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light & optics > Light > Flashcards

Light Flashcards

1
Q

____ - A self-propagating TRANSVERSE wave that consists of mutually supporting electric and magnetic fields (also known as electromagnetic radiation)

A

Light

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2
Q

Since light is self-propagating, it can travel in a _____

A

Vacuum

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3
Q

____ ____ travel at approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s in a VACUUM

A

Light waves

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4
Q

Instead of v we use _ in the speed of light. So c = f(wavelength)

A

c

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5
Q

The wavelength of a light wave is usually measured in _____

A

Nanometers (nm)

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6
Q

_ nanometer = 1x10^-9 meters

A

1 nanometer (Ex: 500 meters x 1x10^-9)

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7
Q

When light waves travel from one medium to another the speed ____ but the frequency ___

A

Changes
Stays the same

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8
Q

Since c = f(wavelength) and this means that wavelength also ____

A

Changes

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9
Q

Light moves on its own so as density increases, the speed of light ____

A

Decreases

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10
Q

Light waves travel faster through __ than ___ and ___

A

Air
Than liquids and solids

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11
Q

In the EM spectrum all light waves travel at the ___ speed but the light wavelength, frequency, and energy vary

A

Same

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12
Q

Purple light has the ____ frequency and ___ wavelength

A

Highest frequency
Shortest wavelength

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13
Q

Red has the ___ frequency and the ___ wavelength

A

Lowest frequency
Longest wavelength

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14
Q

The wavelengths of ____ ___ range is 400-700 nm

A

Visible light range

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15
Q

Gamma rays have the ____ wavelength

A

Shortest wavelength

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16
Q

Radio waves have the _____ wavelength

A

Longest wavelength

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17
Q

____ - The slight bending of light as it passes an edge of an obstacle or an aperture (slit or small opening. Size depends on how much the light bends)

A

Diffraction

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18
Q

The smaller the size of the slit, the ____ light bends

A

Less

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19
Q

The larger the size of the slit is the __ the light bends

A

More

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20
Q

The ____ slit provides two coherent monochromatic sources that produce an interference pattern of light and dark bands or spots

A

Double slit

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21
Q

The more slits, the ____ spots in between the light

A

More

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22
Q

Light is ____ if it hits a surface and bounces off rather than being transmitted through

A

Reflected

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23
Q

____ (____) reflection- reflection off a smooth surface. (Sun reflecting off water as itself)

A

Plane (Spectacular) Reflection

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24
Q

____ reflection - Reflection of light into many directions by rough surfaces. (Sun reflecting off water with many ripples. Goes in many different directions)

A

Diffuse reflection

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25
Q

___ __ ____ - States the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

A

Law of reflection

26
Q

in ALL optics problems the angles are measured from the ___, - A perpendicular line from the surface at the point of incidence (contact)

A

Normal

27
Q

___ - The bending of light as it travels from one medium to the next

A

Refraction

28
Q

The way in which light ___ when it enters a new medium is not only material dependent, but also frequency dependent

A

Refracts

29
Q

____ frequencies refract more, this means violet light bends more than red light

A

Higher frequency

30
Q

____ - The spreading out of light according to color (Ex: The prism)

A

Dispersion

31
Q

___ light is refracted predominantly at 42.5 degrees. (The light reaching your eye comes from higher drops in the sky)

A

Red

32
Q

____ light is refracted predominantly at 40.8 degrees. (The light reaching your eye comes from lower drops in the sky)

A

Violet

33
Q

___ light is the combination of all colors of the visible light spectrum

A

White light

34
Q

The three primary colors of light are

A

Red, Green, and blue

35
Q

____ - A material which selectively absorbs certain wavelengths of light and then reflects other wavelengths. (Primary colors are yellow, cyan, and magenta. They make black)

A

Pigment

36
Q

Light is ____ and pigments are ___ in terms of color

A

Additive
Subtractive

37
Q

Red filter causes it to ___ all colors but red

A

Absorb

38
Q

____ light vibrates in every direction

A

Natural light

39
Q

____ light vibrates in one specific plane

A

Polarized light

40
Q

We can ___ light by using a filter with small slits that filter light polarized in other dimensions

A

Polarize

41
Q

Polarization reduces ____

A

Glare

42
Q

_____ - The ability to see through something clearly

A

Transparent

43
Q

____ - The ability to partially see through a material

A

Translucent

44
Q

____ - Not being able to see through a material

A

Opaque

45
Q

light changes ___ it changes media. This change in ___ causes light to change its direction

A

Speed

46
Q

___ ____ ____ (n)- The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum compared to the speed of light in the medium

A

Index of refraction (n)

47
Q

_ = speed of light in vacuum 3x10^8m/s

A

c

48
Q

_ = speed of light in new medium (m/s)

A

v

49
Q

Since the speed of light slows down in media besides vacuum, “n” will always be ___ than or equal to 1

A

Greater than

50
Q

We will approximate the “n” of air to be _

A

1

51
Q

___ ___ - An equation that relates the angle of the incidence of light and the angle of refraction of light at the interface of two different mediums

A

Snell’s law

52
Q

When light travels into a medium with a __ index of refraction, it bends TOWARDS the normal

A

higher

53
Q

When light travels into a ____ index of refraction, it bends AWAY from the normal

A

Lower

54
Q

If nr > ni the refracted ray is bending ___ the normal

A

Toward

55
Q

If ni > nr the refracted ray is bending ___ from the normal

A

AWAY

56
Q

If you cross a vertical (up and down) polarizing lens with a horizontal (left and right) polarizing lens what happens to the light through both lenses?

A

No light penetrates through both lenses

57
Q

What 3 color cones do we have in our eyes

A

Red green blue

58
Q

What wave properties are involved in the double slit experiment?

A

Diffraction and interference

59
Q

Two complementary colors of light (Red and cyan) are mixed together to give which color light?

A

White

60
Q

EXAMPLE OF HAVING ONLY 1 DEGREE

A

nair sin 35 = nwater sin 02
1.00029 sin 35 = 1.33 sin 02
Solve the first sin
Divide both sides by 1.33
0.4314 = sin 02
sin ^-1 (press shift button to get negative sin) (0.4314) = 02
02 = 25.6 degrees

light & optics (2 decks)

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