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Science 116 > Life Science > Flashcards

Life Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life cycle?

A

Changes from birth-adult

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2
Q

Metamorphosis and types

A

Change of form during life cycle

Complete: 4 stages, baby looks nothing like adult. Egg-Larva-Pupa- Adult. Butterfly

Incomplete: 3 stages, adult is bigger version of baby. Egg-Nymph-Adult. Human

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3
Q

Taxonomy in order

A

Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

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4
Q

Kingdoms

A

Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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5
Q

What is taxonomic hierarchy?

A

Sorting organisms based on physical features

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6
Q

What do Archaebacteria and Prokaryotes have in common?

A

No defined nucleus.

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7
Q

What is an eukaryote?

A

Cell with defined nucleus that separates DNA from cytoplasm and organelles

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where sugars are made in photosynthesis

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Liquid that allows movement in the cell

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Where DNA is

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12
Q

Endoplasmatic reticulum

A

Where proteins and fats are made

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13
Q

What is the plasma barrier in a cell?

A

Cellular barrier in animal cells

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14
Q

What does a ribosome do?

A

It makes proteins

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15
Q

What does the Golgi complex do?

A

Packs molecules to send to other places within the cell

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16
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

Barrier in plant cell

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17
Q

What are the centrioles?

A

They work in cell division

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18
Q

What are the lysosomes?

A

It is where waste material is broken down

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19
Q

What is a cytoskeleton?

A

It maintains the shape of the cell

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20
Q

Circulatory system

A

Transports nutrients, waste, water, cells. Heart, arteries, veins.

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21
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down food for energy.

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22
Q

Excretory system

A

Gets rid of waste

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23
Q

What is instinctual behavior?

A

Behavior that you’re born with.

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24
Q

What is learned behavior?

A

Behavior that is learned from parents or environment

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25
What is structural adaptation?
Physical characteristics that lets an organism survive. Camouflage, chemical defenses, mimicking other organisms
26
Parasitism
Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed
27
Predator
Organism that kills other organism to get food.
28
Commensalism
Symbiotic relationship where an organism benefits and the other is unaffected
29
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
30
Photosynthesis
Process by which plants get energy from sun radiation, CO2 and water
31
Characteristics of bacteria
Single celled. Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral. Can be harmful. Are decomposers.
32
What is a biome?
Large community of living organisms.
33
Homeostasis
An organism's desire to keep an internal balance no matter the external conditions
34
What is an amphibian?
Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Young ones look like fish and breathe on gills, eventually they grow four legs and develop lungs, adults live on land. Frogs, toads, salamanders
35
What is an ecosystem?
Interaction of abiotic and biotic parts of a community
36
What are minerals?
Natural, inorganic, specific chemical formula crystal shaped solids
37
What is a deciduous tree?
They shed leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring.
38
What is a coniferous tree?
They have needles and drop seed to grow new trees after. They do not shed
39
Parts of a plant
Roots: Anchor and nutrient absorb Stems: Carry food, give structure Leaves: Photosynthesis Flowers: Sexual reproductive part
40
Describe an insect
Invertebrate with exoskeleton Three body part Antennas Lays eggs
41
What is the stomata?
Small openings to let nutrients pass on leaves
42
Food chain
Shows the movement of energy through organisms.
43
What is a producer?
It is an autotroph, it begins the food chain
44
Primary consumer
Eats the producer, is a herbivore
45
Secondary Consumer
Eats the primary consumer, is a carnivore or omnivore
46
Tertiary consumer
Eats the secondary consumer, is a carnivore
47
Apex predator
Has no enemies, sits on top of the food chain
48
Decomposer
Breaks down dead organisms, restarts the food chain
49
What is a keystone species?
Plays a key role in the ecosystem and creates balance
50
Electron
Negative part of an atom, orbits the nucleus, can move around
51
Proton
Positive part of an atom, stays on the nucleus with the neutrons
52
Neutron
No charge, stays in the nucleus
53
What is an element?
Made up of one substance, cannot be reduced into something simpler
54
Integumentary system
Outer coverings of human body. Hair, nails, exocrine glands
55
Reproductive system
Produces offspring
56
What is sperm?
Male reproductive cell
57
Endocrine system
Hormone production
58
Lymphatic system
Defends from disease, infections.
59
Muscular system
Allows for movement
60
Skeletal muscles
Connects bones, voluntary muscles
61
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle, stomach, bladder transport
62
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
63
How many bones do we have?
206 bones
64
Nervous system
Controls all body
65
Respiratory system
Oxygen-CO2 exchange.
66
Explain blood
Blood is the liquid that flows through veins, arteries, there are two types of blood cell: white and red. White defends the body Red carries oxygen to all the body
67
What are organs?
Formed from tissue, work for an specific goal.
68
What is DNA?
Contains all genetic information of an organism
69
What is RNA?
Molecule that produces proteins in a cell
70
What is natural selection?
Survival of the fittest.
71
Dominant trait
Strongest traits. Brown eyes, dimples, oval face, unattached earlobes
72
Recessive trait
Weakest traits. Blue eyes, straight hair, attached earlobes
73
What is a mutation
It is an error in the genetic code, it can be beneficial or harmful
74
What is competition?
It happens when two organisms have the same needs. Eventually the weakest organism has to evolve, migrate or die
75
What is an adaptation?
Change in a body part or structure that helps an organism survive and reproduce
76
What is artificial selection?
Selection and breeding of desirable traits
77
RNA bases
Adenine, Uracile, Guanine, Cytosine
78
DNA bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
79
Sexual reproduction
Male + Female. diversity
80
Asexual reproduction
Copy of parent. Fast
81
Homozygous
Purebred. BB, bb
82
Heterozygous
Hybrid. Bb
83
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces gametes
84
What is a R-selected species?
These move quickly into an area, reproduce easily, are small and are not competitive.
85
What is a K-selected species?
Big, competitive, only one reproductive cycle
86
What is speciation?
When a species undergoes change that leads to the creation of a new species
87
What is endocytosis?
Ingestion of large particles into a cell. It occurs when a substance is too large to cross a cell membrane.
88
What is phagocytosis?
Ingestion of a particle
89
What is pinocytosis?
Ingestion of a liquid
90
What is exocytosis?
Expulsion of substances from the cell
91
What are some passive transport mechanisms?
Osmosis and diffusion
92
What are chromatids?
Two identical replicated pieces of chromosome joined at the centromere to form an X
93
What are gametes?
Cells used to reproduce sexually
94
Transcription
Synthesis of RNA. Information provided by DNA
95
Translation
Decoding of mRNA to make the protein
96
Catabolism
Macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules
97
Anabolism
Building of a variety of macromolecules

Science 116 (4 decks)

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