Linear Momentum

Question 1

What is the definition of linear momentum?

Answer 1

Linear momentum is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity.

Question 2

What is the formula for calculating linear momentum?

Answer 2

The formula for linear momentum (p) is p = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.

Question 3

True or False: Linear momentum is a scalar quantity.

Answer 3

False. Linear momentum is a vector quantity.

Question 4

According to Newton’s First Law, what happens to an object in motion if no external forces act on it?

Answer 4

The object will continue to move at a constant velocity.

Question 5

What does Newton’s Second Law state?

Answer 5

Newton’s Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The total momentum of a closed system is _______.

Answer 6

conserved.

Question 7

What is an elastic collision?

Answer 7

An elastic collision is one in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Question 8

What is an inelastic collision?

Answer 8

An inelastic collision is one in which momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not.

Question 9

True or False: In a perfectly inelastic collision, the two objects stick together after colliding.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

Answer 10

The principle states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

Question 11

How do you measure heat capacity?

Answer 11

Heat capacity is measured by the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius.

Question 12

What is the unit of heat capacity?

Answer 12

The unit of heat capacity is Joules per degree Celsius (J/°C).

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The heat capacity of a substance depends on its _______.

Answer 13

mass and specific heat.

Question 14

True or False: Specific heat is the heat capacity per unit mass.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

What is the formula for specific heat?

Answer 15

The formula for specific heat (c) is c = Q / (mΔT), where Q is heat added, m is mass, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Question 16

What is the relationship between heat capacity and temperature change?

Answer 16

Heat capacity indicates how much the temperature of a substance will change when heat is added or removed.

Question 17

What are the two types of collisions in physics?

Answer 17

Elastic and inelastic collisions.

Question 18

True or False: Momentum can be transferred between objects during a collision.

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

What is impulse?

Answer 19

Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over time.

Question 20

What is the impulse-momentum theorem?

Answer 20

The impulse-momentum theorem states that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in its momentum.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: In a closed system, the total _______ before and after a collision remains the same.

Answer 21

momentum.

Question 22

What happens to kinetic energy in an inelastic collision?

Answer 22

Kinetic energy is not conserved; some energy is transformed into other forms.

Question 23

What is the momentum of an object at rest?

Answer 23

The momentum of an object at rest is zero.

Question 24

How does mass affect momentum?

Answer 24

As mass increases, momentum increases if velocity remains constant.

Question 25

What is the relationship between force and momentum according to Newton's Second Law?

Answer 25

Force is the rate of change of momentum.

Question 26

What is the significance of the coefficient of restitution in collisions?

Answer 26

The coefficient of restitution measures the elasticity of a collision between two objects.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The conservation of momentum applies to both _______ and _______ collisions.

Answer 27

elastic; inelastic.

Question 28

What are the units of momentum?

Answer 28

The units of momentum are kilogram meters per second (kg·m/s).

Question 29

True or False: An object's momentum can be negative.

Answer 29

True, momentum can be negative depending on the direction of velocity.

Question 30

What does a larger impulse indicate?

Answer 30

A larger impulse indicates a greater change in momentum.

Question 31

What is the relationship between temperature and heat capacity?

Answer 31

Heat capacity is the measure of how much temperature changes with added heat.

Question 32

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 32

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The heat capacity of a substance can vary with _______.

Answer 33

temperature.

Question 34

What is a system in thermodynamics?

Answer 34

A system is a defined portion of matter being studied, separated from its surroundings.

Question 35

True or False: The momentum of two colliding objects can be calculated using their masses and velocities.

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

What role does heat capacity play in temperature regulation?

Answer 36

Heat capacity affects how quickly a substance can change temperature when heat is added or removed.

Question 37

What is a perfectly elastic collision?

Answer 37

A perfectly elastic collision is one where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

Question 38

What is the significance of the conservation of energy in collisions?

Answer 38

It determines whether a collision is elastic or inelastic based on kinetic energy conservation.

Question 39

What does it mean for a system to be closed?

Answer 39

A closed system does not exchange matter with its surroundings but can exchange energy.

Question 40

What is the effect of temperature on the heat capacity of gases compared to solids?

Answer 40

Gases generally have higher heat capacities than solids, and their heat capacity can change more significantly with temperature.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum _______ the collision.

Answer 41

after.

Question 42

What is the common unit for measuring heat in the SI system?

Answer 42

The Joule (J).

Question 43

True or False: In a collision, the total kinetic energy is always conserved.

Answer 43

False.

Question 44

What is the effect of a larger mass on the momentum of an object moving at the same velocity?

Answer 44

The momentum will be greater with a larger mass.