Life In the UK Flashcards

Question

The prime minister (Robert Walpole 1721-1742)

Answer 1

Queen Anne died in 1714, Parliament chose George I a German to be the next king, he was Annes closest relative. Attempt by Jacobites to put George II’s son was quickly defeated George I did not speak good english so he relied on his ministers. The most important Minister in parliament was known as the Prime minister. The First prime minister was Robert Walpole, from 1721-1742

Answer 2

Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), the grandson of James II, landed in Scotland. He was supported by clansmen from Scottish highlands and rased an army. Charles was defeated by Georges II army in battle of Culloden in1746, Charles escaped back to europe. Clans lost power and influence after Culloden. Chieftains became landlords if they had favour of the english king, clansmen became tenants. A process known as highland clearances began, many scottish landlords destroyed individual farms (crofts) to make space for large flocks of livestock. MAny scots left for north america ROBERT BURNS - Known as the bard in scotland, scottish poet. He wrote in the scots language, english w/scot words,and standard eng. Revised a lot of trad folk. Best known song is Auld lang syne, sun on NYE.

Answer 3

Many scottish thinkers, eg Adam smith economist. David humes ideas about human nature (philosophy) James watts work on steam power. Main product of period was entitlement to your own religion + political view.

Answer 4

``` Before this, agriculture was main source of employment, many cottage industries Britain first country due to use of steam power making agriculture and manufacturing of goods mechanised, more efficient and more production. Coal and other raw materials were needed to power new factories. Many moved from countryside to cities. Development of Bessemer process for mass production of steel led to development of shipbuilding industry + railways. Manufacturing jobs became main source of income. RICHARD ARKWRIGHT (1732) Trained and worked as a barber, he was able to dye hair and make wigs. When wigs became less popular he began work in textiles and improved the original cording machine. Carding is a process of preparing fibres for spinning into yarn and fabric. He also developed horse driven spinning mills that only use one machine. Later he used steam engines to power machinery, he is remembered for the efficient and profitable way that he ran his factories Better transport links required for raw materials + goods. Canals were built, esp in new industrial areas. Work conditions were poor, no laws to protect employees, people forced to work long dangerous ours, children worked too. Colonisation increased overseas, James cook mapped the coast of australia and a few colonies were established there. Britain gained control of canada, the east india company, originally set up to trade gain control over large parts of indian, colonies began to be established in southern africa. Braitian traded all over the world and began to import more goods. Sugar + tobacco came from nA and West indies. Textiles, tea and spices from india and indonesia. Trading and settlements overseas brought britain a lot of conflict with other countries, particularly in france, which was also expanding and trading in similar ways in similar parts of the world SAKE DEAN MOHAMET grew up in bengal region of india. Served in bengal army and came to britain in 1782, Moved to ireland and eloped with an irish woman called jane daly in 1786. He opened a curry house in london in 1810 called the Hindoostane coffee house in george street. They introduced shampooing to britain ```

Answer 5

Slave trade illegal in Britain. West africa to america and caribbean to work on sugar and tobacco plantations. William wilberforce + The quakers first to oppose in late 1700s. William wilberforce evangelical christian Emancipation act - Royal navy began stopping ships with slaves and freeing them and punishing traders

Answer 6

Napoleon became emperor of France continued the war. Britains navy fought spanich and french fleets, winning in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Admiral Nelsons column in Trafalgar square in london is monument to him, he was killed in the battle. His ship HMS victory is in portsmouth. In 1815 the french wars ended with the defeat of Emporer Napoleon by Duke of Wellington at the battle of Trafalgar, Wellington was known as Iron Duke and became the prime minister.

Answer 7

Despite Ireland having the same Monarch as England and Wales since Henry VIII, it had remained a separate country. In 1801 Ireland became unified with england wales and scotland after the Act of Union 1800 Symbol of the union was the Union Jack. It had the cross of St George (red cross white background), Cross of St Andrew, patron of scotland, ( diagonal white cross on blue) and Cross of St Patrick, patron of Ireland, (diagonal red cross on white). Welsh dragon does not appear on Union flag because the first Union flag was created in 1606 from flags of scotland and england, the principality of wales was already united with England.

Answer 8

Many advised to leave europe and settle overseas. 1853 - 1913 13 million brits went overseas. Many travelled to Uk eg 120,000 polish russian and jews between 1870-1914 to escape persecution, many stayed in east london and manchester + leeds. People from empire also came to UK

Answer 9

Work conditions got slightly better, in 1847 work hours limited to 10 hours a day. Better housing had to be built for workers Transport links improved, allowing easier transport for goods. George and Robery Stephenson pioneered the railway engine and major expansion took place, railways built throughout the empire Building of bridges occuring, like Clipton suspension by Isambard Kingdom Brunel from portsmouth. He was responsible for building the Great Western railway from paddington to SW england, the west midlands and wales. British industry let the world, in 19th century the UK produced more than half the worlds iron, coal and cotton. Uk became centre for banking and financial services. Great Exhibit in 1851 (hyde park crystal palace), ranging from huge machines to handmade goods, from worldwide.

Answer 10

Introduction of the Victoria Cross during this war Florence nightingale - born in italy to eng parents. 31 she trained as nurse in germany, then went to turkey and worked in military hospitals treating soldiers of crimean war. She and her fellow nurses greatly improved conditions for patients and reduced mortality rate. She established the nightingale training school for nurses at St thomas hospital in london. Considered founder of modern nursing.

Answer 11

Potato crop fell in middle in century causing a famine, a million people died of starvation and disease. Another million and a half left Ireland, some to US others to England. By 1861 there was a large population of Irish in (Liverpool, London, Manchester + Glasgow) Irish Nationalist movement had grown strongly. Fenians favoured complete independence others such as Charles Stuart PArnell advocated ‘home rule’, remaining in the UK with separate Parliament.

Answer 12

``` More parliamentary seats given to towns and cities, power shifted from countryside to town but was still based on ownership of property A movement began to allow working class to vote without property, campaigners known as chartists presented petitions to parliament. In 1867 (more urban seats in parliament) there was another reform act, reduced amount of property people needed to vote. Majority of men + no women could vote. Politicians realised increased number of voters meant they needed to persuade more ‘commoners’. Universal suffrage(right for everyone to vote) followed in the next century. Women in 19th century had fewer rights to vote. Until 1870 when a woman got married all her possesions belonged to her husband. Acts of parliament in 1870 and 1882 gave wives right to keep thier earnings and pwoperties. In late 19th and 20th century increased number of women voted for more rights in particular to vote. They formed the suffragettes. EMMELINE PANKHURT - Born in manchester,set up womens franchise leage in 1889 which fought to get the vote in local elections for married women. She helped found the Womens social and political Union. First group to have members called suffragettes, using civil disobedience. Committed arson, chained to railways and smashed windows. Many went on hunger strike. In 1918 women over 30 could vote and could stand in parliament, partly in recognition of the contribution women made to the first world war. Shortly after Pankhurts death women over 21 could vote - same as men. ```

Answer 13

The Boer War war made discussions about empire more urgent. British went to war in south africa with settlers from Netherlands called boers. Many died from disease. A lot of sympathy for Boers and many begun to question the empire. As different parts of the empire developed they wont greater freedom and autonomy. By the second half of the 20th century there was transition from empire to commonwealth with countries being granted independence. RUDYARD KIPPLING - Born in India lived in india, Usa and UK. His poems reflected the idea that the Empire was for the good. He was awarded a nobel prize in literature in 1907. Books include Jungle book and Just so stories. Still popular today.

Answer 14

Uk Thriving (empire, social wellbeing, FSM, pensions, better workplace, no more slums) local government became more democratic, pay for MPs introduced/ Assassination was trigger, but tension over growing imperialism, militarism and nationalism. Whole british empire was involved. 40,000 indians were killed. Fought against Ottoman empire, Austro hungarian empire and later bulgaria. 2 million british casualties. One battle attack on Somme in july 1916 saw 60,000 british casualties on first day alone.

Answer 15

Home rule bill introduced in Parliament, it was opposed by Protestants in the North of Ireland who threatened to resist home rule. Outbreak of WWI led to british government postponing changed to ireland. Irish nationalists were not willing to wait and in 1916 there was an uprising (easter rising) against the british in dublin. The leaders of the uprising were killed under military law, a guerilla war against the british army and police in ireland followed. In 1921 a peace treaty signed and in 1922 Ireland became two countries. The 6 countries in the north which were mainly protestant remained part of the UK and under the name northern island. The rest became the Irish free state and had its own government and became a republic in 1949.

Answer 16

1930 depression felt differently in parts of UK, heavy industries affected badly such as ship building. Aviation and automobile industry thrived. As prices fell those in work had more to spend. Car ownership doubled from 1 million to 2 million between 1930 and 39. Many new houses built cultural boom, writers such as Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh prominent. The economist John Maynard Keynes published influential new theories of economics. The BBC started radio broadcasts in 1922 and began worlds first regular TV service in 1936.

Answer 17

War fought between axis powers, Facist germany and italy and japanese empire and the allies. Allies incl, UK, France, Poland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and SA. Germany occupied Austria, Czechoslovakia, Belgium and Netherlands. In 1940 advancing through France, Churchill came to power. As France fell Britain began to evacuate British + French soldiers from France in huge naval operation. Civilian volunteers in small boats and fishing boats from britain helped the navy rescue more than 300,000 men from beaches of Dunkirk. Evcuation gave brith to phrase the Dunkirk spirit From 1940-41 until german invasion of soviet union, britain and empire fought almost alone against germany. Hiter wanted to invade britain, they wanted to control the air first and waged war. The british won the crucial war known as the Battle of Britain in summer of 1940. Most important places used were spit fires and hurricanes - built in britain. Germans carried on bombing London and Uk at night, called the Blitz, mainly east london. Strong national spirit despite bombing, phrase Blitz spirit arose.

Answer 18

Soldier and journalist before becoming MP in 1900. May 1940 he became prime minister, he refused to surrender against Nazi. He lost general election in 1945 but returned as Prime minister in 1951. He was MP until he stood down in 1964 general election. Following his death in 1965, he was given a state funeral. In 2002 he was voted greatest Briton of all time by the public. He made many famous speeches in his time ‘ I have nothing but blood, toil, tears and sweat’ First speech in house of commons after 1940 electoral success ‘We shall fight them on the beaches, we shal fight on the landing ground, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender’ ‘ Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few’ At same time Britain was fighting on other fronts, In Singapore Japanese defeated the british and then occupied burma, threatening india. US joined war when Japanese bombed its naval base in Pearl Harbor in december 1941. The same year Hiter attempted largest invasion in history by attacking soviet union, they lost many man and lost, pivotal moment in the war. Allied forces gained upper hand, winning battlres in North africa and italy. HElp of America allowed attack of D DAY 6TH JUNE 1944. Victory here allowed british to press through france then DEFEAT GERMANY IN MAY 1945. War against japan ended in august 1945 when United States dropped Atom bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Scientists led by New Zealand born Ernest Rutherford, working at manchester then cambridge, were first to split the atom. Some british scientists went on to take part in the Manhattan project in US which developed atomic bomb. War was over ALEXANDER FLEMMING _ Schottish scientist/doctor, researching flu in 1928 when he discovered penicillin. This was further developed into a usable drug by the scientists howard florey and ernst chain. Mass produced by 1940s, 1945 nobel prize in medicine.

Answer 19

Exhausted country post war, change wanted, Clement Atlee(labour) voted in in 1945. Promised Healthcare system from Beveridge report. Protect population from cradle to grave. Gas, railways, coat mines, water and electricity nationalised. Aspect of change was self government for former colonies, in 1947 independence granted countries including to India, Pakistan, Ceylon. Other colonies in African, Caribbean achieved over the next 20 years. UK developed its own atomic bomb and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, an alliance of nations set up to resist the perceived threat of invasion from Soviet Union and its allies. Britain conservative from 51-64, 50s was for economic growth. Improvement for working people. Prime Minister of the day Harold MAcmillan was famous for the wind of change speech about decolonisation and independence for the countries of the empires. CLEMENT ATLEE - london born to solicitor, studied at Oxford Uni, Atlee became barrister. Gave it up to become social worker in East london eventually becoming labour MP. Winston Churchills DPM in wartime coalition. Became PM in 1945 election ( 1945 - 1951) led labour for 20 years. Nationalisation. WILLIAM BEVERIDGE - British economist and social reformer. Served briefly as liberal MP and was leader of libersl int he house of lords best known for 1942 report Social Insurance and allied services (Beveridge report, commissioned in 1941.) Believed government should fight 5 giant evils, Want, Ignorance, Disease, Squalor and Idleness. RICHARD AUSTEN BUTLER - (LORD BUTLER) became a conserative MP, was responsible for education in 1941. HE oversaw introduction of Education act often called Butlers act, free secondary education in England and Wales - Education system changed significantly since act. DYLAN THOMAS - Welsh poet and writer, often read and performed his work in public including for BBC. Most well known work in radio play Under Milk Wood, first performed after his dead. Poem DO Not Go Gentle into that GOOD Night, wrote for his fathers dying. Died at 39 in NY.Statue in birthplace Swansea.

Answer 20

Rebuilding top agenda, immigrants encouraged to come live/ work in UK. In 1948 the West Indies were invited to come work and live in UK. During 1950 still shortage in labour, further migration encouraged for economy. Centres set up from west indies for bus drivers. Agents tried to find people from pakistan and india to work in UK. Many from Indra, PAkistan, west indies came over to work.

Answer 21

Social law change, legal divorec and abortions. Women position in work place improved. Less female discrimination. 1960s Concorde made, new style of architecture like highrises Migration of west indies and pakistanis feel in late 60s because of new immigration laws. Immigrants required strong connection to Britain through birth or ancestry. During early 70s 28,000 people of indian origin were who admitted from Ugandan exile.

Answer 22

TV developed by scots man John Logie Baird in 20s. 1932 first television broadcasts RADAR developed by a scotsman SIR ROBERT WATT, proposed enemy aircraft could be detected by radio waves. First success 1935 This led to discoveries in astronomy - RADIO TELESCOPE by SIR BERNARD LOVELL at Jodrell bank in Chesire TURING MACHINE by ALAN TURING - theoretical mathematical device, computer science development STRUCTURE OF DNA by Franciss and Crick in 1953 Nobel prize Scottist Physician and Researcher JOHN MACLEOD discovers Insulin SIR CHRISTOPHER COCKERELL invents HOVERCRAFT in 50s BRITAN AND FRANCE develop CONDCORDE, first flew in 1969 (w passengers in 1976) HARRIER JET made in UK ATM in 60s by JAMES GOODFELLOW. First one in Barclays in ENFIELD IVF developed by Physiologist SIR ROBERT EDWARDS and PATRICK STEPTOE - first test tube baby in 1978 SIR IAN WILMUT and KEITH CAMPBELL first succeed in CLONING of MAMMAL SIR PETER MANSFIELF CO INVENTOR OF MRI SIR TIM BERNERS LEE created WWW. info first transferred via web for first time on 25 december 1990.

Answer 23

Price of goods rose sharply, pound value fluctuated, imbalance of payments on imported goods Many industries affected by strikes, issues with TU and government, people arguing union was too powerful Serious unrest in NI, parliament suspended in 1972 meaning it was ruled by UK government. Over 3000 people died in NI in violence. MARY PETERS - manchester born moved to NI. Talented athlete in Pentathalon in 1972. She raised money for local athletics, became team manager for woman british olympic team. Continues to promote sport and tourism in NI and was made Dame od British empire in 2000.

Answer 24

West Germany, France, Belgium, Italy and Luxembourg and the Neatherlands formed European Economic Community in 1957. EEC became part of EU when formed in 1993. UK full member but didnt use full currency then left on 31st January 2020.

Answer 25

Daughter of grocer, trained as chemist and lawyer. Elected as Conservative MP in 1959, cabinet minister in 1970 as secretary of state for education and science. Elected as leader of conservative party and so leader of opposition. After Cons. victory in 1979, first female prime minister, longest serving prime minister, lasted till 1990. Economic reforms during her time.Worked closely with Ronald Raegan, first western leaders to recognise and welcome the changes in leadership of the soviet union, deescalated cold war. Change included privatisation of nationalis industriesed and imposed legal controls on trade unions. Deregulation saw an increase in City of londons investment as a centre for finance and insurance services. Traditional industries such as ship building, mining decreased. 1982 Argentina invaded falklands, british overseas territory in south atlantic, UK sent naval taskforce and military action to regain the island. John Major was the prime minister after Thatcher and helped establish NI peace process. ROALD DAHL, Born in wales to norwegian parents. Serves in air force during WWII. 1940s began to publish books + short stories. Known for children books charlie and the chocolate, georges marvelous medicine.

Answer 26

Blair government introduced a scottis and welsh assembly. Scottish parliament had substantial legislative power Welsh had control of public sectors but less legislative Northern Island , blair government built on peace process, GOOD FRIDAY AGREEMENT SIGNED IN 1998 NI assembly elected in 1999 but suspended in 2002, not reinstated until 2007. Most Paramilitary groups in NI have decommissioned their arms and are inactive. Gordon Brown took over in 2007

Answer 27

Since 2000 British forces involved in conflict to battle international terrorism and agains proliferation of WOMD, incl in Afghan and Iraq British conbat troops left Afghan and Iraq in 2009, only performing in parts of Afghan as part of UN UN mandated a 50 country international security assistance force ( ISAF) coalition force at the invitation of Afghan government. Ensuring groups like Al’queda cant use it as safe haven to organise terror attacks. Responsibility slowly being handed to Afghan national security, full security of all provinces by end of 2014

Answer 28

7th may 2015 conservatives win GE, David cameron remained prime minister. Referendum called on UK membership of EU, held by 23 June 2016. 51.9% leave David Cameron succeeded by Theresa May on 13th July 2016. Succeeded by Borish Johnson 24th July 2019. The Uk formally left EU on 31st Jan 2020.

Answer 29

John o graots (tip of scotland) to lands end (SW) is the longest distance on mainland, approx 870 miles. Irish Gaelic, Gaelic Migration and longer life expectancy played a part in growth. 84% live in England, 8% in scotland, 5% in Wales and 3% in Northern island Record number of people aged 85 and over, impacts cost of pensions

Answer 30

(59% Christian, 25% No religion, 4.8% Muslim, 1.5% Hindu, 0.8% Sikh, less than 0.5% Jewish and Buddhist)

Answer 31

Monarch has the right to select the Archbishop and other senior officials, but the prime minister usually chooses and committee appointed by church. Spiritual leader of church is archbishop of canterbury. In Scotland, the national church of Scotland is a presbyterian church governed by ministers and elders. Chairperson of the general assembly of the C of S is the moderator, appointed for one year only and speaks on behalf of the church. No established church in Wales or NI. Other protestant groups are Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and Quakers - other denominations of christianity like roman catholic.

Answer 32

St Davids day, wales 1st March (parades) St Patrick's day Northern island 17th march ( BANK HOLIDAY) St Georges day England 23 april (parades) St Andrews day Scotland 30th November ( BANK HOLIDAY) not all business close Westminster Abbey is coronation church since 1066 and is resting place for many monarchs

Answer 33

EASTER march or april, good friday jesus died, Good friday and easter monday holdays Day before lent is shrove tuesday, day lent begins is ash wednesday( christians mark heads as sign of sorrow for sin), 40 days before easter are lent, people reflect on easter + prepare Diwali - October or november and lasts for 5 days, known as festival of light celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs. Victory of good over evil. Hannukah - November or December, celebrated for 8 days, to remember jews struggle for freedom. Each day 1 candle out of 8 is lit on Menorah Eid ul Adha remembers that Prophet Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son when god asked him to. Reminder of commitment to god. Animal sacrifice. Eid Al Fitr - celebrates the end of month long ramadan fasting. Date changes every year Vaisakhi/Baisakhi is a Sikh festival which celebrates the founding of the sikh comunity known as Khalsa, celebrated on the 14th of april each year with parades dancing and singing. Mothering sunday (3 weeks before easter) Fathering sunday (3rd sunday in June) Halloween (pagan festival marking beginning of winter) Bonfire ( Guy fawkes Catholics fail to bomb parliament in 1605) Remembrance day 11th november - cenotaph is the centrepiece to the remembrance day service

Answer 34

Hosted olympics in 1908, 1948 and 2012(3rd) (paralympics in uk in 2012) Dr Sir Ludwig Guttman, a german refugee, allowed individuals who were disabled to partake by pioneering new methods of treating spine injuries at the stoke mandeville hospital.

Answer 35

SIR ROGER BANNISTER - FIRST MAN TO RAN MILE IN UNDER 4 MINS IN 1954 SIR JACKIE STEWARD - FORMER SCOTTISH RACING DRIVER- WON F1 3 TIMES BOBBY MOORE - CAPTAINED ENGLAND TO WORLD CUP GLORY IN 1966 SIR IAN BOTHAM - CAPTAINED ENGLISH CRICKET TEAM AND HELD ENGLISH CRICKET RECORDS, BOTH FOR BATTING + BOWLING JAYNE TORVILL AND CHRISTOPHER DEAN - WON 4 GOLD MEDALS FOR ICE DANCING AT OLYMPICS IN 1984 AND 4 CONSEC WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS SIR STEVE REDGRAVE - WON 4 GOLD MEDALS IN ROWING IN 5 CONSECUTIVE GAMES BARONESS TANNI GREY-THOMPSON - WHEELCHAIR ATHLETE, WON 16 PARALYMIC MEDALS, 11 GOLD, IN 5 PARALYMPIC GAMES. WON LONDON MARATHON 6 TIMES AND BROKE 30 WORLD RECORDS DAME KELLY HOLMES - WON 2 GOLD MEDALS FOR RUNNING 2004 OLYMPICS, HELD BRIT + EURO RECORD DAME ELLEN MACARTHUR - YATHCSWOMAN, BECAME FASTEST PERSON TO SAIL WORLD SINGLE HANDED SIR CHRIS HOY - A SCOTTISH CYCLIST WHO WON 6 GOLD AND 1 SILVER MEDALS IN OLYMPICS. WON 11 WC TITLES DAVID WIER - A PARALYMPIAN WHO USES WHEELCHAIR, WON 6 GOLD MEDALS OVER 2 GAMES. WON LONDON MARATHON 6 TIMES SIR BRADLEY WIGGINS - CYCLIST, IN 2012 BECAME FIRST BRITON TO WIN TOUR DE FRANCE. WON 8 OLYMPIC MEDALS, INCLUDING GOLD IN 2004,09,12,16. SIR MO FARAH - BRITISH DISTANCE RUNNER, BORN IN SOMALIA. WON GOLD MEDALS IN 2012 +2016 OLYMPICS IN 5000 AND 10000 METRES ND FIRST BRIT TO WIN GOLD IN 10000. DAME JESSICA ENNIS- HILL - ATHLETE, WON 2012 OLYMPIC GOLD MEDAL IN HEPTATHLON AND SILVER IN OLYMPIC GAMES, 7 DIFF TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS. SIR ANDY MURRAY - SCOTTISH TENNIS PLAYER WHO WON 2012 MENS SINGLES IN US OPEN. FIRST BRIT TO WIN GRAND SLAM IN MENS SINGLES. SAME YEAR HE WON GOLD AND SILVER IN OLYMPICS. 2013 +2016WON MENS SINGLE AT WIMBLEDON. WON GOLD AT 2016 OLYMPICS. ELLIE SIMMONDS - PARALYMPIAN WHO WON GOLD MEDALS FOR SWIMMING AT 2008,12,16 PARALYMPIC GAMES. YOUNGEST MEMBER OF BRITISH TEAM IN 2008 GAMES.

Answer 36

Football, tennis and rugby dates back to 19th century Ascot (5 days of racing) Berkshire, Grand National and Aintree, Scottish Grand national at Ayr Golf tracks to 15th century. St Andrews in scotland is known as home of golf. Open championship is only major tournament held outside US. First tennis club in leamington spa 1972. British Sailor Sir Francis Chichester, first person to sail single handedly around world, passing cape horn and cape of good hope. Sir Robin Knox Johnson became first person to do it without stopping. COWES on isle of wright is most popular sailing competition F1 drivers are Damon Hill Jensen button

Answer 37

BBC organises proms, 8 week summer season of orchestral music since 1927, last night is most popular and usually televised. Henry Purcell was organist at westminster abbey, wrote church music. Born in germany composer George Frederick handel spent many years in the UK, became citizen in 1727. Wrote music for king george I and for his son George II. Gustav Holst - whose work includes the planets, a suite of pieces based around the planets. Sir Edward Elgar - born in worcester, best known work is the pomp and circumstance marches. No1 usually played at the last night of the PROMS Ralph Vaughan williams - wrote music for orchestras _ choir. Influenced trad english folk music. Sir william Walton - wrote range of music, wrote for queen liz II and King George Vi and ballet music Benjamin Britten - best known for operas, wrote a young person guide to orchestra. Founded Aldeburgh festival in suffolk National Eisteddfod of wales is an annual cultural festival. The Mousetrap, a murder mystery play has been in theatres since 1952, longest time of any show. Laurence oliver awards, named after sir laurence olivier Turner prize established in 1984 and celebrated contemporary art, 4 works get shortlisted every year and shown in tate britain.

Answer 38

Thomas Gainsborough - portrait painter - usually nature scenery David Allan - scottish portrait - origin of painting Joseph Turner - landscape painter - raised profile of landscape painting John Constable - landscape painter famous for works of Dedham vale on suffolk essex border The Pre - Raphaelites - important group of artists in second half of 19th century. Painted detailed pictures on religious or literary themes. Sir John lavery - successful northern irish portrait painter Henry Moore - english sculptor and artist John Petts - welsh artist best known for engravings _ stained glass Lucian freud - german born british artist best known for his portraits David hockney - was an important contributor to the pop art movement in 1960.

Answer 39

In the 17th century Indigo Jones took inspiration from classical architecture to design the Queens house at Greenwich and the Banqueting house in Whitehall London. In the 18th simpler designs became popular. Scottish architect Robert adam influenced development of architecture in UK, Europe and america. Designed Dumfries house in scotland, influenced architects in bath, where royal crescent is built In the 19th century the medieval gothic style became popular again. House of parliament and St pancras built. Town halls in sheffield and manchester built In 20th Sir Edwin Lutyens influenced british empire. Responsible for war memorials around the world. Famous british architect SIR NORMAL FOSTER< LORD RICHARD ROGERS AND DAME ZAHA HADID

Answer 40

Thomas Chippendale - designed furniture in 18th century Clarice Cliff - designed art deco ceramics Sir terence conran (20th century interior designer) Recent fashion designers - Mary Quant, Alexander mcqueen and vivienne wenstwood

Answer 41

Nobel prize winners in Literature, novelist Sir William Golding, poet Seamas Heaney, playwright Harold pinter. Agatha christie detective stories and Ian flemings books introduced James bond. In 2003 the lord of the rings by JRR tolkien was voted the countries best loved model. The Man booker prize for fiction is awarded annually to the best fiction novel written by an author from the commonwealth, Ireland or zimbabwe since 1968

Answer 42

Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice - marriage and family Charles Dickens - Oliver twist + great expectations Robert Louis Stevenson - Treasure island, kidnapped, Dr Jekyll and mr hyde Thomas Hardy - author + poet - far from the madding crowd and jude the obscure Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - scottish doctor _ writer - stories on sherlock holmes Evelyn Waugh - novelist including Decline and Fall, brideshead revisited and school Sir kingsley Amis - english novelist and poet - Lucky jim Graham Greene - novels influenced by religious beliefs - incl the heart of the matter, the honorary consul, brighton rock and our man in havana J K Rowling - wrote harry potter

Answer 43

Beowulf, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Sir Gaiwan and green knight, about one of the lights at the court of king aurthur Protestant poet John Milton - paradise los POETRY WAS VERY POPULAR IN 19TH CENTURY, POETS WILLIAM BLAKE, JOHN KEATS, LORD BYRON, PERCY SHELLEY, ALFRED LORD TENYSON AND ROBERT ELIZABETH BROWNING. William Wordsworth inspired by nature Sir Walter scott - poems about area between england and scotland border and novels based in scotland Wilfred Owen and Sigfriend Sasson were inspired to write about WWI experiences. Some famous lines include Oh to be in england now that aprils there And whoever wakes in england sees, some moning unaware That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf Round the elm tree bole they are in tiny leaf While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In england now ROBERT BWORNING _ HOME THOUGHTS FROM ABOAD She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes LORD BYRON - SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY I wander’d lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills When all at once i saw a crowd A host of golden daffodils WILLIAM WORDSWORTH - THE DAFFODILS Tyger tyger burning bright In the forests of the night What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy symmetry? WILLIAM BLAKE - THE TYGER What passing bells for these who die as cattle? Only the monstrous anger of the guns Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons - WILFRED OWN - ANTHEM FOR THE DOOMED YOUTH

Answer 44

Famous gardens, Sissinghurt and Hidcote in England,Crathes Castle and Inveraray Castle in Scotland, Bodnant Garden in Wales and Mount Stewart in Northern Island Flower associations for each country England - Rose, Scotland - Thistle, Wales - Daffodil, Northern Island - the shamrock

Answer 45

Eminent film directors include Sir Alexander Korda + Alfred Hitchcock who later left hollywood and remained important directors Sir David Lean and Sir Ridley Scott found great success In which we serve, moral boosting film through WWI Nick Park won 4 oscars for wallace and gromit Actors such as SIR LAURENCE OLIVER, DAVID NIVEN, Sir REX HARRISON AND RICHARD BURTON starred in a wide variety of popular films

Answer 46

``` The 39 steps - Alfred Hitchcok Brief encounter - david lean The third man - Carol reed The belles of St trinians - Frank Lauder Lawrence of Arabia - David lean Women in love - Ken Russel Dont look now - Nicolas Roeg Chariots of Fire - Hugh Hudson The killing fields - Roland Joffe Four weddings and a funeral - Mike Newell Touching the void - Kevin Macdonald ```

Answer 47

19th century satirical magazines began to be published. Famous one was punch published for the first time in the 1840s.

Answer 48

Big ben, clock over 150 years old, clock tower named Elizabeth tower in honour of diamond jubilee in 2012 The Eden Project in cornwall, charity run biomes with plants from worldwide Edinburgh castle Giants causeway Loch lomond and the trossachs national park - the lake is the largest lake in britain. Park over 720 sq miles. Snowdonia - with snowdon, highest mountain in wales Lake district, Englands largest national park. Biggest stretch of water is windermere.

Answer 49

End of 19th century Britain was not a democracy,only a small number of men over 21 with certain amounts of property could vote. In 1830s and 40s a group called the chartists campaigned for reform, the six changes they wanted were For everyone to be able to vote All regions to have equal electoral power Secret bellows Any man to be able to stand as an MP For MPS to be paid By 1918 most reform had been adopted.The voting franchise was also extended to women over 30 and in 1928 to me and women over 21, in 1969 the voting age was reduced to 18 for both sexes.

Answer 50

The Constitution includes laws and conventions. British constitution is unwritten. Because Britain had never had a revolution leading to a drastic change in the government system. Some believe unwritten constitution allows for a more flexible and better government.

Answer 51

The monarchy, Parliament (house of commons and house of Lords), the prime minister, the cabinet, the judiciary(courts), the police, the civil service and local government. In addition, developed governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern island that have power to legislate on certain issues.

Answer 52

Constitutional Monarchy - King or Queen does not rule the country but appoints the government through peoples vote. She invites the leader of a party with the most MPs or leader of the coalition to become president. Queen regularly meets prime minister and ‘encourages’. Queen reigned since her fathers death in 1952, in 2012 she celebrated her diamond jubilee. She is married to Prince Phillip. Prince Charles is heir to the throne. Queen has important ceremonies like opening the new parliament session each year. On this occasion she makes a speech which summarises the government policies for the year ahead. All acts of parliament made in her name. Queen hosts ambassadors + high commissioners, heads of state, makes state visits overseas for economic and diplomatic purposes. Oath of allegiance - I (name) swear by the almighty god that on becoming a british citizen, i will be faithful and bear true allegiance to her majesty Queen Elizabeth the second, her heirs and successors, according to law Affirmation of allegiance - I (name) do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm that on becoming a british citizen, i will be faithful and bear true allegiance to her majesty Queen Elizabeth the second, her heirs and successors.

Answer 53

Constituencies vote for a MP who is associated with a party in general elections, the party that gets the most seats leads the country. The MPs make up the house of commons.

Answer 54

Considered the more important of the two because members are democratically elected. Prime minister and almost all members of cabinet are members of house of commons. MPs are responsible for; representing everyone in their constituency, help creating new laws, scrutinise and comment on what the government is doing, debate important national issues.

Answer 55

Members of the house of lords are known as peers, they arent elected nor do they represent a constituency. Until 1958 all peers were ‘hereditary', they inherited their title or were senior judges or bishops of church of england. Since 1958 the prime minister has had power to nominate peers for their own life time, these are called life peers. Life peers usually had important careers in politics, business, law or another profession. They also include people nominated by the leaders of the other main political parties or by an independent appointments commission for non party peers Since 1999 hereditary peers hae lost the automatic right to attend the house or Lords, they now elect a few of their number to represent them in the house of lords. They can suggest new laws or amendments, they also check laws passed by the house of commons.

Answer 56

Neutral and does not support a party, but deals with constituent issues like any other MP, chosen by other MPs in a secret ballot. Keeps order during political debates to make sure rules are followed, also ensuring opponent has enough time to respond to debate issues.

Answer 57

Chancellor of the Exchequer - economy Home Secretary - responsible for crime, policing and immigraiton Foreign secretary - responsible for managing relations with other countries Other ministers, called secretary of states, eg education, health defence

Answer 58

Pressure and lobby groups try to influence government decisions (important in politics) some are organisations like Confederation of British industry, which represents views of british business. Others like greenpeace

Answer 59

Civil servants are accountable to ministers, chosen on merit and are politically neutral, not political appointees

Answer 60

Local authorities funded by local tax and central government. Many appoint a mayor. London has 33 local authorities, greater london authority and mayor coordinating policy. For most local authorities elections are held in may every year, where many stand for council election as members of a political party

Answer 61

``` Welsh Assembly (1999, Cardiff) (building march 2006) 60 members (AMs) Elections every 4 years Power since 2011 can make law without UK parliament in 21 areas including: Education and training Health and social services Economic development housing ``` The Scottish Parliament (1999, Edinburgh)(building october 2004) 129 Members (MSPS Elections - use a form of proportional representation Power In all areas not specifically reserved by UK parliament inducing Civil and criminal law Health Education Training Additional tax raising powers Ther Northern Ireland Parliament (1922) Abolishes in 1972 after the troubles started in 1969 ``` The Northern Ireland Assembly (Belfast 1998) soon after Belfast agreement 1988 108 members (MLAss) Use form of proportional representation. Ministerial offices shared between main parties Powers in areas including Education Agriculture The environment Health Social services Has been suspended several times ``` UK government has power to suspend all devolved assemblies Proceedings in parliament are broadcast on television and published in official records called Hansard.

Answer 62

Adult citizens of the UK, and citizens of the commonwealth and ireland who are resident in the UK can vote in all public elections

Answer 63

Updated every year around september and october, form sent to every household/ In Northern island individual registration is used. Individuals register themselves, once registered they only need to update their personal details accordingly ot stay on the register. By law each local authority has to make the electoral register available to anyone to look at, although it has to be supervised

Answer 64

NI Assembly - meet in NI assembly in Stortmont, in Belfast. Scottish Assembly meet in building called Holyrood in Edinburgh Wales Assembly met in Welsh assembly in Senedd in Cardiff bay

Answer 65

Commonwealth are an association of countries that support wach other and work towards democratic goals. Most were part of the british empire, few countries have joined. Queen is the ceremonial head of the 54 commonwealth countries, membership is voluntary. Commonwealth has no power over its members, more emphasis on values of democracy, good government and rule of law. List of commonwealth members - Antigua and Barbuda, bangladesh, botswana, canada, fiji, grenada, jamaica, lesotho, maldives, mozambique, new zealand, papa new guinea, seychelles, solomon islands, st kitts and nevis, swaziland, trinidad and tobago, Uk. Australia, barbados, brunei Darussalam, cyprus, the gambia, guyana, kenya, malawi, malta, namibia, nigeria, rwanda, siera leone, south africa, st lucia, tanzania, tuvalu, vanatu, the bahamas, belize, cameroon, dominica, ghana, india, kiribati, malaysia, mauritius, nauru, pakistan, samoa, singapore, sri lanka, st vincent and the grenadines, tonga, uganda and Zambia.

Answer 66

Respecting the law ( Every person in the UK receives equal treatment under the law. This means that the law apples in the same way to everyone no matter who they are or where they are from) ``` Criminal Law Carrying a weapon Drugs Racial crime Selling tobacco Smoking in public places ``` ``` Civil Law Housing law between landlords and tenants Consumer rights Employment rights Debt ```

Answer 67

Organised into a number of separate police forces headed by the chief constables who are independent of the government In november 2012 public elected first Police and crime commissioners (PCCs) in England and Wales. Directly elected people responsible for the delivery of an effective and efficient police force that reflects the needs of the local community. PCCs set local police authorities and the local police budget, they also appoint a Chief Constable. Police supported by Police community support officers (PCSOs) who have different roles according to area, but usually patrol streets, work with the public, support police on crime scenes and major events.

Answer 68

(In England, Wales and Northern Island, most minor crimes are dealt with by the magistrate court. In Scotland minor crimes are dealt with by the Justice of Peace court.) Magistrate and justice of peace courts are members of the local community. In England, Wales and Scotland they usually work unpaid and do not need legal qualifications. They receive training of the job and are supported by a legal adviser. Magistrates decide the verdict and the sentence given In Northern Island cases are heard by a district judge or by deputy district judges who are legally qualified and paid

Answer 69

In Scotland, serious cases are heard in a sheriff court with either a sheriff or a sheriff with a jury. The most serious cases such as murder are dealth with by the High court with a judge and a jury. Jury is made up of members of the public chosen at random from the electoral register In England, Wales and northern island a jury has 12 members, and in scotland it has 15 members. Jury service is mandatory. Guilty or not guilty, in scotland the prior and not proven. The old bailed is probably the most famous criminal court in the world.

Answer 70

Parents or carers expected to attend the hearing, no members of public allowed in youth courts, no photographs of the young person or names can be released by the media. In Scotland a system called the children's hearing system is used to deal with children and young who have committed an offence. Northern island has a system of youth conferencing to consider how a child should be dealt with when they have committed an offence.

Answer 71

Most serious offences in Scotland MURDER - Scotland High court heard by judge and jury Serious offences in Eng, NI and Wales : Crown court heard by judge and jury Serious offences in scotland: Sheriff court heard by sheriff or sheriff and jury Minor criminal cases in Eng and Wales:Magistrate courts heard by unpaid individuals with no need for legal qualifications Minor cases in Scotland: Justice of the peace court heard by justices who are unpaid nd do not need legal qualifications Minor cases in Northern Island:Magistrate court heard by district judges or deputy district judges who are legally qualified and paid Minor perpetrators in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: Youth courts heard by up to three specially trained magistrates or a district judge. More serious cases go to crown court Minor perpetrators in Scotland: Children's hearings system Minor perpetrators in Northern Ireland: Youth conferencing system is used to consider punishment Juries in England, Scotland and Wales have 12 members who decide if guilty or not guilty Juries in Scotland have 15 members who decide if guilty, not guilty or not proven

Answer 72

In scotland most matters dealt with by sheriff court, but serious civil cases dealt with in the court of session in Edinburgh In England, wales and Northern Ireland crown court will deal with serious civil cases eg involving a lot of financial compensation

Answer 73

In England and Wales it is used in cases with claims up to £10,000 and up to £3000 in Scotland and Northern Island. Serious civil cases in England, Wales and Northern ireland: High court Serious civil cases in Scotland:Court of session in Edinburgh Civil disputes in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: County courts Civil disputes in Scotland: Sheriff court

Answer 74

Some of the principles included in the european convention on the human rights are Right to life Prohibition of torture, slavery and forced labour Right to liberty and security Right to a fair trial Freedom of thought, conscience, religion and expression of speech The human rights act of 1998 incorporated the european convention of humans rights into uk law. The government , public bodies and the courts must follow the principles of the convention

Answer 75

Forced marriages protection order introduced in 2008 for England, Wales and Northern island under the Forced marriage civil protection act 2007. Court orders can be obtained to protect a person from being forced into a marriage or protect a person in a forced marriage. Similar protection orders were introduced in scotland in november 2011.

Answer 76

Drivers over 70 have licenses that only last for 3 years New drivers in Northern ireland must have an R on their card meaning restricted driver If you have license from another country you may use it for up to 12 months Vehicle must be registered to DVLA, if not used for a while you must make a Statutory Off road notification (SORN), cannot be transferred just like vehicle tax. MOT must be done if vehicle is over 3 years old.

Answer 77

When you move into a new house or apartment, introduce yourself to the people who live near you. Getting to know your neighbours can help you become part of the community and make friends

Answer 78

School governors and school boards in scotland are people from the local community who wish to make a positive contribution to children's education. Myst be 18 or over at the point of their election of appointment. Governors and school boards have important part to play in raising school standards, main roles are Setting strategic direction for school, ensuring accountability and monitoring and evaluating school performance.

Answer 79

British citizens can stand for office as a councillor or a member of parliament. Opportunity to become even more involved in political life. You may also stand for office if you are an irish citizen, an eligible commonwealth citizen.

Answer 80

Apply to become a magistrate.

Life In the UK Flashcards

(104 cards)