limitations of this research

Question 1

genetics

Answer 1

Genetic-environmental interactions
*Variation in DNA between parents is associated with
differences in parenting.
*Suggestsnot just environmental mechanisms, but a genetic
influence too.
*Adopted children, who had a biological mother with a history
of mild antisocial behaviour were more likely to evoke
negative, coercive parenting from their adoptive parents when
compared with adoptees whose biological mothers were not
antisocial (O’Connor et al., 1998).

Question 2

bi directionality

Answer 2

2. Relationships are bi-directional
   *Manyways in which children’s characteristics shape the
   parenting they receive; gender, age, temperament,
   presence of physical, or intellectual or behavioural
   disability.
   *Anderson et al. (1986). Parents of non-antisocial children
   exhibited increased negativity towards an antisocial child
   > child’s behaviour that was driving the interaction and not
   the parent.

Question 3

ER

Answer 3

Book/England- not enough longitudunal studies

few studies control for levels of depression! less is known about severe compared to mild depressive symptoms! could those taking part in studies be more severely depressed inflating the results?/ clinical vs non clinical?

self report too

publication bias- especially in this field, are non significant relationships not published, file draw effect!?

Question 4

confounding’s

Answer 4

3. Confounds in wider social context
   *Huge covariation of risk factors in a child’s environment,
   such as marital discord, lack of money, education.
   *Will affect different people in different ways.
   *Belsky (1997) children who are more irritable may be
   more susceptible to parenting influence; for other children,
   parents may be comparatively un able to exert a
   particularly strong impact on their child’s development.