lil' bit of anatomy

Question 1

What are the three borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

superior- inguinal ligament
medial- adductor longus
lateral- sartorius

Question 2

What nerve(s) supplies the gluteal supplies the gluteal muscles?

Answer 2

superior gluteal- medius and minor

inferior gluteal- major

Question 3

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

Answer 3

tibial nerve

common fibular nerve

Question 4

What nerve supplies the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 4

sacral plexus

Question 5

What gait is shown with gluteal muscle impairment?

Answer 5

Trendelenburg gait

Question 6

What ligament covers the lesser sciatic foramen? What ligament is posterior to this?

Answer 6

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

Question 7

What nerve supplies the perineum?

Answer 7

Pudenal nerve

Question 8

Other than the sciatic nerve what other nerve is found in the thigh?

Answer 8

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 9

The muscles of the leg are divided into ___________ separated by _____________ ________.

Answer 9

compartments

intermuscular septum

Question 10

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 10

Where there is increased pressure on a muscle compartment due to tissue swelling or fluid. is relieved by fasciotomy in emergency

Question 11

The thigh has a anterior, posterior and ________ compartment while the leg has an anterior, posterior and _________ compartment.

Answer 11

medial

lateral

Question 12

What is the iliopsoas muscle a combination of?

Answer 12

iliacus and psoas major

Question 13

Which three muscles are flexors of the thigh? Apart from the psoas major muscle which nerve innervates these?

Answer 13

iliopsoas
sartorius
pectineus
femoral nerve

Question 14

identify the 7 muscles within the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 14

iliopsoas
pectineus
quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
sartorius

Question 15

what are the 5 muscles of the medial thigh? Which nerve supplies most of these? what is their function?

Answer 15

gracilis
obturator externus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturator nerve
adductors of the thigh

Question 16

Which three muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh? What are they called in laymans terms?

Answer 16

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
hamstring muscles

Question 17

Which muscles make up the anterior and lateral regions of the leg?

Answer 17

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

Question 18

superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 18

gastrocenimus
plantaris
soleus

Question 19

deep muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 19

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

Question 20

Which arteries supply the hip joint?

Answer 20

artery to head of femur

lateral and medial circumflex

Question 21

Give another name for the Achilles tendon

Answer 21

Calcaneal

Question 22

Name the five regions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebra in each region

Answer 22

cervical- 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal 4 (but 5 nerves)

Question 23

Which of the following regions convex/concave anteriorly? cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral

Answer 23

cervical- convex
thoracic- concave
lumbar- convex
sacral- concave

Question 24

Distinguish between kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis

Answer 24

kyphosis- posterior spinal curvature
lordosis- anterior spinal curvature
scoliosis- lateral spinal curvature

Question 25

Name the two parts of the vertebral arch

Answer 25

lamina | pedicle

Question 26

Name 4 processes evident on a vertebra

Answer 26

transverse superior articular inferior articular spinous

Question 27

Which part of the vertebra is weight bearing?

Answer 27

Vertebral body

Question 28

Name the two foramen evident in the vertebral column

Answer 28

intervertebral foramen | vertebral foramen

Question 29

Name the three atypical cervical vertebrae.

Answer 29

atlas- C1 axis- C2 vertebra prominens- C7

Question 30

Cervical vertebra possess a ______ spinous process and Foramen _____________ which contain the vertebral arteries and veins. The thoracic vertebrae differ by having a _________ vertebral foramen.

Answer 30

bifid transversarium circular

Question 31

Name the five superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 31

``` latissimus dorsi trapezius Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor levator scapulae ```

Question 32

What is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

Answer 32

stress fracture | displacement

Question 33

Name the three erector spinous muscles and the subdivisions of each type

Answer 33

Spinalis- cervicis, capitis, thoracis iliocostalis- lumborum, cervices, thoracis longissimus- cervicis, capitis, thoracis

Question 34

What type of joints are facet and IV joints?

Answer 34

cartilaginous joints

Question 35

name the outer and inner layer of the IV discs which allows for flexibility and compressionability

Answer 35

Anulus fibrosus | nucleus pulposus

Question 36

Give another name for a facet joint

Answer 36

Zygapophysial joint

Question 37

What type of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints? what about the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 37

synovial pivot | synovial ellipsoid

Question 38

The movement of which joints results in supination and pronation?

Answer 38

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 39

What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?

Answer 39

subluxation- articular surfaces displaced but still overlap | dislocation- articular surfaces displaced and no longer overlap

Question 40

Name three ligaments that stabilise the elbow joint

Answer 40

lateral collateral medial collateral Annular

Question 41

What three types of synovial joint are found in the hand?

Answer 41

saddle hinge condyloid

Question 42

Name the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles (including the four rotator cuff muscles)

Answer 42

``` deltoid teres major teres minor infraspinatus supraspinatus subscapularis ```

Question 43

Which of the rotator cuff muscles inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus

Answer 43

subscapularis

Question 44

State the muscles and innervation of the posterior and anterior compartments of the arm

Answer 44

posterior- radial nerve, triceps brachii anterior- musculocutaneous nerve, biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, brachialis (BBC)

Question 45

The ________ eminence is innervated by the median nerve whereas the __________ eminence is innervated by the ulnar nerve

Answer 45

thenar | hypothenar

Question 46

LOAF is used to abbreviate the muscles innervated by the median nerve. Name each of these

Answer 46

medial 2 lumbricals opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis

Question 47

Each trunk of the brachial plexus has a _________ and ___________ division and the divisions have no __________.

Answer 47

anterior posterior branches

Question 48

What does the anterior and posterior drawer test investigate?

Answer 48

anterior/posterior cruciate ligament rupture

Question 49

What occurs in a Maisonneuve fracture?

Answer 49

Fracture of the proximal fibula causes rupture of the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 50

What causes foot drop?

Answer 50

Dysfunction of anterior leg compartment muscles

Question 51

Identify the functions of the following: 1. Gluteus maximus 2. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis 3. Obturator internus, superior gemelis, inferior gemelis 4. Quadratus femoris

Answer 51

1. Extends thigh 2. Abduct and medially rotate thigh 3. laterally rotates extended thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum 4. Laterally rotates thigh, steady femoral head of acetabulum

Question 52

What are the four extensors of the knee in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 52

Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Rectus femoris