Lilly's Chapter 2 PP

Question 1

**S1 represents

Answer 1

AV Valve closure

Question 2

***Three factors affect Intensity: –

Answer 2

_ Distance separating leaflets when open
– Mobility of leaflets (Normal vs. Rigid with stenosis)
– Ventricular pressure

Question 3

**Causes of LOUD S1 (TMiS)

Answer 3

Short PR
Mild Mitral Stenosis
Tachycardia

Question 4

*****2 reasons why Short PR causes loud S1

Answer 4

Leaflets have no time to drift back

Ventricular contraction forces them to shut from far apart

Question 5

**2 reasons why Mild Mitral stenosis causes loud S1

Answer 5

Keeps leaflets open longer than normal

Vent. Contract. forces them shut from far apart

Question 6

*****2 reasons why Tachycardia causes loud S1

Answer 6

• Short diastole = Leaflets don’t have time to drift back
  together
  – Vent. Contract. forces them shut from far apart

Question 7

**3 Causes of Diminished S1 (LMrSS)

Answer 7

Long PR: 1st degree AV block
Mitral Regurgitation
Severe Mitral Stenosis
Stiff Left Ventricle (HTN)

Question 8

***How does LONG PR causes diminished S1

Answer 8

Valves have additional time to float back together= small distance to close

Question 9

**How does Mitral Regurgitation causes diminished S1

Answer 9

Leaflets don’t have full contact with one another

Question 10

**How does Severe Mitral Stenosis cause diminished S1–

Answer 10

Stiff leaflets can never move to full open position

Question 11

**How does Hypertension cause diminished S1–

Answer 11

– Results in higher end diastolic pressure causing leaflets to drift together more rapidly and close from small distance

Question 12

***Loud S2 indicates

Answer 12

HTN

Question 13

**Diminished S2 indicates (3)

Answer 13

Aortic Stenosis

Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 14

**S3

Normal in ____

Answer 14

heard in early diastole, from tensing of chordae
tendineae during rapid ventricular filling – Wall stretches out quickly snapping chordae
Children

Question 15

**S3 is ______In adults and indicate (2)

Answer 15

ABNORMAL

Heart failure
Volume overload

Question 16

*****S3 aka “________ _______” produces a rhythm compared to the cadence of the work (not important)

Answer 16

Ventricular gallop ; Kentucky

Question 17

**S4 heard in

Answer 17

Late diastole,

Question 18

**S4 is caused by

Answer 18

turbulent flow into stiffened ventricle

Question 19

S4 heard in conditions (2)

Answer 19

LVH

Ischemia

Question 20

**During S4, atria

Answer 20

contract forcefully to overcome DECREASED VENTRICULAR COMPLIANCE

Question 21

*****S4 aka ___________ produces a rhythm compares to the cadence of the work

Answer 21

ATRIAL GALLOP

TENNESSEE

Question 22

CVP waveform v wave

Answer 22

venous return to atria

Question 23

CVP waveform y descent

Answer 23

AV valves open

Question 24

CVP waveform x descent

Answer 24

Ventricular systole, pulls down tricuspid valve

Question 25

CVP waveform c wave

Answer 25

Ventricular systole, AV valves budge

Question 26

CVP waveform a wave

Answer 26

ATRIAL SYSTOLE