Ligaments of Joints Flashcards
The Hip Joint Ligaments
LIGAMENT
Iliofemoral Ligament-
O:Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) of the innominate (hip) bone
I: Intertrochanteric line of the femur
A: This ligament limits hip extension, adduction and lateral rotation.
Pubofemoral Ligament-
O: Iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus of the innominate bone
I: Lower part of the intertrochanteric line of the femur A: This ligament limits hip extension, abduction and lateral rotation.
Ischiofemoral Ligament -
O: Body of the ischium behind and below the acetabulum of the innominate bone
I: Superior part of the neck and root of the greater trochanter of the femur
A: This ligament limits hip extension, abduction and medial rotation.
Transverse Ligament of the Acetabulum-
O: It goes across the deficient inferior acetabular rim of the innominate bone
Ligamentum Teres -
O: Margins of the Acetabular notch of the innominate bone
I: Fovea capitis on the head of the femur.
A:The ligament is taut in flexion and adduction
The Knee Joint Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) -
O: Anterolateral aspect of the tibia anterior to the tibial spines
I: Posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
A: Limit anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-
O: A depression in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibial plateaux
I: Lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur A: Limit posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) -
O: Medial Condyle of the femur
I: Medial condyle of the tibia
A: Limits valgus forces of the knee
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) -
O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: Lateral surface of the head of the Fibula
A: Limits varus forces of the knee
Coronary Ligaments -
O: Tibial articular margins
I: Mensicus
A: Attachment of the meniscus to the tibia
The Ankle (talocural) Joint Ligaments
Deltoid Ligaments:
(Deep parts)
Anterior tibiotalar band
O: tip of medial malleolus
I: Medial part of neck of talus
A: Resists the forward displacement of the foot.
Posterior tibiotalar band
O: tip of medial malleolus
I: Medial neck of talus and medial tubercle.
A: Resists the backward displacement of the foot.
(Superficial parts) Tibionavicular band O: Tip of medial malleolus I: Navicular tuberosity A: Resists eversion forces
Tibiocalcaneal band
O: tip of medial malleolus
I: Sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus bone
A: Resists the backward displacement of the foot.
Lateral Ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament
O: tip of lateral malleolus
I: Neck of talus
A: Resists forward displacement of the foot
Posterior talofibular ligament
O: tip of lateral malleolus
I: Lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus.
A: Resists eversion and backwards displacement of the foot
Calcaneofibular ligament
O: tip of lateral malleolus
I: Peroneal tubercle on the lateral surface of the calcaneus.
A: Resists backwards displacement of the foot.
The Glenohumeral Joint ligaments
Superior Glenohumeral Ligament
O: Upper glenoid margin
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Under tension in lateral rotation
Middle Glenohumeral Ligament
O: Middle glenoid margin below the superior ligament I: Lesser tubercle
A: Under tension in lateral rotation and abduction
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
O: Lower glenoid margin
I: Anterior part of the anatomical neck of humerus
A: Under tension in lateral rotation and abduction
Transverse Humeral Ligament
O: Greater tubercle
I: Lesser tubercle
A: Holds long head of biceps Bracii in the intertubecular groove
Coracohumeral Ligament
O: Coracoid process
I: Anterior part of the ligament attached to the lesser tubercle. Posterior part attaches to the greater tubercle.
A: Blends with the capsule
Coracoacromial Ligament
O: Lateral border of the coracoid process
I: Anterior aspect of the acromion
A: Limits upward migration of the humerus
The Elbow Joint ligaments
The Ulnar Collateral Ligaments - fans out from the medial epicondyle and has thick anterior and posterior bands united by a thinner intermediate portion.
The Anterior band passes from the front of the medial epicondyle to the medial edge of the coronoid process.
The Posterior band runs from the back of the medial epicondyle to the medial edge of the olecranon.
The Intermediate band has an apex running from the under surface of the medial epicondyle to the transverse band stretched between the attachments of the anterior and posterior bands to the coronoid process and olecranon.
A: limits valgus forces of the elbow
The Radial Collateral Ligament - is a strong, triangular band attached above to a depression on the anterior inferior aspect of the lateral epicondyle, deep to the common extensor tendon. Below it blends with the annular ligament of the radius; the slightly thicker anterior and posterior margins passing forwards and backwards to attach to the margins of the radial notch on the ulna.
A: limits varus forces of the elbow
The Radiocarpal Joint Ligaments
Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
O: Posterior edge of the lower end of radius
I: Posterior surface of scaphoid, lunate and triquetral.
A: limits Flexion of the radiocarpal joint
Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament
I: Anterior edge of lower end of radius and styloid process
O: Anterior surface of scaphoid, lunate and triquetral A: limits Extension of the radiocarpal joint
Palmar Ulnocarpal Ligament
O: Anterior edge of articular disc and ulnar styloid process
I: Anterior surface of scaphoid, lunate and triquetral
A: limits Extension of the radiocarpal joint
Radial Collateral Carpal Ligament
O: Tip of the radial styloid process
I: Lateral side of the scaphoid
A: limits Adduction or ulnar deviation
Ulnar Collateral Carpal Ligament
O: The ulnar styloid process
I: Base of the pisiform and medial and posterior surfaces of the triquetral.
A: limits Abduction or radial deviation
The Facet Joint ligaments
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (3 dense layers of collagen) O: Anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies - Atlas I: Sacrum A: limits Extension
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
(2 dense layers of collagen)
O:Posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies - Axis (C2).
(above C2 it continues as Tectorial membrane).
I: Sacrum
A: limits Flexion
Ligamentum Flavum
O: Laminae above, from C1 to L5.
I: Laminae below, from C1 to L5.
A: limits Flexion
Supraspinous ligament
O: Spinous process above
I: Spinous process below
A: limits Flexion
Ligamentum nuchae
O: Spine of C7
I: External occipital protuberance
A: limits Flexion
Interspinous ligaments
O: Vertebral spine above
I: Vertebral spine below
A: limits Flexion
The Atlanto-occipital Joint Ligaments
Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane
O: anterior arch of atlas
I: anterior margin of foramen magnum.
Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane
O: from posterior arch of atlas
I: posterior margin of foramen magnum.
Ligamentum Nuchae
O: from spine of C 7
I: external occipital protuberance and crest
A: limits flexion
The Median Atlantoaxial Joint Ligaments
Transverse Ligament of the Atlas
O: Is a strong thick band arching behind the dens and attaching to a small tubercle on the medial side of each lateral mass of the atlas.
A: limits Posterior translation of the dens
Cruciform Ligament
O: the middle of the transverse ligament
I: anterior edge of the foramen magnum and back of the body of the axis.
A: limits Posterior translation of the dens
Tectorial Membrane
O: Body of the axis
I: anterior edge of the foramen magnum.
A: limits flexion
Alar Ligament apex of the dens
O: medial side of respective occipital condyles.
I: Posterior translation of the dens ,
A: limits Side flexion
Apical Ligament of the Dens
O: apex of the dens
I: anterior edge of the foramen magnum.
A: limits Posterior translation of the dens
Ligamentum Nuchae
O: from spine of C 7
I: external occipital protuberance and crest
A: limits flexion
Ligamentum Flavum
O: between laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C1 and C2
I: between laminae of adjacent vertebrae down to L4 and L5
A: limits flexion
Costotransverse joint ligaments
The Lateral Costotransverse Ligament
O: Tip of the transverse process
I: Roughened lateral part of the costal tubercle.
Costotransverse Ligament
O: Front of the transverse process, medial to the facet.
back of the neck of the rib
I: Back of the neck of the rib
A: Binding the rib to the transverse process
Superior Costotransverse Ligament
O: Under surface of the transverse process of the vertebra above.
I: Anterior band – from the rib upwards and laterally
I: Posterior band- from the rib upwards and medially
A: Binding the rib to the transverse process
Costovertebral Joint Ligaments
Intra-articular Ligament – this short, thick band passes from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc and divides the joint cavity into two parts.
Radiate Ligament of the Head of the Rib – this ligament passes from the front of the head, under cover of the lateral part of the anterior longitudinal ligament. It consists of 3 bands of fibres radiating upwards to the body of the vertebra above, horizontally to the front of the intervertebral disc and inferiorly to the body of the vertebra below.
Sacroiliac Joint Ligaments
Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
O: Ala and pelvic surface of the sacrum, above and below the pelvic brim
I: Adjoining margin of the auricular surface of the ilium.
Interosseous
Sacroiliac Ligament
O: Fills the narrow cleft between the rough areas on the bones immediately behind and above the auricular surface from the sacrum
I: Ilium
A: Provides stability
Long and Short Posterior Sacroiliac Ligaments
O: Long: from the PSIS
O: Short: upper part of the cleft between the two bones I: Long: the 3rd and 4th transverse tubercles of the sacrum
I: Short: between the 1st and 2nd transverse tubercles of the sacrum and the iliac tuberosity
A: Long: resist downward movement of the sacrum with respect the ilium.
A: Short: resist forward movement of the sacral promontory.
Sacrotuberous Ligament
O: Posterior border of the ilium between the PSIS and the PIIS, to the back and side of the sacrum below the auricular surface, and to the side of the upper part of the coccyx
I: Attaching to the medial surface of the ischial tuberosity, the fibres twist upon themselves and diverge again so that the attachment is prolonged along the lower margin of the ischial ramus.
A: Stabilise the sacrum on the innominate by preventing forward tilting of the sacral promontory.
Sacrospinous Ligament
O: Edge of the lower sacral and upper coccygeal segments in front of the sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Ischial spine
A: Stabilise the sacrum on the innominate by preventing forward tilting of the sacral promontory.
Iliolumbar Ligament
O: Tip of the transverse process of (L4) L5
I: Posterior part of the iliac crest
A: Assists in strengthening the bond between the ilium and the sacrum.
Lateral Lumbosacral ligament
O: Lower border of the transverse process of L5
I: Ala of the sacrum
A: Prevent the forward slipping of the 5th lumbar vertebra on the 1st sacral segment.
