life science

Question 1

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Main source of energy.

Question 2

Name the types of carbohydrates.

Answer 2

• Monosaccharides (glucose)
• Disaccharides (sucrose)
• Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Question 3

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 3

Energy storage, insulation, cell membrane structure.

Question 4

List the types of lipids.

Answer 4

• Fats
• Oils
• Waxes
• Steroids

Question 5

What is the primary function of proteins?

Answer 5

Building structures (muscle, enzymes, antibodies).

Question 6

Proteins are made of?

Answer 6

Amino acids.

Question 7

What are the structural levels of proteins?

Answer 7

Primary → Quaternary levels.

Question 8

What is the function of vitamins?

Answer 8

Essential for metabolic processes.

Question 9

Give examples of vitamins and their functions.

Answer 9

• Vitamin A (vision)
• Vitamin C (immune system)
• Vitamin D (bones)

Question 10

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 10

Biological catalysts, speed up reactions.

Question 11

What are the properties of enzymes?

Answer 11

• Specific
• Work at optimal pH/temp
• Affected by inhibitors

Question 12

What does DNA do?

Answer 12

Stores genetic info.

Question 13

What is the role of RNA?

Answer 13

Involved in protein synthesis.

Question 14

Nucleic acids are made of?

Answer 14

Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base).

Question 15

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 15

Plant Cell: Has cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole.
Animal Cell: No cell wall, no chloroplasts, smaller vacuole.

Question 16

What common organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?

Answer 16

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• ER
• Golgi
• Cell membrane

Question 17

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 17

• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis

Question 18

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 18

Growth, repair, asexual reproduction.

Question 19

True or False: Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division due to mutations.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

Name the external organs of a plant.

Answer 20

• Root
• Stem
• Leaf
• Flower
• Fruit

Question 21

What are the internal organs of a plant?

Answer 21

• Xylem
• Phloem
• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma
• Sclerenchyma

Question 22

What structures are found in a dicotyledonous leaf?

Answer 22

• Upper epidermis
• Palisade mesophyll
• Spongy mesophyll
• Lower epidermis
• Guard cells/stomata

Question 23

What adaptations do xerophytes have?

Answer 23

• Thick cuticle
• Sunken stomata

Question 24

What adaptations do hydrophytes have?

Answer 24

• Air spaces
• Floating leaves

Question 25

What are the types of permanent plant tissues?

Answer 25

* Parenchyma (storage) * Collenchyma (support) * Sclerenchyma (strength) * Vascular: Xylem (water), Phloem (food)

Question 26

What types of animal tissues exist?

Answer 26

* Epithelial (covers surfaces) * Connective (bone, blood, fat) * Muscle (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) * Nervous (sends impulses)

Question 27

Define a cell.

Answer 27

Basic unit of life.

Question 28

Define tissue.

Answer 28

Group of similar cells.

Question 29

Define an organ.

Answer 29

Group of tissues with a function.

Question 30

Define a system.

Answer 30

Group of organs.

Question 31

What is diffusion?

Answer 31

Movement of molecules.

Question 32

What is osmosis?

Answer 32

Movement of water across membrane.