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Life Processess Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the essential processes of life?

A

Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Growth, Reproduction.

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2
Q

Define nutrition.

A

Nutrition is the process of obtaining food and using it for growth and maintenance.

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3
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

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4
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesize their own food and depend on other organisms for nutrition.

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5
Q

Name the two main types of nutrition.

A

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic nutrition.

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6
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

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7
Q

Write the equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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8
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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9
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the biochemical process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

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10
Q

Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

A

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

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11
Q

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

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13
Q

What is the main organ of the circulatory system?

A

The heart.

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14
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

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15
Q

What is excretion?

A

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body.

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16
Q

Name the primary organ of excretion in humans.

A

Kidneys.

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17
Q

What is the process of filtration in kidneys called?

A

Ultrafiltration.

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18
Q

What are the main waste products excreted by the human body?

A

Urea, carbon dioxide, and water.

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19
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.

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20
Q

What are the two main types of reproduction?

A

Asexual and sexual reproduction.

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21
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

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22
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in genetically diverse offspring.

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23
Q

Why do herbivores have longer intestine than carnivores

A

Niche padle

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24
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

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25
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions that break down food.
26
What is the primary site of nutrient absorption?
The small intestine.
27
What is the function of the large intestine?
The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
28
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
29
What is the role of hormones in life processes?
Hormones regulate various physiological processes in the body.
30
Define metabolism.
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
31
What are the two types of metabolic processes?
Catabolism and anabolism.
32
What is catabolism?
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
33
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
34
What is the significance of water in life processes?
Water is essential for biochemical reactions, transport, and temperature regulation.
35
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is used to break down glucose to produce energy.
36
What is the term for the movement of substances across cell membranes?
Transport.
37
What are the two main types of transport in cells?
Passive transport and active transport.
38
What is passive transport?
Passive transport is the movement of substances across a membrane without the use of energy.
39
What is active transport?
Active transport is the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.
40
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
41
What is the role of the respiratory system?
The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
42
What is the primary organ of the respiratory system?
Lungs.
43
What is the process of gas exchange in the lungs called?
External respiration.
44
What is the term for the process by which organisms respond to stimuli?
Irritability.
45
What are the basic units of life?
Cells.
46
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
47
What are the four main types of tissues in animals?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
48
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function.
49
What is an organ system?
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out complex functions.
50
Give an example of an organ system in humans.
The digestive system.
51
What is the significance of reproduction in life processes?
Reproduction ensures the continuation of a species.
52
What is the role of the immune system?
The immune system protects the body from infections and diseases.
53
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
54
What is the function of antibodies?
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
55
What is the role of the nervous system?
The nervous system coordinates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli.
56
What are neurons?
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses.
57
What is the central nervous system composed of?
The brain and spinal cord.
58
What is the peripheral nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside the central nervous system.
59
What is the role of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones.
60
What is the function of the reproductive system?
The reproductive system is responsible for producing gametes and facilitating reproduction.
61
What are gametes?
Gametes are the reproductive cells, sperm in males and eggs in females.
62
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
63
What is the role of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provides support, protection, and facilitates movement.
64
What is homeostatic imbalance?
Homeostatic imbalance occurs when the internal environment of the body is disrupted.
65
Define metabolism.
Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
66
What is the role of vitamins in nutrition?
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for various metabolic processes.
67
What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts.
68
What is the function of minerals in the body?
Minerals are essential for various biochemical processes and maintaining overall health.

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