Lifespan development Final

Question 1

Define Menarche

Answer 1

The onset of menstruation

Question 2

Define Adolescence

Answer 2

The developmental stage that lies between childhood and adulthood

Question 3

Define puberty

Answer 3

The period during which the sexual organs mature

Question 4

Define Seccular trend

Answer 4

A pattern of change occurring over several generations

Question 5

Define Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 5

A severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary

Question 6

Define Bulimia

Answer 6

An eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of food through vomiting or laxatives.

Question 7

Talk about sleep deprivation in adolescents

Answer 7

With increasing academic an social demands paced on them, adolescents go to bed later and get up earlier. As a result, they often lead their lives in something of a sleep-deprived daze.

Question 8

Define Formal Operational stage

Answer 8

Piaget’s formal operational stage is the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly.

Question 9

Define informational processing perspective

Answer 9

The model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information

Question 10

Define Metacognition

Answer 10

the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes and their ability to monitor their cognition

Question 11

Define adolescent egocentrism

Answer 11

a state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself

Question 12

Define Imaginary Audience

Answer 12

An adolescent’s belief that his or her own behavior is a primary focus of others’ attentions and concerns

Question 13

Personal fables

Answer 13

the view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else

Question 14

How does socioeconomic status impact school performance and why

Answer 14

How: students of higher SES earn higher grades, score higher on standardized tests of achievement, and complete more years of schooling

Why: Children living in poverty lack many advantages enjoyed by higher SES. Nutrition levels are less adequate. Living in crowded homes they have less places to study. Homes may lack books and computers.

Question 15

How does sexual orientation develop

Answer 15

develops out of a complex interplay of genetic, physiological, and environmental factors.

Question 16

In School age children what is a road block for female success?

Answer 16

academic achievement

Question 17

According to Erikson, the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves is called

Answer 17

Identity-versus-identity-confusion stage.

Question 18

ccording to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called

Answer 18

identity achievement.

Question 19

Warren is a 16-year-old male who recently started to give away important possessions, stopped eating, and demonstrated general depression by being lethargic and uncommunicative. Warren may be demonstrating a warning sign of

Answer 19

Suicide

Question 20

Why do adolescents participate in risky behavior?

Answer 20

the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature

Question 21

What contributes to the rising number of adolescent suicides?

Answer 21

prevalent availability of guns in the U.S.

Question 22

When women and minorities hit an invisible barrier within an organization that, because of discrimination, prevents individuals from being promoted beyond a certain level, it is called the

Answer 22

Glass Ceiling

Question 23

Kiara is a go-getter at her sales job because she likes the finer things of life like sports cars, jewelry, and expensive vacations. Kiara is most likely motivated by

Answer 23

extrinsic motivation.

Question 24

What is true of homosexual households, compared with heterosexual households?

Answer 24

Labor in the household is more equally divided.

Question 25

According to Erikson, if a person in his/her 30s is unable to resolve the intimacy-versus-isolation stage, he/she is most likely to demonstrate which of the following characteristics?

Answer 25

fear of relationships

Question 26

Bernice’s male science professor gives her an easier research project than the males in the class. Although the professor thinks he is being helpful, this makes Bernice feel that she is not being taken seriously and this undermines her view of her competence. The professor is practicing

Answer 26

benevolent sexism.

Question 27

What type of intelligence allows some people to acquire the ability to relate to others, understand what others are experiencing, and respond to needs of others?

Answer 27

Emotional intelligence

Question 28

People with disabilities are

Answer 28

often undereducated compared with the general population

Question 29

A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness is known as

Answer 29

hardiness.

Question 30

Which of the following reflects a secure attachment style?

Answer 30

someone who finds it easy to get close to others and is comfortable depending on them

Question 31

Recent research indicates that first generation college students

Answer 31

are particularly susceptible to difficulties during their first year of college.

Question 32

Most research regarding marital satisfaction

Answer 32

substantiates the “U-shaped” pattern, where marital satisfaction is high at the beginning, drops down around the birth of children, and then gradually rises back to its original high level.

Question 33

erry is experiencing dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from his job, he’s likely to be suffering from ______________

Answer 33

Burnout

Question 34

Which of the following statements about empty nest syndrome is true?

Answer 34

Feelings of sadness and distress are temporary and mild.

Question 35

According to the cycle of violence hypothesis, abused and neglected children ________

Answer 35

are predisposed to be abusive as adults.

Question 36

Research indicates that stress can produce direct physiological effects, such as

Answer 36

Elevated blood pressure

Question 37

Which of the following comprise the “Big Five” major cluster of personality traits/characteristics?

Answer 37

neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

Question 38

______________, in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, is often caused by a lack of calcium in the diet.

Answer 38

Osteoporosis

Question 39

Which of the following statements about the effects of aging on memory in middle age is true?

Answer 39

Sensory and short-term memory hold steady, but long-term memory declines slightly.

Question 40

Juanita is feeling stressed today because her children need help with their homework while her elderly parents need someone to take them grocery shopping. Juanita is a member of the

Answer 40

sandwich generation.

Question 41

Middle-aged people who lose their jobs may be discriminated against when trying to find a new job, which is not only illegal, but based upon misguided assumptions. Which of the following statements is true about middle-aged workers?

Answer 41

Older workers hold their jobs longer and are more reliable.

Question 42

The death of a spouse leads most often leads to

Answer 42

profound feelings of loss and brings about drastic changes in economic and social changes.

Question 43

What is true regarding financial issues in late adulthood

Answer 43

Social inequities that various socioeconomic groups experience magnifies with increasing age.

Question 44

The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by a process of

Answer 44

looking back over one’s life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with it.

Question 45

A major criticism of Kübler-Ross’s theory is that ______________.

Answer 45

not everyone passes through all the stages once and in sequence

Question 46

The suicide rate for men in late adulthood

Answer 46

climbs steadily, especially for men over the age of 85.

Question 47

What statement best describes the use of technology by older adults?

Answer 47

People in late adulthood are increasingly embracing and using technology.

Question 48

Marge is a strict parent, and does not recall that she got drunk at her senior prom, which does not “fit” with the way she currently views herself. This is an example of

Answer 48

the Pollyanna principle.

Question 49

At what age are fears about death the greatest?

Answer 49

Middle Age

Question 50

Which of the following statements about the grieving process is true?

Answer 50

Less than 30 percent of people experience deep depression after a loved one dies.

Question 51

Which of the following older people is most likely to experience elder abuse?

Answer 51

people with Alzheimer’s or various forms of dementia living in their caretaker’s home an elderly person who resides in assisted living

Question 52

Define identity foreclosure

Answer 52

The status of adolescence who prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternative

Question 53

Define moratorium

Answer 53

The status of adolescents who may have explored various identity alternative but have not yet committed themselves

Question 54

Identity diffusion

Answer 54

The status of adolescents who consider various identity alternatives, but never commit to one of never even consider identity options in any conscious way.

Question 55

Define senescence

Answer 55

The natural physical decline brought on by aging

Question 56

According to Jan Sinnot post formal thought takes into account?

Answer 56

Real world considerations when solving problems. Post formal thinkers can shift back and forth between an abstract, ideal solution and real world constraints.

Question 57

According to Schaie the acquisitive stage is?

Answer 57

The first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood an adolescence, in which the main development task is to acquire information

Question 58

According to Schaie the Achieving stage is?

Answer 58

the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions

Question 59

According to Schaie the responsible stage is?

Answer 59

The stage in which the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.

Question 60

According to Schaie the executive stage is?

Answer 60

the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world

Question 61

According to Schaie the reintegrative stage is?

Answer 61

The period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning

Question 62

Steinbergs theory of intelligence is made up of three major components, what are they?

Answer 62

Componential- analysis of data to solve problems Experiential- How prior experiences are used in problem solving Contextual- How intelligence is used to face real world demands

Question 63

Fluid intelligence

Answer 63

reflects information processing capabilities reasoning and memory

Question 64

crystallized intelligence

Answer 64

the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply to problem solving situations