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Y8 scienceeee > Light And Sound > Flashcards

Light And Sound Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

A wave transfers _____________. It does not transfer ______________.

A

Energy, matter

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2
Q

In a _______________ wave the vibration of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

A

Transverse

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3
Q

In a _______________ wave the vibration of the particles is parallel to the direction of energy transfer

A

Longitudinal

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4
Q

Transverse wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

Vibration/ oscillation, perpendicular

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5
Q

Longitudinal wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

Vibration/ oscillation, parallel

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6
Q

What is wavelength

A

The length of the wave measured from one point on one wave to the same point on the next wave

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7
Q

What is Amplitude

A

The length from the crest or the trough to the resting position/ equilibrium

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8
Q

Which letter represents the amplitude of a wave?

A

A

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9
Q

In a longitudinal wave areas where the particles are pushed together are called _________________ and areas where the particles are spread out are called _________________

A

Compressions, rarefactions

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10
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave

A

Sound

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11
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave

A

Light also radio microwaves

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12
Q

An object which gives off light is known as….

A

Luminous

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13
Q

How can we see non-luminous objects?

A

because light is reflected off the object

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14
Q

When light hits and object and “stops” it is known as…

A

Absorption it is opaque

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15
Q

When light hits and object and bounces off it is known as…

A

Reflection it is reflective

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16
Q

A material that lets light through without scattering is known as…

A

Transparent

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17
Q

What is an opaque material?

A

A material that does not let light pass through

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18
Q

An object that scatters light as it passes through is known as…

A

Translucent

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19
Q

the normal line is…..

A

Perpendicular to the surface

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20
Q

How does the angle of incidence compare to the angle of reflection?

A

they are equal/the same

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21
Q

If we are drawing a reflected ray, what steps do we follow

A
  1. Extend the incident line to the surface.
  2. Draw on the normal line.
  3. Measure angle of incidence
  4. Construct your angle of reflection.
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22
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed.

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23
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When a wave moves into a different substance

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24
Q

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle what will happen to the light?

A

All the light will be reflected/total internal reflection.

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25
If all the light is reflected with a material (e.g. a piece of glass) what is this known as?
Total internal reflection
26
Give two examples of where total internal reflection is found in real-life applications
Periscopes (submarines) Internal cameras (medicine) Fibre optic communications e.g. fast broadband and inspecting aircraft engines
27
What is the name of the coloured circle around the pupil. It controls the size of the pupil
Iris
28
What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?
To focus light onto the retina
29
What do you call the black part of the eye? It is the opening that lets light in
Pupil
30
What is the retina?
Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye made up of rods and cones
31
What is the purpose of the optic nerve?
Carries messages from the retina to the brain.
32
Why do we end up with an inverted image formed on our retina when we look at an object?
Because light is refracted by the cornea and lens in our eye.
33
What three colours of light can our eyes detect?
Red green blue
34
What are the colours of the spectrum that make up white light?
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
35
The colour of a light depends on what feature of a wave?
Frequency
36
When light enters a prism it splits into the colours of the spectrum what do we call this effect?
Dispersion
37
Why does a blue object appear blue when a white light is shone upon it?
It reflects blue light. It absorbs all other colours of light.
38
Why do black objects appear black?
They absorb all colours that are shown on them. No light is reflected.
39
When red and green light is combined what colour is formed?
Yellow
40
When red and blue light is combined
Magenta
41
When blue and green light is combined what colour is formed?
Cyan
42
If a sound is becoming lower pitched what is decreasing?
The frequency
43
If a sound is becoming lower in volume
The amplitude
44
What formula can we use to calculate the speed of sound?
speed = distance/time
45
Do sound waves travel fastest in solid liquid or gas?
Solid because of the particles being close together so vibrations can happen more quickly
46
Do light waves travel fastest through a solid liquid or gas?
Gas (light travels fastest through a vacuum)
47
When calculating the speed of sound using an echo what must you remember?
The echo travels to an object and back again (you may need to double the distance or halve the time provided - take care!)
48
What is the trough
The bottom point of the wave
49
What is the crest
The top part of the wave
50
What does amplitude represent
The greater the amplitude the louder the sound and vice versa
51
What does the wavelength represent
The shorter the wavelength the higher the pitch The longer the wavelength the lower the pitch
52
What does frequency mean
How many times the wave passes in a second
53
What does frequency represent
Higher frequency means higher pitch e.g. whistle Lower frequency means lower pitch e.g. tuba or bass guitar
54
What does the iris do
Controls size of pupil
55
What does pupil do
Let’s light in
56
What is cornea and what does it do
Transparent protective layer refracts light
57
What does lens do
Lens focuses light
58
What is retina and what does it do
Light sensitive layer at the back of the eye made up of rods and cones
59
What does optic nerve do
Carries nerve impulses to the brain
60
How light from an object ends up being an image in the brain
Light rays are reflected off the object and enters the pupil The ray is refracted by the lens and the cornea The ray meets on the retina and forms and inverted image The optic nerve sends electric impulse from the retina to the brain
61
Which colour has the lowest frequency
Red
62
Which colour has the highest frequency
Violet
63
If an object reflects all colours it will appear
White
64
If an object absorbs all colours it will appear
Black
65
66
The colour of an object depends on the light it _________. Other colours will be _________.
Reflects, absorbed
67
Speed of sound
340m/s
68
Speed of light
300,000,000 m/s
69
What is the critical angle
42 degrees approx
70
When the angle of incidence is higher than the critical angle the all light will be _______.
Reflected
71
Total internal reflection happens when
Light passes from one substance to another of a lower optical density e.g. glass to air

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