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life on earth Flashcards

biology (43 cards)

1
Q

the place where an organism lives is its

A

habitat

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2
Q

all of the organisms of one species of one species in a habitat is a

A

population

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3
Q

all the living organisms in a habitat are known as

A

community

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4
Q

what do we call a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring?

A

a species

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5
Q

the variety of living things in a ecosystem is known as

A

biodiversity

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6
Q

what makes an ecosystem?

A

all the living things and their environment

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7
Q

what is a predator?

A

a animal that hunts another animal for its food

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8
Q

what do we call animals that are hunted by a predator?

A

prey

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9
Q

what is the other name for a green plant (because it can make its own food)

A

producer

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10
Q

what do we call animals that obtain food by feeding on other organisms?

A

consumer

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11
Q

what is the term for ‘the role an organism plays in its community’?

A

niche

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12
Q

what do the arrows in a food chain represent?

A

the direction of energy flow from one organism to another

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13
Q

why do food chains always start with green plants?

A

because they are producers

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14
Q

name 3 ways that energy can be lost from a food chain

A

it is used for movement
it is used for heat
faeces

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15
Q

what diagram shows a number of food chains linked in an ecosystem?

A

a food web

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16
Q

what does a pyramid of numbers show?

A

it shows the number of organisms at each stage

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17
Q

what does a pyramid of energy show?

A

represents the energy available at each stage of a food chain

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18
Q

what occurs in ecosystems when resources are in short supply?

19
Q

name the type of competition that occurs amongst individuals of different species

A

interspecific competition

20
Q

name the type of competition that occurs amongst individuals of the same species

A

intraspecific competition

21
Q

name three abiotic factors

A

PH
moisture
temperature
light intensity

22
Q

name three biotic factors

A

disease
food availability
predators
competition for resources
grazing

23
Q

how can you minimise error while using a moisture meter?

A

wipe the probe in between each sample

24
Q

name the equipment used to sample plants

25
how should quadrants be placed on the ground?
randomly
26
name the equipment used to sample ground crawling insects
pitfall traps
27
describe a potential error when using a pitfall trap
trap is not level with the ground so therefore the organisms dont fall in
28
what is it called when measurements are taken along a line within an area
a transect
29
what is the equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide +water-(light + chlorophyll)- sugar + oxygen
30
name the two stages of photosynthesis
light reaction and carbon fixation
31
what is the energy change in photosynthesis?
light energy is converted into glucose
32
name the green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis
chlorophyll
33
what two chemicals are made in the light reactions and then used in carbon fixation
ATP and hydrogen
34
what is the main product of the carbon fixation?
glucose
35
what are the three fates of glucose made by photosynthesis?
used for respiration convert to starch for storage convert it to cellulose to build up the cell wall
36
name the three limiting factors of photosynthesis
temperature light intensity carbon dioxide concentration
37
what effect will increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide have on the rate of photosynthesis?
increase the rate of photosynthesis
38
what is the effect of low temperature on the rate of photosynthesis
reduces the rate of photosynthesis
39
explain how high temperatures can reduce or stop photosynthesis?
enzymes become denatured
40
if an underwater plant produces lots of bubbles, what gas would this be and what is this gas a measurement of?
the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis and the gas would be carbon dioxide
41
why is the demand for food increasing?
because the human population is increasing rapidly
42
name two types of chemical that farmers can use to increase crop yield
fertilisers and pesticides
43