LIGHTING SYSTEM CONTROLS

Question 1

a variety of switches and controls are used to manage operation of lighting installations.

Answer 1

lighting system controls

Question 2

A __________ is an electrical device that opens an electrical circuit, thereby shutting the lights off or closing the circuit to energize the lighting installation.

Answer 2

switch

Question 3

switches are a simple on/off switch that controls a
lighting installation from one location.

Answer 3

Single-pole, single throw (SPST)

Question 4

are required to control a lighting installation from two locations

Answer 4

Two three-way switches

Question 5

____________ and one or more four-way switch are required to control a lighting installation from three or more locations.

Answer 5

two three way switches

Question 6

deactivate the lighting circuit after a preset time period has lapsed.

Answer 6

automatic switches

Question 7

can be used to vary the luminous flux (lumen output) from lamps in a lighting installation.

Answer 7

dimmer switches

Question 8

limit access to switches for lights and equipment to authorized personnel. They are available with SPST, and capabilities. Often used in lighting installations to provide better control of lighting

Answer 8

keyed switches

Question 9

can activate a lighting circuit when a door is open or closed

Answer 9

door switches

Question 10

can be used to control the time period that a lighting installation operates.

Answer 10

time clocks

Question 11

ꟷ automatically control operation of a lighting installation with electronic
components that are wired into the circuitry.
ꟷ They allow great flexibility as they can easily be set for daily and weekly
cycles.
ꟷ It requires relay switching on larger lighting loads.

Answer 11

electronic timers

Question 12

sense light and can be used to control night lighting in lieu of a time clock or timer.

Answer 12

photocell controls

Question 13

control a lighting installation by sensing occupants in a space and usually mounted on the wall or ceiling. Works well in interior spaces such as classrooms and offices.

Answer 13

occupancy sensorS

Question 14

A __________________________ offers building operators full control of multiple
lighting installations from a single location

Answer 14

central lighting control system

Question 15

the efficient and effective use of direct, diffuse, or reflected sunlight to provide full or supplemental illumination for building interiors during hours of
sunlight.

Answer 15

daylighting

Question 16

excellent color rendition and brilliance.
• diminishes the need for artificial light in buildings and thus saves lighting costs up to ___% (in some buildings).

Answer 16

sunlight, 80

Question 17

strikes a surface and reflects off the
surface in another direction.
ꟷ the receiving surface absorbs some
sunlight before reflecting the light.

Answer 17

reflected light

Question 18

travels in a straightline
path from the
sun
ꟷ more intense than
diffuse and reflected
sunlight.

Answer 18

direct light

Question 19

ꟷis light that has been reflected or
refracted by clouds, glazing, or other
objects.
ꟷLess intense than direct and reflected
light and typically results in less glare.

Answer 19

diffuse light

Question 20

a measure of how easily heat travels through an assembly of materials

Answer 20

Overall Coefficient Of Heat Transfer (U)

Question 21

Thermal insulating ability is also measured by the thermal __________ (R): a higher R factor indicates a ______ insulating performance.

Answer 21

resistance, better

Question 22

The R factor is the inverse of the ___ factor

Answer 22

U

Question 23

• the fraction of solar heat that is transmitted through the glazing and ultimately becomes heat.

Answer 23

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

Question 24

In general, _____________ windows in buildings designed for passive solar heating should have windows with a high SHGC to allow in beneficial solar heat gain in the winter.

• _______________-facing windows that receive undesirable direct sunlight in mornings and afternoons should have lower SHGC assemblies.

Answer 24

south facing, east-west

Question 25

is the percentage of visible light (light in the 380 to 720 nm range) that is transmitted through the glazing.

Answer 25

Visible transmittance

Question 26

Light-to-solar Gain Ratio (LSG)

Answer 26

is the ratio between SHGC and VT of a single glazing. • It provides a gauge of the relative efficiency of different glazing types in TRANSMITTING DAYLIGHT WHILE BLOCKING HEAT GAINS • The higher the LSG ratio the brighter the room is without adding unnecessary amounts of solar heat.

Question 27

in glazing materials, ______ is used for the outer sheet, where it can provide considerable protection to the plastic, while the inner plastic sheet protects against glass breakage. ▪ Ordinary window glass strongly absorbs the damaging UV portion of sunlight, so a plastic material will survive longer if it is installed inside glass.

Answer 27

glass

Question 28

must be designed to provide illumination in areas where it is most needed and to do so without adversely affecting occupant comfort.

Answer 28

daylighting systems

Question 29

The main functions of _______ are to bring in daylight and fresh air (if windows are operable) and introduce a view of the outdoors.

Answer 29

windows

Question 30

is a design term that describes WINDOW size, arrangement, and glazing type (the glass and coatings used in the window). ꟷ it affects daylighting, passive solar heating, space cooling, and natural ventilation.

Answer 30

fenestration

Question 31

is a fenestration arrangement in an upper story wall that extends above one roof surface; it introduces daylight into the ceiling area of the space.

Answer 31

clerestory window system

Question 32

________ is an interior courtyard covered with glazing. Rooms and spaces 8 adjoining the ______ receive daylight entering through the glazed roof.

Answer 32

atrium x2

Question 33

are effective daylighting strategies because they introduce daylighting deep into a structure.

Answer 33

atrium and clerestories

Question 34

In cold climates in the northern hemisphere, the low position of the sun produces a shallow angle and a ________ that contributes to space heating.

Answer 34

heat gain

Question 35

a slanted south-facing window surface should be avoided because it gains heat all year long and is particularly poor at limiting solar heat gains in the summer.

Answer 35

fun fact fun?

Question 36

is a transparent panel located in a ROOF OPENING that allows direct and diffuse sunlight into the building. - are commonly made from glass, glass composites, plastics, and plastic composites.

Answer 36

skylightS

Question 37

is a type of skylight system that is a raised, typically triangular shaped, extension of a roof and that has at least one glazed surface. - provide large quantities of reflected and diffuse light into the interior of the building.

Answer 37

roof monitor

Question 38

_____________ can be a favorable application of skylights

Answer 38

warehousing

Question 39

is a PASSIVE (non-mechanical) architectural element or mechanism that allows sunlight to enter DEEP into a building. ꟷ may be located on the interior or exterior of the building envelope. ꟷ Exterior light shelves may also function as ____________ that shade the window from the high summer sun. ꟷ Properly designed light shelves allow daylight to penetrate the interior of the space up to 21⁄2 times the distance between the floor and the top of the window.

Answer 39

reflective light shelveS, overhangs

Question 40

Most commercially available _________ consist of an _______, roof-mounted transparent dome, a reflecting _________, and a diffuser for installation at the ceiling level of the space. ꟷ It can pass through attic spaces much more easily. ꟷ Flexible pipes are easier to install, but they suffer more light loss from increased light absorption from reflection and scatter on the inside surface of the pipe wall.

Answer 40

light pipeS, exterior, metal pipe

Question 41

ꟷis a type of light pipe that has a movable mirror or light-refracting system and that can be used to align the incoming sunlight with the axis of the light pipe, thereby minimizing reflection losses. ꟷThe light reflecting apparatus gets in the way of the whole sky when the sun is obscured. Another disadvantage is the need for occasional maintenance.

Answer 41

sun tracking light pipe

Question 42

Translucent __________________ can be used to introduce daylight through the ROOF ITSELF. ꟷ The main use for fabric structures has been for sports stadiums, shopping malls, harbors, and airports (Denver International Airport). ꟷ Fabric structures may be divided into two categories: tension and air supported.

Answer 42

fabric roof membranes

Question 43

A fabric roof membrane that use a membrane, supported by air pressure, to act as the roof and walls of the structure

Answer 43

air-supported structures

Question 44

ꟷPolyvinyl chloride-polyester and Teflon-coated

Answer 44

basta memoraysa ra

Question 45

Illuminance of outdoor sunlight: __________ fc

Answer 45

6000