Limitations Flashcards
1
Q
Maximum Operating Altitude
A
41, 000’
1 This is a design altitude limit and is not attainable under most operating conditions.
2
Q
Maximum Altitude Takeoff and Landing
A
8, 000’
3
Q
Minimum Altitude Takeoff and Landing
A
- 1, 000’
4
Q
Maximum Allowable Load Factor with Flaps UP
A
2.5g to -1.0g
The corresponding accelerations limit the bank angle during turns and limit the pull-up maneuvers.
5
Q
Maximum Allowable Load Factors with Flaps DOWN
A
+2g to 0g
6
Q
Maximum Runway Slope
A
+/- 2%
7
Q
Approved Runway Surface
A
Paved
8
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum tailwind for Takeoff and landing?
A
10 knots
9
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum crosswind for Takeoff and Landing on a DRY RUNWAY?
A
28 knots sustained, with gusts to 38
- Embraer’s maximum demonstrated cross-wind component is 28 knots. This maximum demons targeted value is not considered to be limiting.
10
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum crosswind for Takeoff and Landing on a WET RUNWAY?
A
28 knots
11
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum crosswind for Takeoff and Landing with COMPACTED SNOW?
A
20 knots
12
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum crosswind for Takeoff and Landing with STANDING WATER/SLUSH/WET SNOW/ DRY SNOW?
A
18 knots
13
Q
Wind Limits for Takeoff and CAT I
What is the maximum crosswind for Takeoff and Landing on RUNWAY WITH ICE (including WET ice)?
A
12 knots
14
Q
What is the maximum crosswind for a static Takeoff?
A
30 knots
- Due to engine compressor stall possibility, static Takeoff is not recommended with crosswind component greater than 30 knots.
15
Q
Wind Limits Cat II Approach
What is the maximum HEADWIND limit for a CAT II approach?
A
25 knots
16
Q
Wind Limits Cat II Approach
What is the maximum TAILWIND limit for a CAT II approach?
A
10 knots
17
Q
Wind Limits Cat II Approach
What is the maximum CROSSWIND limit for a CAT II approach?
A
12 knots
18
Q
Temperature Limitations
What is the maximum temperature for takeoff and landing?
A
ISA + 35°C
19
Q
Temperature Limitations
What is the MINIMUM temperature for Takeoff?
A
-40°C
A MX inspection is required for a landing below -40°C.
20
Q
Speed Limitations
What is the MAX taxi speed on a STRAIGHT DRY OR WET?
A
30 kt
21
Q
Speed Limitations
What is the MAX taxi speed on a STRAIGHT CONTAMINATED?
A
15 kt
22
Q
Minimum Operating Speed
Except as described in normal/abnormal/emergency procedures the airplane may never be operated below what speed?
A
GREEN DOT
When STALL PROT ICE SPEED is displayed, the min speed is GREEN DOT + 10 KIAS.
The GREEN DOT indicated the drift down speed when the SLAT/FLAP is retracted and an engine is failed.
With engines running, GREEN DOT provides a 1.3g maneuver margin, which is also used as reference speed to extend the SLAT/FLAP.
The flap maneuvering speeds are computed. Asked on airplane weight and SLAT/FLAP setting, thus GREEN DOT speed will not change with bank angle nor under turbulence.
23
Q
What is the maximum speed for DV window open?
A
160 KIAS
24
Q
Maximum Operating Speeds
What is Vmo/Mmo?
A
320 KIAS / .82 Mach
The Vmo/Mmo barber pole may never be exceeded.
Refer to Fig 2 for ‘Max Operating Speeds’ for the max speed corresponding to a range of altitudes.
25
Maximum Turbulent Air Penetration Speed
Less than 10,000' MSL?
250 KIAS
26
Maximum Turbulent Air Penetration Speed
Greater than or equal to 10, 000' MSL?
270 KIAS / .76 Mach (whichever is less)
Not specific Turbulent Air Penetration Speeds are contained in Fig 3 Max Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speeds.
27
Ram Air Turbine (RAT)
What is the MIN RAT Speed?
130 KIAS
When the ram Air turbine is deployed, the minimum speed will ensure adequate airflow for electrical power.
28
Cabin Pressurization Limits
Up to 37, 000'?
7.8 PSI
The nominal differential pressure of 7.8 psi was specified to reduce fatigue and structural stress during flight.
29
Cabin Pressurization Limits
Above 37, 000'?
8.3 psi
If either the SFMS cruise flight level is set higher than 37, 000' or the airplane is actually flying above 37, 000' the nominal differential pressure switches to 8.3 PSI.
Selecting a crusade altitude in the FMS higher than the actual airplane may unnecessarily stress the airplane structure with a higher different pressure.
30
Cabin Pressurization Limits
Maximum differential overpressure?
8.7 psi
The relief valve automatically opens when the pressure hits 8.6 psi.
31
Cabin Pressurization Limits
Maximum differential negative pressure?
-0.5 PSI
32
Cabin Pressurization Limits
Maximum differential pressure for Takeoff and Landing?
0.2 PSI
33
Single Pack Operation
What is the maximum altitude for single pack operation?
FL310
34
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
What is the minimum height to engage on Takeoff?
Acceleration Altitude
The AP may be engaged on takeoff at or above acceleration altitude, after horizontal and vertical flight director modes are selected. This is because the FD takeoff mode reverts to FPA after AP engagement.
35
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
Minimum height to engage on Go-Around?
400' AGL
The AP may be engaged during a Go-Around at or above 400' AGL provider GA mode is active.
36
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
Minimum En Route height?
500' AGL
37
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
Minimum height for Non-Precision?
MDA
38
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
Minimum height for a PRECISION APPROACH?
70' AGL
The AP may remain engaged during a go-around from a coupled ILS approach if the GA is initiated at an altitude at or above 70' AGL.
39
Minimum Autopilot Altitude
Special Instrument Approach?
as specified in the procedure.
Some instrument approach procedures publish a minimum AP altitude for the approach procedure.
40
Battery Volt Limit
Maintenance is required if the battery voltage is less than...
21V
41
Battery Temperature Limit
The minimum battery temperature for an APU start...
-20°C
42
No Break Power Transfer
To avoid power transfer interruptions when connecting or disconnecting an electrical source...
Confirm power transfer on the Electrical Synoptic page or wait 10 seconds.
Examples:
- Confirm power transfer in the Electrical Synoptic Page or wait 10 seconds before stopping the APU after engine start.
- Confirm power transfer in the Electrical Synoptic Page or wait 10 seconds after he GPU switch is pushed in or the APU power is available before shutting down the engines(s).
- After an engine shutdown and below 30% N2, confirm power transfer on the Electrical Synoptic page or wait 10 seconds before starting the APU.
43
Flap Altitude Limit
Maximum altitude for flap extended?
20, 000'
44
Flap Speed Limits
Flaps 1
230
45
Flap Speed Limits
KIAS Flaps 2
215
46
Flap Speed Limits
KIAS Flaps 3
200
47
Flap Speed Limits
KIAS Flaps 4
180
48
Flap Speed Limits
KIAS Flaps 5
180
49
Flap Speed Limits
KIAS Flaps Full
165 KIAS
50
Fuel Capacity
What is the MAX usable fuel?
20, 785 lbs
Fuel density of 6.767lb/US Gal
51
Fuel Imbalance
Maximum fuel imbalance inflight
794 lbs
52
What is the MINIMUM fuel tank temperature?
-40°C
53
Hydraulic Cold Weather Operation
A hydraulic system warm-up must be accomplished before starting the engines if the reservoir temperatures are below what temperature?
-18°C
Refer to the QRG for the hydraulic warm-up procedure.
54
Freezing Rain and Freezing Drizzle
If abnormal ice formation is observed in areas of the airplane that do not usually accrete ice and the flight is operating in an SLD condition.
Exit the SLD condition as soon as possible.
Flight in freezing rain and freezing drizzle (supercooled large droplets / SLD) has the potential to exceed conditions in which the airplane was certified.
55
Icing Conditions - On the Ground
The MCDU TO DATASET MENU must be set to ENG when?
Caution:
On the ground, do not rely on visual icing evidence of ice detector actuation to turn on the anti-icing system. Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria as specified above. Delaying the use of the anti-icing system until I've build-up is visible from the cockpit may result in ICE ingestion and possible engine damage of flame-out.
when SAT is 5°C to 10°C and..
1. If there is any possibility of encountering visible moisture up to 1700' AFE
OR
2. Operating on ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines nacelles, or engine sensors probes.
- If engine anti ice is needed for ground operations but not for takeoff, the ICE PROTECTION MODE switch on the overhead panel will be used to select ice protection instead of the dataset menu.
56
Icing Conditions - On the Ground
The MCDU TO DATASET MENU must be set to ALL when?
Caution:
On the ground, do not rely on visual icing evidence of ice detector actuation to turn on the anti-icing system. Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria as specified above. Delaying the use of the anti-icing system until I've build-up is visible from the cockpit may result in ICE ingestion and possible engine damage of flame-out.
When SAT is less than 5°C and..
1. If there is any possibility of encountering visible moisture up to 1,700' AFE
OR
2. Operating on ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the engines, or freeze on engines nacelles, or engine sensors probes.
- If engine anti ice is needed for ground operations but not for takeoff, the ICE PROTECTION MODE switch on the overhead panel will be used to select ice protection instead of the dataset menu.
57
Icing Conditions - Inflighti
When does icing conditions exist in flight?
The engine and wing anti-ice systems operate automatically, in case of ice encounter when the ice protection mode selector is in AUTO position.
Whenever the SAT/ Static Air Temperature on the ground or for takeoff, or TAT/Total Air Temperature in flight is 10°C or below and visible moisture in any form is present (such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet, and ice crystals).
If either one or both ice detectors are failed, the crew must set the mode selector to ON when icing conditions exist or are anticipated below 10°C TAT with visible moisture.
58
Tire Speed Limit
What is the maximum ground speed?
195 Knots
59
Turn Radius - Pavement Width
What is the MIN runway/taxiway width for a 180° turn for:
1. E170?
2. E175?
1. 54' 8"
| 2. 59' 2"
60
Avionics
TAS, TAT, and SAT information are only valid when?
Above 60 KIAS
61
Avionics
When is the STBY magnetic compass indication not valid?
When transmitting in VHF1.
62
IESS Limitations
Back course approaches using the IESS are prohibited.
63
VOR Flight Director Mode
What is the limitation on this?
VOR flight director mode is prohibited.
-VOR FD mode is inhibited. VIR navigation using the FD must be predicated on HDG mode and VHF (green) needles or LNAV mode (magenta).
64
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Limits
Start Environment
What is the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM air temperature?
Minimum is -54°C
Maximum [1] APU temperature matches the Airplane Operational Envelope Temperature Limitations in AOM I, 2-2.7.3.
65
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Limits
Start Environment
What is the maximum altitude?
30, 000 ft
66
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Limits
Operation
Maximum altitude for APU GEN?
33, 000 ft
67
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Limits
Operation
Maximum altitude for Bleed Air?
15, 000 ft
68
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Limits
Operation
Maximum altitude for APU-Assisted Engine Start?
21, 000 ft
69
APU Note:
In flight
&
On ground
In flight, there is no automatic shutdown if EGT exceeds the limits.
On ground (or in flight), there is no time limitation for operating the APU in the amber range between 662°C and 717°C.
70
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Start Limits
Battery Volt Limit
What is the MINIMUM battery voltage to start the APU?
21v
71
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Start Limits
APU Starter Duty Cycle Limits
What is the Maximum Time and Cool-Down Time for Start Number for 1 & 2? Start number for 3?
1 & 2
Max Time is 60 seconds (ON)
Cool-Down Time is 60 seconds (OFF)
3
60 seconds ON
5 minutes OFF
72
APU Note:
APU Starts during Fueling
The APU may not be started during refueling/defueling.
Do not start the APU during refueling/defueling if an automatic shutdown of a failed APU start occurred.
If fuel spill occurs, stop the APU and do not restart again.
73
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) Start Up During Engine Operation
Before starting the APU after an engine shutdown, wait for engine to go below what N2 %?
30% N2 [1]
[1]
This procedure is necessary to ensure that battery 2 is available to the airplanes electrical network as a back-up and not isolated for the APU start.
74
POWER PLANT (not a memory item)
What type of engine does the ERJ 175 has?
Two GE (General Electric) CF34-8E5 engines.
75
POWER PLANT
Engine Temperature Limits
What is the maximum start temperature?
815°C
76
POWER PLANT
Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS)
For Takeoff, the ATTCS must be?
ON
77
POWER PLANT
Warm-Up and Cool Down
How long is the Warm-Up and Cool Down period?
2 minutes
78
POWER PLANT
Starter Duty Cycle Limits
What is the Maximum Time on ground and in flight and the Cool-Down Time for Start Number 1 & 2?
For Start Number 3 thru 5?
```
1 & 2,
Maximum Time:
90 seconds ON on ground [1]and 120 seconds in flight [2]
Cool-Down Time:
10 seconds OFF
```
3 thru 5 [2]:
90 seconds ON on ground [1] and 120 seconds ON in flight [3] / 5 minutes OFF
[1] For GND starts, the max cumulative started run time per Start attempt is 90 seconds (motoring plus start time).
[2] After five sequential Start attempts, a. Cycle may be repeated following a 15 minute cools down period.
[3] For in flight, the max cumulative started run time per start is 120 seconds (motoring plus start time).
79
POWER PLANT
Engine Thrust
POWER back Operations is?
PROHIBITED
80
POWER PLANT
Reverse Thrust
Thrust Reverser Limitations
The engines must be idle by and out of reverse by?
The engine must be idle by 60KIAS and must be out of reverse by 30KIAS.
*For ops on contaminated runway, reverse Thrust may be used below the Speeds indicated above at the discretion of the crew to stop the airplane safely.
81
POWER PLANT
Assumed Temperature (FLEX) Thrust Takeoff
Use of FLEX Takeoff is not allowed on what type of runways?
Contaminated runways
(Such as runways with standing water, slush, snow, or ice, and are not allowed on wet runways unless suitable performance accountability is made for the increased stopping distant on the wet surface.)
82
POWER PLANT
Assumed Temperature (FLEX) Thrust LIMITATIONS
An assumed temperate (FLEX) Takeoff is not allowed if any of the following conditions exist: (5)
1. The runway is contaminated. (Wet, slippery)
2. Anti-skid is inoperative.
3. Takeoff performance section of the takeoff report does not include FLEX takeoff data.
4. Compass airport information pages (CCI) prohibit an assumed temperature takeoff.
5. The PIC determines the conditions for an assumed temperature Takeoff are unsafe.
*Selecting TO-2 is a derated (not FLEX) Thrust and is considered a normal Thrust setting when provided on the takeoff report. Therefore, TO-2 is not subject to FLEX Thrust Limitations.
