Light, Eye, Brain - Terminology Flashcards
Accommodation
The lens can be stretched to allow focusing of far objects
Acuity
Acuity is precision.
Astigmatism
- Eyes are rugby ball shaped instead of soccer-ball-shaped
- Different focal lengths for different orientations
E.g. ok for verticle lines but myopic for horizontal lines.
Blind spot
Where the optic nerve/ disc leaves the eye. There are no photoreceptors here. Hence, blind spot.
Contrast
Relative luminance is constant, regardless of absolute luminance.
E.g. White paper vs. Black paper
A numerical value between 1 and 0. Zero is all grey. One shows a significant difference.
Contrast = (Lmax - Lmin) / (Lmin + Lmax)
Cornea
The transparent “window” into the eyeball. A lot of focusing is done by the cornea. Estimates say up to about 2/3rds.
Contrast
A measure of the difference between the highest and lowest luminance emitted or reflected from a surface
E.g. White paper vs. Black paper
A numerical value between 1 and 0. Zero is all grey. One shows a significant difference.
Contrast = (Lmin - Lmax) / (Lmin + Lmax)
Lens
Clear structure. Enables changing focus using ciliary muscles (stretches and squishes to focus light).
Photons
Particles of light.
Emmetropia
Appropriate focus. The normal refractive condition of the eye.
Extrastriate Cortex
Extrastriate cortical visual areas. V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5/MT - These areas have been associated with processing certain stimuli/ are specialised however they all do a variety of processes. The deeper the area, the more advanced the specialisation (generally).
Focus
Focussing is recombining rays from various directions to form a single point on the imaging surface.
Fovea
Fovea or Macula
A central part of the retina with the best resolution.
The part where photoreceptors are most denesly packed.
No blood vessels - they would obscure vision.
Ganglion Cells
Recieve electrical impulse from rods and cones.
Have long axons that exit the eyeball via a bundle called the optic nerve.
All of the ganglion cell body is in the eyeball itself.
Hyperopia/ Hypermetropia
- Far or long sightedness
- Focal length is too long
- Need convex corrective lenses