Lifestyle factors and disease

Question 1

What are the leading causes of adult deaths n the uk?

Answer 1

• Cardiovascular disease: 24% - Cancer: 21% - Respiratory diseases: 20% - External factors: 4%

Question 2

What are lifestyle factors that improve health?

Answer 2

Self-management

• health-protective behaviours
• screening behaviours
• health risk behaviours

Question 3

What are 4 key health protective behaviours ?

Answer 3

• smoking - diet - alcohol - activity

Question 4

What is the significance of the observed dose-response effect?

Answer 4

• increased benefit with more health behaviours being done

Question 5

What is the magnitude of the benefit of engaging in all health behaviours rather than none?

Answer 5

• 3-3.5x less likely to die if you participate with all the healthy behaviours

Question 6

What does the IMB model show us about psychological model of health behaviour

Answer 6

• demonstrates the key elements needed for behaviour change

Question 7

What factor enable people to change unhealthy behaviour?

Answer 7

Motivation - these can be extrinsic or intrinsic factors

Question 8

How can behaviour changes be better managed?

Answer 8

Having SMART goals? - Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Relevant: links with their motivation (Realistic) - Time-limited

Question 9

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 9

• one-on-one approach - overcome ambivalence about behaviour to change - enhance commitment to change - enhance motivation to change - address barriers to change

Question 10

What are some limitations to models?

Answer 10

• a lot of variation, cannot explain exceptions - can explain efforts to change behaviour but cannot explain maintenance of these changes - there are non-rational factors

Question 11

What is the dual process model?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are reflective precursors?

Answer 12

• reasoned action
• planned behaviour
• health beliefs
• restraint standards

Question 13

What are boundary conditions?

Answer 13

• habitualness: despite stale popcorn, people will still eat the same amount as if it was fresh
• ego depletion: will-power comes from a limited pool of mental resources that can be used up. when energy for mental activity is low, self-control is low
• mood
• cognitive load: the brain can only process a certain amount of information at one time
• working memory capacity
• alcohol/other drugs

Question 14

What are impulsive precursors?

Answer 14

• automatic affective reactions
• automatic approach-avoidance reactions

Question 15

Describe the Health Belief Model

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the Theory of Planned Behaviour Model

Answer 16

Question 17

Explain the Transtheoretical Stages of change

Answer 17