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Neuroscience > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

What an emotional Roller Coaster Ride

1
Q

Lymbic System Functions

A
  1. Emotional aspects of behavior related to survival of the species
  2. Visceral Responses to accompany these emotions
  3. Recent Memory brain mechanisms
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2
Q

Ventral Striatum

A

Where Caudate and Putamen come together

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3
Q

The Limbic pathway/loop is active

A

when making a decision when the outcome is uncertain–can lead to addictive behavior

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4
Q

Controlling Emotions is part of the

A

Prefrontal Cortex

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5
Q

Limbic Lobe

A

cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
hippocampus
dentate gyrus

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6
Q

Amygdala Nucleus

A

within temporal lobe

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7
Q

Limbic System Structural Components

A 
Limbic Lobe
Amygadala Nucleus
Olfactory Areas
Epithalamus
Septal Area 25
Mammillary Bodies
Anterior Thalamic Nucleus and Medial Dorsal Nucleus
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8
Q

Septal Area 25

A

Prefrontal Cortex
Frontal area bear Broca
Medial orbital and medial frontal cortex

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9
Q

Mamillary Bodies

A

Part of the Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Limbic System Pathways

A

2 major fiber bundles
Fornix
efferrents from temporal lobe hippocampus—diencephalon’s habenula–anterior thalamic mamillary nuclei
Medial Forebrain
connects septal area, amygdala, cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus to –midbrain reticular formation

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11
Q

Amygdala Functional Aspects

A
  1. Visceral responses elicited when stimulated
  2. Electrical stimulation causes feelings of fear and anxiety, confusion and loss of memory of events during stimulation
  3. Interpretation of facial expressions, body language, and social signals.
  4. Disgust
  5. Endocrine ANS responses to stimulation
    • ACTH=adrenocorticotropic—growth of adrenal cortex
    • LH=luteohoromone (progesterone)
    • LTH=luteotrophic, stimulates ovarian luteum
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12
Q

Hippocampal Functional Aspects

A

Bilateral lesions—recent memory loss
Role in expression of emotions
Role in sexual behavior
-no direct relationship to sense of smell
-Probably no relationship to old memory, personality or general intelligence

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13
Q

Limbic System Output Pathways

A 
Autonomic NS
---Increased heart rate
---Dilations of pupils
---Cessation of digestion
Horomonal NS
---Responses to amygdala stimulation
Somatic and Reticular NS
---Increased muscle tone/tension
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14
Q

Just when you thought the Basal Ganglia was only devoted to motor control

A

4 additional separate, parallel cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic systems/loops

  • —Oculomotor
  • ——body of caudate
  • –Executive
  • ——Head of caudate
  • –Behavioral flexability
  • ——head of caudate
  • –Limbic;emotion and motivation
  • ——ventral striatum and pallidum

KNOW THIS THIS LOOKS VERY TESTABLE

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15
Q

5 Basal Ganglia Loops/Pathways

A

Executive, social, behavioral, and emotional functions

  • -These loops contribute to :
  • —-Predicting future events
  • —-selecting desired behaviors
  • —-preventing undesired behaviors
  • —-shifting attention
  • —-spatial working memory
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16
Q

Limbic Loop Structure and Function

A

Includes ventral striatum (n. accumbens), ventral pallidum, and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
In linking with cognitive and motor systems, the function of the limbic loop is to:
—Identify the value of stimuli
—Be involved in reward-guided behavior
—monitor errors in predictions
—be concerned with seeking pleasure

17
Q

Function of the Five Basal Loops

A

Motor Movement selection and action

Occulomotor: Decisions about eye movements and spatial attention; initiation of fast eye movements

Executive: goal-directed behavior, makes perceptual decisions, plans, and decides upon actions in context

Behavioral flexibility and control: recognition of social disapproval self-regulatory control, selecting relevant knowledge from irrelevant, maintaining attention, stimulus-response learning

Limbic: links limbic, cognitive, and motor systems; identifies value of stimuli; involved in reward guided behaviors; monitors errors in predictions; concerned with seeking pleasure

18
Q

Emotional Structures

A 
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Septal area
Anterior thalamic nucleus
anterior limbic cortex
limbic association areas
19
Q

Memory Structures

A 
Hippocampus
Medial thalamic Nuclei
Posterior limbic cortex
Basal forebrain
Mammillary bodies
20
Q

Emotions Tied into our Behavior

A

An emotion is a short term and subjective
A mood is a sustained, ongoing emotion
Emotions color our perceptions and influence our actions
—–Happy, positive emotions/moods are tied to our left prefrontal cortex
—–Sad, anxious negative emotions/moods are tied to our right prefrontal cortex

21
Q

Emotions and Behavior

Five structures recognize emotional stimuli and generate and perceive emotions:

A

-Amygdala
-Septal Area 25 (cingulate cortex below start of corpus callosum)
-Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus
-Ventral Striatum
Anterior Insula (of Reil)

22
Q

Areas of the brain Involved with emotions…chart chapter 17 page 418-419

A

ff

23
Q

Emotion and Decision Making

A
  1. Emotion is intimately ties to decision making
  2. When making a decision where the outcome is uncertain, the limbic loop is active
  3. Emotional Signals–“gut feelings”–are based on prior experiences and memories
    - —-Ex. Author’s roommate’s date
  4. Theory that emotions are crucial for sound judgement
    - —called the “somatic marker hypothesis”
    - —-Involves the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior insula of Reil
24
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A Bilateral Temporal Lobe Lesion

A

A voracious appetite, increased sex drive, docility, and loss of recognition of people(visual agnosia) and memory defect; responses elicited depend upon the extent of the lesion

25
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A
  1. Attitude of indifference
    - –absence of emotional responses
    - –loss of facial expressions
  2. Reversal of behavioral patterns
    - –Inappropriate behavior
    - –Loss of social morals
  3. Increased tactile impulses
  4. Strong oral tendencies
    - -Hyperorality–indiscriminate mouthing and chewing motions
  5. Lack of sexual inhibitions
    - -Perverted auto-hetero-homosexual responses
  6. Unicate fits
    - –involves amygadala and uncus (medial parahippocampus)
    - –Hallucinations related to hearing a non-existent fearful sound, smelling a non-existent bad odor

Neuroscience (8 decks)

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