Limits Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Maneuvering Speed (VA)
A
182
2
Q
Max Flap Extension/Extended (VFE)
A
Approach - 202
Full - 158
3
Q
Max Landing Gear Operating Speed (VLO)
A
Extension - 182
Retraction - 164
4
Q
Air Min Control Speed (VMCA)
A
Flaps Up - 101
Flaps Down - 98
These are the lowest airspeeds at at which the airplane is directionally controllable when one engine suddenly becomes inoperative, with autofeather armed, and the other engine at take-off power.
5
Q
Max Operating Speed (VMO) - VMO Marker
A
To 24,000 - 245
Above 24,000 - 0.58M
6
Q
Two Engine Best Rate of Climb (VY)
A
135
7
Q
Turbulent Air Penetration
A
170
8
Q
Max Airspeed for Effective Windshield Anti-icing
A
226
9
Q
Min Airspeed for Sustained Flight in Icing
A
140
10
Q
Intentional One-Engine Inop Speed (VSSE)
A
135
11
Q
One-Engine Inop Best Angle of Climb (VXSE)
A
135
12
Q
One-Engine Inop Best Rate of Climb (VYSE)
A
135
13
Q
Emergency Descent Speed
A
182
14
Q
Max Range Glide
A
135
15
Q
Max Ramp Weight
A
16,600
16
Q
Max T/O Weight
A
16,500
17
Q
Max Landing Weight
A
15,675
18
Q
Usable Fuel
A
5,192
19
Q
Main Fuel
Aux Fuel
ER Fuel
A
Main - 2,546
Aux - 1,066
ER - 1,580
20
Q
Planned Recovery Fuel
A
600
21
Q
Max Fuel Imbalance
A
300
22
Q
Min T/O Fuel (per side)
A
265
23
Q
Load Factor (Gs) Flaps Up
A
-1.21 to +3.01
24
Q
Load Factor (Gs) Flaps Down
A
0 to +2.0
25
Red Line
Air Minimum Control Speed (VMCA) - 101
26
Solid Red Bar (at bottom of airspeed scale)
The Impending Stall Speed (ISS) Low Speed Cue (LSC) marker. The top of the marker changes with flap position to reflect the following stall speeds.
82 - Stalling speed (VSO) at maximum weight with flaps down and idle power
91 - Stalling speed (VS1) at maximum weight with flaps approach and idle power
99 - Stalling speed (VS1) at maximum weight with flaps up and idle power
27
< DN (white)
DN - 158 max speed with flaps beyond approach
APP - 202 max speed permissible with flaps in approach position
28
Power Levers
Do not lift power levers in flight, Lifting the power levers in flight, or moving the power levers in flight below the flight idle position, could result in a nose-down pitch and descent rate leading to aircraft damage and injury to personnel.
29
Oil Temperature in °C
-40 = Min
-40 to 110 = Idle
0-110 = Normal (TO, Max Cont, Cruise Climb, Max Cruise, Transient)
0-99 = Max Reverse
* A minimum oil temperature of 55°C is recommended for fuel heater operation at take-off power
* Oil temperature limits are -40°C and +110°C. However, temperatures between 99°C and 110° are limited to a maximum of 10 minutes.
30
Torque Limits
0-100% = Continuous
156% = 20s
* Cruise torque values vary with altitude and temperature
* To account for power setting accuracy and steady state fluctuations, inadvertent torque excursions up to 102% are time limited to 7 minutes.
Torque limit applies within range of 1,000 to 1,700 propeller rpm (N2). Below 1,000 propeller rpm, torque is limited to 62%.
31
Prop RPM N2
1. Idle - 1,050
2. Normal - 1,700
3. Transient - 1,870 for 20s
4. Max Reverse - 1,650
*To account for power setting accuracy and steady state fluctuations, inadvertent propeller excursions up to 1,735 rpm are time limited to 7 minutes.
32
Oil Pressure PSI
1. Starting = 0-200
2. Idle = 60 min
3. Normal = 90 - 135
4. Transient = 200
*Normal oil pressure is 90-135 psi at N1 above 72%. Torque below 62% min oil pressure is 60 psi at normal oil temp (60-70°C).
33
Gas Generator RPM % N1
Idle = 62% Min
Normal = 104%
34
Maximum ITT °C
1. Starting = 1000 5s
2. Idle = 750 *high ITT at ground idle may be corrected by reducing accessory load and/or increasing N1 rpm.
3. Cruise Climb = 785
4. Normal = 820
5. Transient = 850 20s
6. Max Reverse = 760
35
External Power Limits
External cart should be set to 28 to 28.4 volts and capable of generating a minimum of 1,000 amps momentarily and 300 amps continuously.
36
Generator Limits
In Flight
1. SL to 34k = 100%
2. Above 34k = 95%
Ground Operation
N1 62-70% = 75% Max Generator Load
N1 70-100% = 100% Max Generator Load
37
Starter Limits
30s on 5m off
30s on 5m off
30s on 30m off
38
Approved Engine Fuels
Aviation kerosene commercial grades are Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, Military grades are F-24, JP-4, JP-5, and JP-8 they may be mixed in any ratio.
Warning - do not allowed the fuel cells to dry out and crack. At a later servicing, the cracks would allow fuel to diffuse through the walls of the fuel cell. If any fuel cell is to remain empty for an extended interval, ensure that the fuel cells last contained jet fuel; if the fuel cells last contained aviation gasoline, coat them with oil.
39
Emergency Engine Fuels
```
Aviation Gasoline Grades
80 Red (80-87), 91/96, 100LL Blue (some countries colored green and designated 100L), 100 Green (100/130), and 115/45 Purple are emergency fuels and my be mixed with the recommended fuels in any ratio; however, use of the lowest octane rating available is recommended.
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40
Limitations on the use of aviation gasoline
1. Operation is limited to 150 hours between engine overhauls.
2. Operation is prohibited if either standby fuel pump is inoperative.
3. Crossfeed capability is required for flight above 20,000' pressure altitude (FL200)
41
Anti-Icing Additive
Anti-icing additive conforming to MIL-I-27686 or MIL-I-85470 may be used
Caution - Prior to refueling, check with the fuel supplier to determine whether or not anti-icing additive has already been added to the fuel. If anti-icing additive is used, it shall be properly blended wit the fuel to avoid deterioration of the fuel cell sealant. The additive concentration shall be a minimum of 0.10% and a maximum of 0.15% by volume. To assure proper concentration by volume of fuel on board, blend only enough additive for the unblended fuel.
42
Total Usable Fuel (gallons x 6.7lbs)
1. Total - 775 Gallons / 5,192 pounds
2. Each Main - 190 gallons / 1,273 pounds
3. Each Aux - 79.5 gallons / 533 pounds
4. Each ER - 118 gallons / 790 pounds
43
Maximum Fuel Imbalance
300 pounds
44
Fuel Crossfeed
Crossfeeding of fuel is permitted only when one engine is inoperative.
Warning - One operative standby fuel pump is required for takeoff when using approved engine fuels, but in such a case crossfeed of fuel will not be available from the side of the inoperative standby fuel pump. Two operative standby fuel pumps are required for takeoff when operating on emergency engine fuels.
45
Extended Fuel Tank filling
Do not put any fuel into the ER tanks unless both the auxiliary and main tanks are full.
46
Operating with Low Fuel Pressure
Operation of either engine with its corresponding fuel pressure annunciator is limited to 10 hours before overhaul or replacement of the engine-drive fuel pump. Windmilling time need not be charged against this limit.
47
Total Oil Capacity
1. 14 quarts per engine
| 2. Drain and Refill Quantity ~11 quarts per engine
48
Oil Quantity operating range
Max to 4 Quarts low on dipstick. 5 Quarts marked on dipstick.
49
Propeller Rotational Overspeed Limits
Sustained overspeeds faster than 1,700 rpm indicate failure of the primary governor. Flight may be continued at propeller overspeeds up to 1,768 rpm, provided torque is limited to 96%. Sustained propeller overspeeds faster than 1,768 rpm indicate failure of both the primary governor and the secondary governor and such overspeeds are not approved.
50
Propeller Autofeather
The propeller autofeather system shall be operable for all flights and shall be armed for takeoff, climb, approach, and landing.
51
Cabin Differential Pressure Gage
0 - 6.6 = Green Arc
| >6.6 = red arc
52
Fuel Quantity Indicator Yellow Arc
0 - 265 lbs a side (no takeoff range)
53
Pneumatic Pressure Gage
12 - 20 = Green Arc
| 20 = Red line (maximum operating range)
54
Propeller Deice Ammeter
26 - 32 amps = green arc
55
Max Ramp Weight
16,600 lbs
56
Max takeoff weight and max landing weight
Take-off = 16,500 lbs
1. Maximum take-off weight to achieve take-off climb characteristics
2. Maximum take-off weight as limited by tire speed
3. Take-off field length
Landing = 15,675 lbs
57
Max Zero Fuel Weight
13,000 lbs
58
Max Baggage Compartment Weight
550 lbs
59
Minimum Flight Crew
Two (2), pilot and copilot
60
Maximum Occupancy Limits
Passengers - Nine (9),
*Refer to chapter 23, eight and balance, for approved seating configurations
61
Max Operating Altitude Normal Operations
35,000 feet
62
Max Operating Altitude Yaw Damper
Inoperative - 5,000'
| Operative - On above 5,000', except for takeoff and landing
63
Max altitude with aviation gasoline
Both standby fuel pumps operative - 35,000'
Either standby fuel pump inoperative - flight prohibited
64
Max outside air temperature limits
SL to 25k = ISA + 37 °C
Above 25k = ISA + 31 °C
65
Max Cabin Pressure Differential
6.6 psi
66
Rudder Boost Limits
Shall be operational for all flights
67
RVSM Altitude and equipment requirements
Reduced vertical separation minimums 29-40k
1. Pilot and Copilot ADC and Altitude display
2. Altitude Preselector/Alerter
3. Automatic Altitude Control System
4. Transponder
68
Supplemental electric heater limits
1. Must be off for two minutes prior to and during engine start
2. Do not operate electric heat with the pedestal floor outlet blocked or the cockpit door closed
69
Brake Deice Limits
Brake Deice system is not to be operated above 15°C
70
Anti-ice temperature requirements
1. Engine Anti-ice shall be ON for operation in ambient temperatures of +5°C or below when flight free of visible moisture cannot be assured.
2. Engine Anti-ice shall be OFF for take-off operations in ambient temperatures of above +10°C
71
Minimum Ambient Temperature for operation of deicing boots
-40°C
72
Autopilot Minimums
1. 400' AGL min engage height for takeoff
2. 1,000 AGL min height for cruise
3. 79' min height for approach
4. 160' min height for steep approach
73
Max Coupled intercept angles
Nav and Localizer - Less than 90°
Back Course - 70°
