LIFE PROCESSES

Question 1

MAIN SUBSTANCES FOUND IN THE BODY

Answer 1

ORGANIC & SUBSTANCES

Question 2

% WATER?

Answer 2

65

Question 3

% MINERALS?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

% PROTEIN?

Answer 4

18

Question 5

% LIPIDS?

Answer 5

10

Question 6

% CARBS?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

% NUCLEIC ACIDS?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

WATER

Answer 8

> MOST ABUNDANT COMPONENT ON ORGANISMS
EXCELLENT SOLVENT
REACTION MEDIUM
TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES
REGULATES BODY TEMP
TAKES PART IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Question 9

PROTEINS

Answer 9

> MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC MOLECULE IN CELLS
IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELLS
ENZYMES & HORMONES
PROVIDE ENERGY

Question 10

LIPIDS

Answer 10

> ENERGY STORED IN PLANTS & ANIMALS
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT IN CELL MEMBRANE
SOME ARE HORMONES

Question 11

CARBOHYDRATES
SUGAR

Answer 11

PROVIDES ENERGY

Question 12

CARBOHYDRATES
STARCH

Answer 12

FOOD RESERVE FOR PLANTS

Question 13

CARBOHYDRATES
GLYCOGEN

Answer 13

FOOD RESERVE FOR ANIMALS

Question 14

CARBOHYDRATES
CELLULOSE

Answer 14

IMPORTANT FOR CELL WALL

Question 15

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Answer 15

> STORES INFORMATION WHICH CONTROLS CELL ACTIVITIES
DNA IN NUCLEUS
RNA IN CYTOPLASM/ NUCLEUS

Question 16

MINERALS

Answer 16

> IONS
HEALTHY FUNCTIONING OF ORGANISMS
TAKES PART IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PLANTS GET THESE FROM SOIL
ANIMALS GET THESE FROM DIET

Question 17

METABOLISM

Answer 17

ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT HAPPEN TO ORGANISMS

Question 18

TYPES OF METABOLISM
CATABOLISM

Answer 18

BREAKS DOWN COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
EX. RESPIRATION WHICH GIVES OUT ENERGY

Question 19

TYPES OF METABOLISM
ANABOLISM

Answer 19

BUILDS UP COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
EX. PHOTOSYNTHESIS WHICH REQUIRES ENERGY

Question 20

TYPES OF ENZYMES
EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

Answer 20

LEAVE THE CELL & PERFORM ACTIONS OUTSIDE THE CELL

Question 21

TYPES OF ENZYMES
INTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

Answer 21

PERFORMS ACTIONS INSIDE THE CELL

Question 22

CONTROL OF METABOLISM

Answer 22

ENZYMES SPEED UP METABOLISM

Question 23

NATURE & PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES
BIOLOGICAL

Answer 23

FOUND IN ORGANISMS

Question 24

CATALYST

Answer 24

> SPEEDS UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS
PROTEIN IN NATURE
SPECIFIC IN ACTION (ONE ENZYME-ONE CHEM RXN)
REVERSIBLE REACTION

Question 25

ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY

Answer 25

AFFECTED BY pH AND TEMP (HIGH TEMP & pH CAN DENATURE ENZYME)

Question 26

MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION

Answer 26

>EACH ENZYME HAS AN ACTIVE SITE >ACTIVE SITE IS WHERE THE ENZYME BINDS TO A SUBSTRATE >EACH ENZYME CAN ONLY ATTACH TO A SPECIFIC SUBSTRATE >ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX- STRUCTURE PRODUCED WHEN ENZYME AND SUBSTRATE BINDS >PRODUCT MOLECULES EXIT THE ACTIVE SITE >ACTIVE SITE CAN BE USED AGAIN

Question 27

EFFECTS OF TEMP ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY LOW TEMP

Answer 27

>LOW KINETIC ENERGY >LOW REACTION RATE >ENZYME BECOMES INACTIVE

Question 28

EFFECTS OF TEMP ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY HIGH TEMP

Answer 28

>HIGH KINETIC ENERGY >HIGH REACTION RATE

Question 29

OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

Answer 29

>TEMPERATURE THAT ALLOWS HIGHEST ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY >TEMP HIGHER THAN OPTIMUM TEMP CAN CAUSE CHANGES ON SHAPE OF ACTIVE SITE >ENZYMES CAN BE INACTIVE BUT NOT DENATURED IN LOW TEMP >DENATURED ENZYMES- CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES LOST; CANNOT BE RESTORED; PERMANENT

Question 30

OPTIMUM pH

Answer 30

>pH THAT CAN ALLOW HIGHEST ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY >HIGH pH CAN DESTROY ENZYME >LOWER OR HIGHER pH THAN OPTIMUM pH CAN INACTIVATE ENZYME

Question 31

FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES

Answer 31

TEMP & pH

Question 32

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

Answer 32

TEMP, pH, ENZYME CONCENTRATION, SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION

Question 33

APPLICATION OF ENZYMES

Answer 33

BIOLOGICAL WASHING POWDER

Question 34

TRASNPORT OF MATERIALS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 34

TO OBTAIN USEFUL MATERIALS & TO ELIMINATE METABOLIC WASTES

Question 35

PERMEABILITY LIVING CELL MEMBRANE VISKING TUBING/DIALYSIS TUBING

Answer 35

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

Question 36

PERMEABILITY DEAD CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL

Answer 36

FREELY PERMEABLE

Question 37

DIFFUSION

Answer 37

MOLECULES MOVE FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION

Question 38

FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION

Answer 38

SIZE TEMPERATURE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT MEDIUM SURFACE AREA (larger is always faster)

Question 39

IMPORTANCE OF DIFFUSION

Answer 39

>GETS RID OF WASTE PRODUCTS >GASEOUS EXCHANGE >ABSORBS MINERAL SALTS >ABSORBS DIGESTED FOOD

Question 40

OSMOSIS

Answer 40

WATER MOLECULE MOVE FROM HIGH TO LOW WATER CONCENTRATION

Question 41

WATER POTENTIAL

Answer 41

TENDENCY OF WATER MOLECULES TO DIFFUSE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER THE MORE CONCENTRATED THE SOLUTION, THE LOWER WATER POTENTIAL

Question 42

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Answer 42

MOLECULES MOVE FROM LOW TO HIGH CONCENTRATION ; REQUIRES ENERGY ; ONLY IN LIVING CELLS