Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards Preview

Paper 3: Weimar and Nazi Germany > Life in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Flashcards in Life in Nazi Germany Deck (49)
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1
Q

What features would the Nazis expect the ‘ideal woman’ to display?

A

1) Natural appearance - no make up & long hair tied back
2) Traditional clothes
3) Sturdy build (for bearing children)
4) Non-drinker & non-smoker
5) Marry and have children
6) Believe in the 3Ks

2
Q

What do the 3Ks stand for?

A

Kinder, kuche, kirche (Children, kitchen, church)

3
Q

What was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage and when was it passed?

A

1933
Gave marriage loans to women who gave up work to have children. For every child born, less of the loan had to be paid back.

4
Q

When was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage changed to allow women to work and receive the loan?

A

1937

5
Q

How did economic growth force the Nazis to change their policies towards women?

A

The economy expanded so quickly that women were needed in the workforce

6
Q

When was the Lebensborn policy introduced?

A

1935

7
Q

What was the Lebensborn policy?

A

Initially, provided nurseries and financial aid for women who had children with SS men, Later encouraged women to breed with SS men.

8
Q

What was the Mothers’ Cross?

A

A reward given to women who had four or more children

9
Q

What was the German Women’s Enterprise group?

A

A group providing classes and radio programmes on home-based matters.

10
Q

How many women were members of the German Women’s Enterprise?

A

6 million

11
Q

What happened to the birth rate in Nazi Germany?

A

It did increase - but this may have been due to the improved economy, rather than Nazi policies. Few women had more than two children.

12
Q

How many women had given up work by 1934?

A

360,000

13
Q

What were the Nazis’ aims for young people?

A

1) To be proud Germans
2) Girls to be strong & healthy and make good wives
3) Boys to be strong and healthy to make good soldiers
4) To be loyal supporters of the Nazi Party

14
Q

What was the name of the youth group for boys ages 10-14?

A

German Young Folk

15
Q

What was the name of the youth group for boys ages 14-18?

A

Hitler Youth

16
Q

What was the name of the youth group for girls ages 10-14?

A

Young Girls

17
Q

What was the name of the youth group for girls ages 14-18?

A

The League of German Maidens

18
Q

What activities would girls have done as part of the youth movement?

A

Cookery, housework, needlework and craft, learning what to look for in a good husband, learning about babies and childcare

19
Q

What activities would boys have done as part of the youth movement?

A

Shooting, military drills, signalling, military-style camps, helping the fire brigade during war

20
Q

What were the aims of Nazi education?

A

1) Prepare girls to be good wives and mothers
2) Create loyal Nazis
3) Glorify Germany and the Nazi Party
4) Prepare boys to be strong soldiers who would fight for Germany
5) Teach Nazi beliefs about race
6) Put across key Nazi ideals

21
Q

How did Nazis control education by controlling teachers?

A

1) Teachers had to be Nazi Party members
2) Sacked teachers who didn’t teach Nazi ideals
3) Teachers’ camps taught them how to fit Nazi ideas into their teaching
4) Nearly all teachers joined the Nazi Teachers’ League

22
Q

How was propaganda delivered through education?

A

1) All lessons began and ended with the Hitler salute
2) Nazi flags and posters in classrooms
3) From 1935 all textbooks had to be approved by the Nazi Party
4) Traditional subjects re-written to glorify Germany
5) Racial ideas and antisemitism embedded into lessons

23
Q

How did education differ for boys and girls?

A

Boys were taught science and military skills whereas girls were taught domestic skills

24
Q

What new subjects were introduced under the Nazis?

A

Eugenics and Race Studies

25
Q

How much curriculum time was spent on PE and why?

A

15% to ensure a strong and healthy population

26
Q

Why did the Nazi Party want to reduce the amount of unemployment?

A

Politically dangerous - if people are poor and hungry then they might turn against the government. Also, believed that the unemployed were a burden and a drain on society.

27
Q

What was the National Labour Service (RAD)?

A

Compulsory for men ages 18-25 to serve six months in the service. Worked on job-creation schemes such as draining marshes. Many hated it, the pay was low and the hours were long.

28
Q

When did it become compulsory for men ages 18-25 to serve six months in the Labour Service?

A

July 1935

29
Q

What job creation schemes did the Nazis start to reduce unemployment?

A

7000 Km of autobahns
Public buildings
Sports facilities and stadiums

30
Q

How did Hitler use the army to increase jobs?

A

Hitler began to rearm and break the Treaty of Versailles. He increased the number of people in the armed forces and also increased production of weapons and armaments.

31
Q

How much had the Nazis reduced unemployment by between 1933 and 1939?

A

From 4.8 million to 0.3 million

32
Q

Why might Nazi employment statistics be misleading?

A

Invisible unemployment

33
Q

What is meant by the term ‘invisible unemployment’?

A

People and groups left out of unemployment statistics

34
Q

Which groups of people were the ‘invisible unemployed’?

A

1) Jews who were forced out of jobs
2) Women who were dismissed from, or left their jobs
3) Unmarried men under 25 in the National Labour Service
4) Opponents of the regime who were in concentration camps

35
Q

What was the DAF?

A

German Labour Front. Set up to replace trade unions. Workers had to be members.

36
Q

What was the KdF?

A

Strength Through Joy. Aimed to increase productivity by making workers happy.

37
Q

What was the SdA?

A

The Beauty of Labour. Aimed to improve conditions for workers. But workers had to help construct these new facilities in their spare time.

38
Q

What was the Volkswagen?

A

The People’s Car. It was a KdF scheme in which workers paid installments weekly towards a new car. By 1939 no one had paid enough and the money went towards rearmament.

39
Q

What evidence is there that the standard of living improved by 1939?

A

1) More jobs, with most men in work
2) Average wages rose by 20% compared to 1933
3) KdF provided leisure activities and holidays and SdA improved working conditions
4) Car ownership increased three-fold

40
Q

What evidence is there that the standard of living had not improved by 1939?

A

1) Invisible unemployment meant many were still without jobs
2) Cost of food rose by an equivalent amount to the rise in wages
3) Workers had few rights and worked long hours: 43 hours a week in 1933 had gone up to 49 hours a week by 1939
4) Only high earners could afford cars. Low earners had to spend money on essentials.

41
Q

What is meant by the word ‘untermenschen’?

A

Sub-humans. It was the term used to refer to Slavs, gypsies, black people and Jews.

42
Q

When were the Nuremberg Laws passed, and what did they say?

A

1935.

1) Banned Aryans from marrying gypsies or Jews
2) Said that Jews were subjects, rather than citizens, of Germany
3) Said no Jews could vote or work for the government
4) Said Jews had to wear the yellow star on their clothes

43
Q

What laws related to gypsies were passed by the Nazis?

A

1) 1933 - Gypsies began being arrested as ‘social nuisances’
2) 1936 - Gypsies forced to live in camps in terrible conditions
3) 1938 - Gypsies had to be registered and were banned from travelling
4) 1939 - Announced that they would be deported

44
Q

What was the :aw for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring and when was it passed?

A

1933

Said that mentally handicapped people could be sterilised to prevent them having children

45
Q

When were the laws against homosexuality strengthened?

A

1935

46
Q

When was Kristallnacht?

A

November 1938

47
Q

What caused Kristallnacht?

A

A Jewish man shot a German in Paris. Goebbels used the event to stir up resentment and homes and synagogues were attacked.

48
Q

What damage was done during Kristallnacht?

A

100 Jews were killed
814 shops destroyed
171 homes destroyed
191 synagogues destroyed

49
Q

What were the consequences of Kristallnacht?

A

Jews were blamed for the violence. They were ordered to pay for the damage and were fined 1 billion marks.