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NURS 3303 > Lifespan Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lifespan Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric Dosage Calculation

A

(BSA x adult dose) / 1.73m^2

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics of children often start resembling that of adults around what age?

A

1 year of age

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics of children often start resembling that of adults around what age?

A

1 year of age

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4
Q

Tests that determine liver function

A

ALT and AST

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5
Q

drugs in this category are proven to cause significant harm to fetus

A

Category X

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6
Q

To be classified as a teratogen, a drug must…

A

characteristic set of malformations, act only during a specific window of vulnerability, increase incidence of malformations with increasing dosage and duration of exposure

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7
Q

What causes drug sensitivity in older adults?

A

decline in organ function, comorbidities, and polypharmacy

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8
Q

Why do most older adults need smaller doses of meds?

A

decreased liver function means that they will have problems metabolizing drugs

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9
Q

Warfarin use during pregnancy can cause what complications?

A

fetal hemorrhage

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10
Q

How do food and drugs interact?

A

Foods can end up reducing the absorption of drugs

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11
Q

What food should be avoided by patients taking statins?

A

grapefruit juice

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12
Q

Tests that determine kidney function

A

GRF and creatinine

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13
Q

75-100% bioavailability; large volumes often feesible, may be painful

A

IM injection

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14
Q

How can pregnancy affect drug levels in the body?

A

Increased blood flow = increased GFR = increased excretion by urination = decreased drug levels

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15
Q

5-100% bioavailability; often rapid onset

A

inhalation

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16
Q

Why should children not be given aspirin?

A

It can cause Reye’s Syndrome

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17
Q

How does the increasing pH of older adults affect pharmacokinetics?

A

it increases absorption

18
Q

100% bioavailability; most rapid onset

A

IV

19
Q

What are the barriers to pharmacogenomic application?

A

lack of education, expensive, ethical implications, strict guidelines

20
Q

Which drugs cross the placenta the easiest?

A

lipid-soluble drugs

21
Q

What can liver dysfunction cause in regards to drug metabolism?

A

Liver dysfunction will decrease the metabolization of drugs, causing drug levels in the body to rise

22
Q

Tyramine increases the chances of what?

A

malignant transformation

23
Q

tolerance resulting from accelerated drug metabolism, often brought about by the ability of certain drugs to induce synthesis of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes (i.e., barbituates)

A

metabolic tolerance

24
Q

0-100% bioavailability; most convenient first-pass effect

A

Oral (PO or enteral)

25
Q

What is the cause of drug sensitivity in infants?

A

organ immaturity

26
Q

Heparin use during pregnancy cause what?

A

osteoporosis in the mother

27
Q

Beta blockers are contraindicated in which patient populations?

A

patients with asthma and COPD

28
Q

tolerance resulting from continued administration of a drug resulting in chronic receptor occupation, increasing MEC (i.e., morphine)

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance

29
Q

how your genes respond to medications

A

pharmacogenomics

30
Q

component of a drug response that is caused psychological factors and not by biochemical or physiological properties of the drug

A

placebo effect

31
Q

purpose of enteric coatings

A

prevent gastric juices from breaking down the medication

32
Q

30-100% bioavailability; less first-pass effect

A

rectal

33
Q

What complication occurs with drug excretion when there is renal dysfunction?

A

Renal dysfunction decreases drug excretion, therefore increasing the drug levels in the body.

34
Q

Promethazide administration in children can cause what dangerous complication?

A

Respiratory depression if the child is less than 2 yrs old

35
Q

What are drugs responses in infants like?

A

responses are often more intense and prolonged, leading to elevated drug levels in the body

36
Q

Misoprostol can cause what if taken during pregnancy?

A

spontaneous abortion

37
Q

75-100% bioavailability; smaller volumes than IM, may be painful

A

SQ injection

38
Q

What can occur if children are given tetracyclines?

A

staining of developing teeth

39
Q

reduction in drug responsiveness from repeated dosing over a short time (i.e., transdermal NGT patch)

A

tachyphylaxis

40
Q

Fluoroquinolones can cause what complication if administered to children?

A

tendon rupture

41
Q

Glucocorticoids should not be given to children for what reason?

A

They can cause growth suppression

42
Q

80-100% bioavailability; slow absorption and onset of action, no 1st pass, long duration of action

A

transdermal

NURS 3303 (10 decks)

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