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Med Neuro Block 4 > Limbic Syndrome > Flashcards

Limbic Syndrome Flashcards

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1
Q

Etiology of Human Kluver Bucy

A
  • post traumatic encephalopathy
  • herpetic viral encephalitis
  • anoxia
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Picks disease
  • Alzheimers disease
  • bilateral temporal infarction
  • focus status epileptics
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2
Q

Limbic system

A

a group of interconnected cortical and subcortical structure dedicate to linking visceral states and emotion to cognition and behavior. Limbic structures are interposed between the hypothalamaus and neocortex

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3
Q

The limbic system is the site where

A

-the site where cortical information and hypothlamic impulses are integrated

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4
Q

Functions of limbic system

A

homestasis (autonomic regulation) , olfaction, memory, emotion

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5
Q

Papez’s circuit

A

cingulate leads to hippocampus leads to fornix leads to mammillary bodies leads to anterior thalamus

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6
Q

MacLean and the limbic system what did he add to papez circuit

A

-coined the term limbic system incorporating the ideas of Papez into a model of the limbic system that has remained largely unchanged

  • parts of the hypothalamus
  • septal areas
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • nucleus accumbens
  • Amgydala
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7
Q

Papez ciruit

A

cingulate to hippocampus to forniz to mammillary bodies to thalamus

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8
Q

outer core of the limbic system-cortical structures

A

cingulate gyrus, orbital frontal lobe, subcallosal area, parts of the temporal lobe (hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus)

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9
Q

function of the cingulate cortex

A
  • rostral-emotions and motor
  • caudal-visual spatial and memory
  • temporal (hippocampus, parahippocampus, entorhinal cortex)-memory
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10
Q

inner core-subbcortical components

A
  • hypothalamus
  • amgydala
  • septum
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11
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-pleasure center, autonomic, endocrine integration, neurons project to the pituitary, maternal behavior, blood pressure, feeding, temperature regulation and immune response

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12
Q

amygdala

A

-“preservation of self” behaviors, emotion, social behavior, aggression and defense response, sexual behavior, affective significance of visual stimuli, affect of faces, affective regulation

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13
Q

Septum

A

“preservation of species” behaviors, sexual behavior, emotionality

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14
Q

What does the Fornix connect

A

hippocampus to the mammillary body,

also anterior thalamus, septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens

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15
Q

mammilothalamic tract connects what

A

originates in the maillary bodies and connects to the anterior thalamus

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16
Q

perforant path

A
  • entorhinal cortex

- dentate (hippocampus0

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17
Q

Main afferent to the hippocampus

A

perforant path

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18
Q

main efferent of the hippocampus

A

fornix

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19
Q

anterior thalamic projections connect to

A

orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate gyrus

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20
Q

cingulum fibers run from amgydala to

A

parahippocampus to frontal lobe/cingulate

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21
Q

Uncinate fasciculus

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A

connects the anterior part of the temporal lobe with the orbital and polar frontal cortex

22
Q

What justifies the concept of the limbic system

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A
  • common physiologic and neurocheical properties
  • intricate anatomic and mostly reciprocal connections
  • common behavioral associations
  • high density of cholinergic innervation and opiate receptors
  • limbic system involved in memory (acetylcholine) and the perception of pain and pleasure (opiates)
  • septal nuclei and nucleus basalis of Meynert provide cholinergic input for the brain (memory)
  • mesocorticolimbic Dopamine system is critical for positive reinforcing brain mechanisms (drugs and pleasure)
23
Q

hippocampal-diencephalic and parahippocampal- retrocplenial network

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A

-memory and spatial orientation

24
Q

temporal amygdala orbitofrontal network

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A

integration of visceral sensation and emotion with semantic memory and behavior

25
medial default network
autobiographical memory | -introspection/self directed thinking
26
Human Kluver-Bucy syndrome symptoms
- increased oral activity - hypersexuality- indiscriminate sexual advances - hypermetamorphosis- attend and react to every visual stimulus within the visual field and compulsive handling of the object - Placidity-flattened affect, lack of aggressive behavior or fear - visual agnosis- loss of recognition of simple, familiar objects (eating utensils) or people - Bulemia
27
Interictal personality in temporal lobe epilepsy Geschwind syndrome
- increased concern with philosophical, cosmic or religious issues - altered sexual behavior (usually hyposexuality) - hypergraphia- extensive writing that is typically religious or philosophical in nature such as diaries, poems, essays sermons - viscosity- or a tendency towards interpersonal stickiness, difficulty in breaking off conversation - progressive overinvestment of perception and thought with affective significance resulting in a bizarrely emotionalized concept of the world
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Interictal personality is caused by
hyperconnection
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Kluver-bucy syndrome is caused by
disconnection
30
Amygdala
- plays a major role in the integration of emotions, fear, and memory - modulation and experience of emotional reactions * lesions: tameness or reduced emotionality * amygdala attributes affective significance to visual stimuli * amygdala supports classical fear conditioning and plays a role in PTSD, a disorder characterized by inability to extinguish fear - plays a major role in normal social interactions
31
amygdala and social interaction
- plays a critical role in normal social intereactions - single cell recording studies show that the amount of activity is related to the amount of emotional significance and degree of ambiguity of a social interaction - cells that respond selectively to faces in primates an humans - involved in fear conditioning
32
frontal lobe syndromes
- orbital frontal - frontal/convexity or dorsolateral - medial frontal
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orbital frontal
-disinhibited, tactless, bawdy, boastful, grandiose, restless, impulsive, inattentive, perserverative, tendency to dress carelessly and eat gluttonously
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frontal/convexity or dorsolateral
-apathic, slow, demonstrating little initiative or spontaneity, responding in an automation like amnner, vacancy of expression
35
medial frontal
akinetic mutism, inert, speechless, with intact sleep wake cycles, "motionless mindless wakefulness" loss of drive to move or speak
36
Hippocampus is required for
- declarative memory: acquisition of facts and events | - hippocampal lesions lead to amnestic states
37
a hippocampal lesion leads to
amnesia
38
other causes of memory disorders other than a hippocampal or bilateral fornix lesion
- dementia - head trauma - stroke - wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
39
wernicke korsakoff's syndrome
- due to chronic alcoholism and nutritional deficiency (thiamine) - acute state is wernicke's encephalopathy: confusion, disorientation, oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia - chronic anterograde and temporally-graded retrograde amnesia - lesions are in mamillary bodies and thalamus
40
Septal region
- stimulation leads to increase in sexual drive of rats as measured by crossings of an electrical grid to a sex incentive - humans-two cases of markedly increased sexual activity following septal damage sustained in the course of placement of VP shunts. shunt tips penetrated the dorsal septal region
41
brain centers for pleasure, pain and punsihment
- old and Milner implanted an electrode into the hypothalamic and septal regions of a rat and found that rats would forfeit food and water, forget about sex and even accept pain for an opportunity to self stimulate - catecholamines and dopaminergic systems are implicated in location of effective self-stimulation * lateral septal regions * lateral hypothalamus * medial forebrain bundle * nucleus accumbens
42
Addictive drugs
- mesolimbic dopamine system is important for motivational processes - some addictive drugs produce their potent effects on behavior by enhancing mesolimbic dopamine activity - heroin increases the neuronal firing rate of dopamine cells - cocaine inhibits the reuptake of dopamine
43
Posterior cingulate
-visulospatial and memory functions
44
anterior cingulate lesion leads to
contralateral neglect (hemi-neglect)
45
Cingulate gyrus is associated with 5 things what are they
- Tourette's syndrome - Obsessive Compulsive disorder - Chronic pain - Sociopathy - Akintic mutism
46
Tourette's Syndrome
- abnormalities in the Anterior Cingulate because of its role in affective vocalizations - complex coordinated movement patterns are evoked by electrical stimulation of the AC
47
OCD
-cingulotomy has been used to successfully treat severe OCD
48
Chronic pain
- cingulotomy patients are no longer being bothered by pan | - can withdraw from narcotics with little sign of withdrawal
49
sociopathy
sociopathic individuals who show blunted autonomic response to emotional stimuli akinetic mutism-syndrome most commonly associated with bilateral anterior cingulate cortex lesion
50
anterior cingulate
integration of thought, motivation and emotion with movement are critical aspects of the cingulate function 1. Excessive amplification of emotional signals * anxiety * OCD 2. Amplification of motor behavior * tics * impulsive behavior - Excessive filtering of emotions and motor behavior * apathy * akinesis * mutism

Med Neuro Block 4 (3 decks)

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