LIMBS

Question 1

indication of limb surgeries

Answer 1

1. fractures
2. subluxation and luxation
3. trauma
4. diseases - DJD, neoplasia, tendon rupture

Question 2

general examinations

Answer 2

1. distant observation
2. standing palpation
   3.superficial/deep palpation
3. standing palpation

Question 3

injection of substance (iodine soln) (usually iodine) into a joint then radiograph to be able to visualize what’s inside the joint

Answer 3

arthrography

Question 4

injection of iodine-based contrast material into the spinal canal (or subarachnoid space??)

Answer 4

myelography

Question 5

most common dx tool

Answer 5

radiograph

Question 6

fractures accdg to cause

Answer 6

direct violence
indirect violence - trauma to the muscle or adjacent bone
diseases of the bone - osteosarcoma
repeated stress - runner dogs

Question 7

fractures accdg to communication to the outside environment

Answer 7

open, closed fracture

Question 8

Accdg to the completeness of the break

Answer 8

1. complete
2. incomplete (greenstick, hairline)

Question 9

Accdg to direction

Answer 9

T,O,S

Question 10

Acctg to Number of fragments

Answer 10

1. comminuted - butterfly, segmental
2. others - avulsion, torus, compression, depression

Question 11

urgent surgical tx

Answer 11

articular fractures,
growth plate fractures and
compound fractures

Question 12

stages of fracture healing

Answer 12

inflamm,
reparative
remodelling

Question 13

2 types of callus in reparative stage

Answer 13

Medullary callus forming inside the medullary cavity
Periosteal callus forming outside

Question 14

Bone healing depends on and is influenced by

Answer 14

1. blood supply
2. reduction of fracture fragment alignment
3. degree of stabilization of fracture fragments

Question 15

AO Principles in Fracture Fixation

Answer 15

1. Fracture reduction and fixation to restore anatomical relationships
2. Stabilization by fixation or splintage
3. Preservation of blood supply to the soft tissues and bones by gentle handling of BVs
4. Early and safe immobilization of fractures to ensure proper healing of the animal

Question 16

5 forces acting in a fracture

Answer 16

BATTS

bending, axial compression, torsion, tension, shear

Question 17

Bone fragment slides in its axis

Answer 17

shear

Question 18

IM Pin prevents bending

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Able to resist bending, rotational and axial forces

Answer 19

im pin

Question 20

T/F retrogade requires fluoroscopy

Answer 20

normograde

Question 21

normograde uses jacob;’s chuck while retrogade uses fluroscopy

Answer 21

false

Question 22

Type of intermedullary pin used to stabilize distal fractures of the limb

Answer 22

rush pin

Question 23

equipment used in long bones that can Easily bend towards the length; can mimic bone bending

Answer 23

Clamp rod Internal Fixator

Question 24

equipment used in Fractures w/ severe or gross soft tissue trauma and or contamination

Answer 24

External skeletal fixator

Question 25

cause of implant failure

Answer 25

1. wrong size 2. wrong technique 3. hyperactive animal

Question 26

Fusion of the growth plate of the pubic symphyses

Answer 26

Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)

Question 27

explainn craniodorsal luxation

Answer 27

greater trochanter aligns with ilium and ischium (straight line instead of triangle)

Question 28

explain caudodorsal luxation

Answer 28

triangle gets bigger because the femur is displaced ventrally

Question 29

close reduction procedure

Answer 29

1. rotate laterally 2. pull femur until into acetabulum

Question 30

A.k.a Osteochodrosis dissecans of the femoral head

Answer 30

Legg Perthe's dx

Question 31

In cases of FHO, bony growths can be seen in dogs younger than ___. of age

Answer 31

9 mos

Question 32

post-op care for FHO

Answer 32

Rehabilitation / Physical therapy Swimming Exercise the limbs w/o much force or trauma to the joint To build muscle Ice and heat therapy

Question 33

keeps the patella in place (both lateral and medial side)

Answer 33

Femoropatellar ligament

Question 34

Wedge resection of the femoral trochlea

Answer 34

trocheoplasty

Question 35

Once the pubis stops growing, as the animal grows, a portion of the ____, ___ and ___ grows further to cover the femoral head

Answer 35

ischium, acetabulum and ilium

Question 36

abnormal devt of coxofe. joint

Answer 36

HD

Question 37

Dislocation of the hip joint

Answer 37

COXOFEMORAL or HIP LUXATION

Question 38

keeps the femoral head inside

Answer 38

acetabulum

Question 39

stabilized by ehmer sling

Answer 39

Craniodorsal CFL

Question 40

caudoventral is stabilized with?

Answer 40

figure of 8 hobbles tape

Question 41

Only 50% chance of success for open reduction

Answer 41

false, closed

Question 42

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Answer 42

legg-perthe's

Question 43

On a grade 1-2 , rotation of the limb is present

Answer 43

false 3-4

Question 44

Prevents forward displacement of the tibia

Answer 44

CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE

Question 45

Incision is done on the opposite of the luxation

Answer 45

imbirication of retinaculum

Question 46

Incision into the retinaculum or fascia* on the direction of the luxation

Answer 46

retinacular release

Question 47

Use of an absorbable suture to attach a portion of patella & goes under the fabella

Answer 47

Reinforcement of the femoropatellar ligament

Question 48

Disturbance of the cell differentiation in the metaphyseal growth plates and joint cartilage

Answer 48

OSTEOCHONDROSIS