Ligaments and blood vessels

Question 1

2 ligaments attached to ischium

Answer 1

Sarcospinous- ischia spine -> sacrum = greater sciatic foramen

Sarcotuberous ligament - sacrum -> ischial tuberosity = lesser sciatic foramen

Question 2

Ligament of head of femur

Answer 2

Ligamentum teres- attaches fovea Capitis, contains artery of ligamentum teres.

Question 3

Intracapsular ligament hip joint

Answer 3

Ligamentum teres (head of femur)

Question 4

EXTRACAPSULAR ligaments hip joint 3

Answer 4

Iliofemoral- strongest, inverted Y, anterior iliac spine -> intertrochanteric lines prevents Xs hyperextension

Pubofemoral- triangle, superior pubic ramus-> intertrochanteric line abduction, extension

Ischiofemoral - spiral shaped, body ischium-> greater trochanter femur internal rotation

Question 5

Blood supply of femoral head and neck

Answer 5

EXTRACAPSULAR arterial ring base femoral neck formed large branch- medial femoral circumflex artery and anteriorly- lateral femoral circumflex artery (branches profunda femoris artery)

-> ascending cervical branches (retinacular arteries)

Artery of ligamentum teres (from obturator artery) adult minimal supply

Page 108 Wb1

Question 6

Blood supply to knee

Answer 6

Genicular anastomoses around knee, genicular branches of femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 7

Intacapsular ligaments of knee 2

Answer 7

Cruciate ligaments

Anterior CL- posterolateral aspect femoral intercondylar fossa-> anteromedially-> anterior intercondylar eminence and medial meniscus (hands in pockets)

Posterior CL- medial roof intercondylar fossa-> posterolateral-> posterior intercondylar

ACL in front

Question 8

Ligaments that strengthen capsule of knee 1

Answer 8

Oblique popliteal ligament continuation fibres semimembranous tendon superclusters, medial tibial condyle -> back of knee lateral femoral condyle

Pg 148

Question 9

EXTRACAPSULAR ligaments of knee 3

Answer 9

Collateral ligaments

Medial CL- medial epicondyle femur-> medial epicondyle tibia and medial meniscus

Lateral CL- thinner and rounder, lateral epicondyle femur-> depression lateral fibula head

Patellar ligament - continuation quadriceps femoris tendon distal to patella-> tibial tuberosity

Question 10

Bursa of knee

Answer 10

Small sac lined synovial membrane, containing synovial fluid

Anterior top-> bottom: suprapatellar (above), subcutaneous prepatellar (in front), subcutaneous infrapatellar (below), deep infrapatellar (below)

Lateral on Tibia: subsartorial (pes anserinus) bursa

Posterior: semimembranous bursa

Question 11

Medial thigh artery

Answer 11

Obturator

Question 12

3 lymphatics lower limb

Answer 12

Medial vessels -> superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Lateral vessels-> popliteal lymph nodes

Efferent LV from popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal noes

Question 13

Ankle joint ligaments

Answer 13

Lateral: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular

Medial: medial/ deltoid ligament

Question 14

Ligamentum nuchae what and 3 roles

Answer 14

Thickening of supraspinous ligament, external occipital protuberance skull/ median Michal line -> spinous process C7

Anterior border- fibrous lamina attaches to posterior tubercle of atlas and to spinous process all 7 cervical vertebrae

Roles:
Maintains secondary curvature (lordosis) cervical spine, assists cervical spine support weight head, attachment muscles neck and trunk

Question 15

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 15

High elastin, appears yellow, between lamina adjacent vertebrae, stretched during flexion spine

Question 16

Anterior longitudinal ligament where, function

Answer 16

Stronger than posterior, C1-> sacrum, united periosteum of vertebral bodies, loosely attached over intervertebral discs, prevents hyperextension vertebral column

Question 17

Posterior longitudinal ligament where, function

Answer 17

Posterior vertebral bodies, C2-> sacral canal, tectorial membrane atlanto-axial joint (band over dens)

Prevents hyperflexion vertebral column

Paracentral disc herniation tends occur laterally to it

Question 18

Axillary LN 6 groups

Answer 18

Anterior (pectoral)- lower border pec minor, receive lymph vessels lateral quadrants breast and anterolateral abdo wall
APICAL

Posterior (subscapular) - in front subscapularis, from back

Lateral- medial axiallary vein, from upper limb

Central- centre axilla, from above three

Infraclavicular (deltopectoral) - outside axilla, groove between deltoid and pec major, from lateral hand, forearm, arm

Apical- apex axilla, lateral first rib, efferent lymph vessels other axillary nodes -> subclavian lymphatic trunk -> right forms right duct-> right venous angle, left -> thoracic duct-> left venous angle

Question 19

Axillary artery

Answer 19

Aubclavian artery-> axilla-> axillary artery (1st proximal pec minor, 2nd posterior pec minor, 3rd distal pec minor)

Branches: superior thoracic artery,

thoracoacromial artery,
lateral thoracic artery,

subscapular A, anterior circumflex humeral A, posterior circumflex humeral A

Lower border teres major -> brachial artery

Question 20

Axillary vein

Answer 20

Lower border teres major union brachial veins and basilic vein
Ascends through axilla anteromedial to artery, continuous subclavian vein lateral border first rib

First part: receives cephalic vein
Second and third: thoracoacromial vein, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior/ posterior circumflex

Question 21

Median cubital vein

Answer 21

Elbow where cephalic and basilic veins connect

Pg48 wb2

Question 22

Brachial artery

Answer 22

Continuation axillary arteryvpast imferior teres major, ->

profunda brachii -> posterior arm -> anastomotic network elbow

Or continues-> cubital fossa -> birfurcates radial and ulnar arteries

Pulse palpated cubital fossa, medial biceps Trenton

Question 23

Blood supply to scaphoid

Answer 23

Dorsal carpal branch radial artery, retrograde flow