lights and electricity

Question 1

the physical effects of electrons moving from a negative to a positive charge

Answer 1

Electromagnetism

Question 2

types of electricity

Answer 2

static, kinetic (current), field

Question 3

created when two items are rubbed together, one item loses electrons and another gains those electrons creating charge

Answer 3

Static Electricity (ex Lightning)

Question 4

when electrons move from negative to positive

Answer 4

Current

Question 5

Potential energy VS Kinetic energy

Answer 5

the potential for something to act or move turns into the energy given off by movement

Question 6

what must there be fore a current to happen

Answer 6

a uninterrupted circuit

Question 7

materials that have plentiful “free” electrons

Answer 7

Conductor

Question 8

Name conductors

Answer 8

silver, gold, copper, aluminum, seawater, graphite, lemon juice

Question 9

materials that have few or no “free” electrons

Answer 9

insulator

Question 10

name insulators

Answer 10

rubber, glass, oil, air, diamond, dry wood, dry cotton, plastic

Question 11

west virginia law

Answer 11

wattage/voltage=amperage

Question 12

what 3 things compose a circuit

Answer 12

power source, a path, a load

Question 13

type of circuit required to make electricity flow

Answer 13

closed

Question 14

simple circuit

Answer 14

one “on and off” light, ex flashlight

Question 15

series circuit

Answer 15

one switch that controls 3 lights connected together

Question 16

parallel circuit

Answer 16

one switch for each light, connected to one power cord

Question 17

The flow of electricity changes direction periodically

Answer 17

alternating current; allows electricity to be sent much further

Question 18

flow of electricity maintains its direction

Answer 18

direct current; how batteries and many portable electronics work

Question 19

Edison VS Telsa

Answer 19

Edison wanted direct current but tesla had patent for alternating current

Question 20

high pressure with more coming through

Answer 20

voltage

Question 21

smaller area for current to get through

Answer 21

resistance

Question 22

how fast electricity is moving

Answer 22

amperage; can get more by inccreasing voltage or lowering resistance

Question 23

device used to control the average voltage of electricity sent to a fixture

Answer 23

dimmer

Question 24

type of power dimmers use

Answer 24

three phase power

Question 25

where dimmers are located numerously

Answer 25

"rack"

Question 26

how three phase power works

Answer 26

three conductors control three separate lines of power, each in different phases 3 AC currents on 3 separate wires smoother than only 2 lines of power

Question 27

dimming by increasing or decreasing resistance via length

Answer 27

Rheostat dimmer

Question 28

used distance in a salt water tub to control voltage

Answer 28

Saltwater dimmer, very dangerous

Question 29

What kind of dimmer substitute is used and why?

Answer 29

Constant Power Module (CPM) b/c not all lights can take AC power, they require a steady supply (DC)

Question 30

What kind of fixtures require steady power?

Answer 30

foggers and hazers, LEDs, moving fixtures, pyro

Question 31

What is DMX512 used for

Answer 31

(Digital Multiplex with 512 pieces of info) used to send signal from console to dimmer rack which sends to a power fixture each separate piece has a specific value that tells the light what to do

Question 32

What 3 things are produced by a lighting designer?

Answer 32

Light plot lighting section channel hookup and other paperwork

Question 33

3 things you can change about a light

Answer 33

Intensity, Color, Direction

Question 34

tungsten filament inside a halogen gas lamp

Answer 34

Tungsten Halogen Lamp; standard incandescent lamp

Question 35

plasma arc in place of filament

Answer 35

Metal Halide lamp; created by passing current through ionized halide gas

Question 36

created by ETC, uses multiple filaments at 575 watts, rotating shutter barrel, most control

Answer 36

Source Four

Question 37

lens that sends light away from center

Answer 37

concave lens

Question 38

light that sends light from one focal point

Answer 38

plano-convex lens

Question 39

lends that sends all light to one focal point and flips the direction

Answer 39

convex

Question 40

a measurement of illuminance of a single candela source

Answer 40

foot candle

Question 41

another measurement for light

Answer 41

lumen

Question 42

light sits in exact middle of reflector and sends light out through focal point

Answer 42

Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight; why shutters operate backwards

Question 43

focusing lamp inside center of the fixture

Answer 43

Bench Focus

Question 44

Why is it called an Ellipse? (In ERS)

Answer 44

b/c lamp sits at one focal point and shutters/gobo sit at a second

Question 45

Describe three main distinguishers of a PAR

Answer 45

this light was originally used as headlights in the jeeps of WW2 -the reflector is a parabola because there is only one focal point -in order to change the size of the beam, in this fixture you replace the lamp from MFL, XWFL, VNS

Question 46

originally invented for lighthouses, uses a stepped lens

Answer 46

Fresnel

Question 47

big light with no way to control it, mostly the lamp

Answer 47

Scoop light

Question 48

often used for cyc lighting, footlights or color wash

Answer 48

Strip Light; gels can be added to each lamp or colored glass can be used

Question 49

How many circuits does a strip light have?

Answer 49

3 - 4

Question 50

this light uses an iris, colored frames, intensity lever, and a high intensity discharge lamp

Answer 50

Spotlight

Question 51

What does LED stand for

Answer 51

Light emitting diode fixtures

Question 52

Which light is becoming standard fixture

Answer 52

LED, used to be Source Four

Question 53

Parts of a Source Four

Answer 53

``` Lens Gel Frame Barrel Barrel Adjustment Knob Shutter Assembly Shutter Barrel Rotation Knob Tilt Adjustment Knob Yoke End Cap ```