Lifestyle and Cardiorespiratory Disease

Question 1

Which behavioural risk factors contributing to the highest proportion of deaths are

Answer 1

poor diet and tobacco smoking

Question 2

—- CVD deaths are preventable through risk factor modification

Answer 2

most

Question 3

social patterning of lifestyle behaviours

Answer 3

• eg smoking and diet
• why do people continue: addiction,
  everyone they know, social factors
• alcohol consumption by those work is
  more frequent and to a greater extent than
  those that are unemployed or
  economically inactive

Question 4

Alcohol consumption needed —– with healthy activities

Answer 4

counterbalancing

one vice is not as bad as all vices***

Question 5

higher social class women via middle class women alcohol consumption (middle age)

Answer 5

Higher social class women had ‘choices’ facilitated by bulging WELLNESS TOOLKITS ,such as yoga, exercise and healthy eating regimens—alcohol consumption wasnot essential to promoting ‘wellness’ and did not have an important place in theirtoolkits.* Middle-class women had less well-stocked toolkits and consumed alcohol in a‘compensation approach’ with other wellness tools. Alcohol consumption receivedpositive recognition and was a legitimised form of enjoyment, fun and socialising,which needed counterbalancing with healthy activities

Question 6

Exercise reccomendations

Answer 6

• 150 mins moderate intensity or 75 mins vigorous

Question 7

What is an obesogenic society?

Answer 7

• encourages obesity
• many less healthy cheaper options

Question 8

***Correlation between food bank use, single motherhood, motherhood and obesity

Answer 8

• gendered assumption that mothers are
  responsible for feeding their children
• mothers prioritised childrens needs over
  their own
• tended to skip meal, and consume high
  calorie nutritionally poor meals

food insecure mothers are most likely to be overweight

Question 9

**“choice of the necessary”

Answer 9

eg women responding to social norms instead of taking care of their health

Question 10

Nudges food:

Answer 10

• cognitive nudges: provide info like nutrition
  counts and healthy options more visible on
  shelfs
• affective nudges: seek to influence how
  people feel, without changing what they
  know, for example touting the taste of food
  rather than the healthiness
• behavioural nudges: try ot directly change
  behaviours without necessarily changing
  what people think or what they want, for
  example by changing the amount of food
  on the plate
  NOT ON EXAM

Question 11

Rather than health behaviours maintain our focus on the

Answer 11

structuring of choice

Question 12

***What % of individual health and quality of life are correlated with lifestyle

Answer 12

60%

Question 13

*** odd trend in alcohol consumption and consequences for
different socioeconomic backgrounds: WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR MORE MIDDLE CLASS DRINKING BUT MORE WORKING CLASS HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS

Answer 13

• increase in wine consumption
• others going down
• drinking increase in middle age men and women
• (82% in the last 12 months, 49% drink at least once a week or
  more)
• people who are most likely to drink are middle age, middle class not lowest deprivation
• HIGHEST RATES OF UNHEALTHY DRINKING ARE AMONG MANAGERIAL OR PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS
• BUT PPL MOST LIKELY TO BE ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL WITH ALCOHOL RELATED DISORDERS ARE FROM THE WORKING CLASS, BECUASE CULMINATION OF RISK FACTORS AND LESS HEALTHY BEHAVIOURS , MAY ALREADY HAVE CO-MORBIDITIES, MAY HAVE BEEN DRINKING SPIRITS RATHER THAN WINE

Question 14

Key words:

Answer 14

• cumulative
• wellness toolkits, counterbalancing drinking with healthier
  activities
• what do ppls wellness toolkits look like

Question 15

People who are food bank users are —— ——- and more likely to be overweight

Answer 15

food insecure

Question 16

Is it good to tell a pregnant woman to quit?

Answer 16

to cut down has more success
health compromises rather than health choices