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Nutrition UNIT 4 > Lifespan Nutrition from Pregnancy to Toddler Years > Flashcards

Lifespan Nutrition from Pregnancy to Toddler Years Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What are the basic nutrients all ages need?

A

Essential amino acids, carbs, fatty acids, and 28 vitamins and minerals

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2
Q

What is the definition of pregnancy?

A

development of a zygote into an embryo and then a fetus in preparation for childbirth

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3
Q

What is infancy?

A

the earliest part of childhood; the period from birth through the first birthday

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4
Q

What is toddler age?

A

Ages 1 to 3 and are the end of early childhood

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5
Q

What is childhood?

A

Period from birth to 18

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6
Q

What is onset puberty?

A

can occur from ages nine to 15; the beginning of adolescence

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7
Q

What is older puberty?

A

The stage that takes place between 14 to 18

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8
Q

What is adulthood?

A

Period from end of adolescence to end of life; begins at age 18-19

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9
Q

What is Middle Age?

A

Period of adulthood from age 45 to 64

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10
Q

What is senior years to old age?

A

Extended from 65 until end of life

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11
Q

What is pregnancy?

A

Encompasses the time between fertillization and birth

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12
Q

True or False : Gestation is NOT another word for Pregnancy?

A

False

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13
Q

What is an embryo?

A

Between 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization; organs and vital be systems begin to develop

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14
Q

What is a fetus?

A

After 8 weeks of fertilization; organs continue to mature

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15
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

Supplies nutrients and oxygen; removes waster

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16
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Organ that holds the developing fetus

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17
Q

What’s lactation?

A

Production and secretion of milk

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18
Q

What is teratogen?

A

A substance that causes birth defects

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19
Q

What is conception?

A

A sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, creating a zygote

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20
Q

How many trimesters are there in pregnancy?

A

3

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21
Q

How long is the the first trimester?

A

1 to 12 Weeks

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22
Q

How long is the second trimester?

A

12 to 27 Weeks

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23
Q

How long is the the third trimester?

A

28 weeks - Birth

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24
Q

What is critical period?

A

The first trimester

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25
What happens in the first trimester?
- some major changes occur : the branching of nerve cells o form primitive neural pathways
26
What can be toxic during the first trimester?
Nutritional deficiency, medication, drugs, radiation, and tram can be harmful be and role of teratogens
27
What happens in the second semester?
- fetus looks like an infant - fetus can be affected by toxic exposure - nutritional deficiency affects mother’s ability to breastfeed - maternal deposits of breast tissue fat tissue
28
What happens in the third trimester?
- rapid growth - deposition of calcium and iron to the fetus during the last month - baby may deplete mom’s store if there is low intake
29
The precise weight gain during pregnancy depends on what?
The beginning weight or body mass index ( BMI)
30
What happens if the mom does not gain enough gain?
results in low birth weight of the infant Infant morality Intellectual disabilities
31
True or False: Infant birth weight is one the best indicators of a baby’s future health
True
32
What does adequate nutrition do during pregnancy?
- supports cell divison - tissue differentiation - organ development
33
How many carbohydrates are needed during pregnancy?
RDA: 175 to 265 grams
34
What are the functions of Carbohydrates?
Carbs help to fuel fetal brain development, build the placenta, and supply energy for the growth of the unborn body?
35
What are the sources of carbohydrates?
- whole -grain breads and cereals - brown rice - root vegetables - legumes - fruits
36
What is the RDA protein for pregnant women?
71 grams
37
What is the function of protein in pregnant women?
extra protein is needed for synthesis of new tissues (maternal and fetal) - builds muscle -enzymes -antibodies - hormones It builds both in the mother and unborn baby, supports increased blood volume and production of aminotic fluid
38
What are the sources of protein for pregnant women?
- lean red meat -poultry - legumes - seeds - dairy products
39
What is the RDA fats for pregnant women?
23-35%
40
What is the function of Fats in pregnant women?
Fatty acid especially omega 3 and 6, supports the baby's brain and eve development and are incorporated into placenta and fetal tissue
41
What are the sources of FATS?
Health fats such as avocados and salmons
42
What vitamins are needed during pregnancy?
Vitamin A, D, All B Vitamins,
43
What does Vitamin D do during pregnancy?
crucial during pregnancy to support fetal bone development for the skeleton building
44
What does Vitamin A do during pregnancy?
Crucial for vision
45
What vitamin B are needed during pregnancy?
Vitamin B6, b12, folate
46
What is Vitamin B6 used for?
supports the metabolism of amino acid
47
What is Vitamin B12 used for in pregnancy?
Is needed for the synthesis of red blood cells and DNA
48
What is folate used for in pregnancy?
Crucial because it also helps produce the extra blood a woman's body requires during pregnancy and to prevent neural tube defects; (needed 600mcg)
49
How much energy is needed in the 1st Trimester?
Balanced and adequate diet; no increase in calorie
50
How much energy is needed in the 2nd Trimester?
An additional 340 kcal
51
How much energy is needed in the 3rd Trimester?
An additional 450kcal/ day
52
How much fluid should I women drink ?
2.3 liters ( about 10 cups) per day
53
What minerals are used during pregnancy?
Zinc, iodine,iron, calcium, phosphrous, and magnesium
54
What is the function of Zinc in pregnancy ?
crucial for cell development and protein synthesis
55
What is the function of iodine in pregnancy?
A part of thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
56
What is the function of iron in pregnancy?
for an increase in blood supply are inadequate and to support the fetus and placenta
57
What is the function of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium?
To support fetal bone development for the skeleton building
58
What are the dietary guidelines for pregnant women?
- eat rich iron/ iron fortified foods -vitamin c rich foods -eat a well balanced diet - drink additional fluids, water especially
59
What are the foods/drinks to avoid during pregnancy?
- Alcohol - caffeine
60
What are the consequences of drinking alcohol during pregnancy?
Fetal alcohol disorders
61
Is there a safe level of alcohol consumption?
There is NO safe amount of alcohol that a pregnant women can consume
62
When are the effects of alcohol most severe in the first trimester?
The first trimester
63
What is the foodborne illness that causes problems in pregnant women?
Listeriosis
64
What are the symptoms of Listeriosis?
pregnant women experience only fever and other flu like symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches
65
What happens if Listeriosis happens to a pregnant women?
- miscarriage -stillbirth - premature delivery
66
Foods to avoid for Listeriosis?
unpasterurized dairy smoked seafood hot dogs cold cuts uncooked meats
67
What is accepted exercise during pregnancy?
At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity a week
68
What are the most food cravings in pregnancy?
milk meats pork liver
69
What is pica ?
A medical disorder, occurs during pregnancy more ofter in nonpregnant women due to iron deficiency
70
What is gestational diabetes?
the body becomes resistant to the hormone insulin, which enables cells to transport glucose from the blood
71
What is preeclampsia?
Gestational hypertension
72
What is Gestational Hypertension?
A condition of high blood pressure during the second half of pregnancy

Nutrition UNIT 4 (1 decks)

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