Life Process

Question 1

Whats Cytoplasm?

Answer 1

Gelatinous liquid that fills up interior of cell

Question 2

Whats a nucleus?

Answer 2

A cell organelle That holds the chromosomes. Its selectively permeable.

Question 3

Whats a cell membrane?

Answer 3

The part of the cell that seperates the interior of the cell from the exterior enviorment. Its selectively permeable.

Question 4

Whats the mitochondria?

Answer 4

The power house of the cell. It generates most of the chemical energy the cell needs to survive.

Question 5

Whats a vacuole?

Answer 5

An organelle that is temporary in animal cells but permanent in plant cells. It controls the cells water balance.

Question 6

Whats a chloroplast?

Answer 6

An organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis and contains a green pigment called chloroplast.

Question 7

Whats are enzymes?

Answer 7

Biological catalysts that control all reactions that take place in a cell. Without them life would be too slow to carry on.

Question 8

How do enzymes work?

Answer 8

The molecule the enzymes acts on is called the substrate and the area the substrate attaches to on the enzyme is called the active site.
Once the substrate attaches to the active site, the reaction takes place and the products are formed.
However enzymes can only act upon substrates that fit into its mold like a lock and key structure.

Question 9

Whats the optimal temperature for enzymes?

Answer 9

37C. As the temperature increases the molecules in the cell gains energy and move faster resulting in more reactions. However anything above 40C and the enzymes start to denature.

Question 10

Whats denaturing?

Answer 10

Denaturing is when the enzymes active site starts to break down and deform. This happens because the enzymes are made of proteins, and proteins break down in heat. The enzyme becomes permanently damaged and cannot catalyze anymore.

Question 11

Whats respiration?

Answer 11

A process carried out by living things to produce energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide.

Question 12

Whats ATP?

Answer 12

Adenosine Triphosphate is a compound that’s used as a store of chemical energy in cells. Can be used to pass energy from respiration to other processes in the body.

Question 13

How does ATP work?

Answer 13

When energy is needed, the cells breaks down adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and phosphate and chemical energy is released.

Question 14

Whats anaerobic respiration?

Answer 14

Respiration that occurs when O2 is in short supply. Glucose isnt broken down completely and less energy is released.

Question 15

What happens when yeast cells cant get enough O2?

Answer 15

They respire anaerobically and glucose is broken down into ethanol and CO2.

Question 16

What happens when cells start to respire anaerobically?

Answer 16

The respire anaerobically and glucose is broken down into a substance called lactic acid.

Question 17

Explain diffusion in cells

Answer 17

Occurs when the cell needs to move a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Like when the cell is making CO2. Theres a net movement of molecules outside the cell.

Question 18

Explain active transport

Answer 18

When a cell needs to take in a substance theres very little off outside the cell. It does this using energy from respiration to power large protein molecules. Active transport occurs in the small intestine where glucose is taken into the cells lining the intestine.

Question 19

Explain osmosis?

Answer 19

Occurs when theres an unequal amount of water concentration on either side of the cell membrane. Water will move across the membrane from the more dilute solution to the more concentrated one. Only occurs if the membrane is partially permeable.

Question 20

What are some specialized exchange surfaces?

Answer 20

The alveoli.

Question 21

What are stem cells?

Answer 21

A cell that can divide many times but remains undifferentiated. Only later it develops into a specialized cell that can be used to replace damaged cells.

Question 22

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 22

Found in early stages of an embryo. Can differentiate into any cell.

Question 23

What are adult stem cells?

Answer 23

Found in adult tissue. They cant differentiate into any cell but can form into a number of specialized cells.

Question 24

What are tissues?

Answer 24

Cells with similar functions are called tissues. A collection of tissues carrying out the same goal is called an organ.