939-45 to stop hereditary illness?
300 000
74
When was divorce the only possible option?
If the coupes was infertile
75
What was an incentive for women to not work whilst their married?
Loans for women who agreed not to have jobs when married | 800 000 took them up

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