linear momentum and collisions Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is linear momentum?
Linear momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
What is the formula for linear momentum?
The formula for linear momentum (p) is p = mv, where m is mass and v is velocity.
True or False: Momentum is a scalar quantity.
False: Momentum is a vector quantity.
What is the principle of conservation of momentum?
The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
In a collision, what happens to momentum?
In a collision, the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision.
Fill in the blank: The unit of momentum is _____
kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s)
What type of collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy?
An elastic collision.
What type of collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy?
An inelastic collision.
True or False: In an elastic collision, objects stick together after the collision.
False: In an elastic collision, objects do not stick together.
What is an example of a perfectly inelastic collision?
A perfectly inelastic collision occurs when two objects collide and move together as one mass after the collision.
Define impulse.
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a period of time.
What is the formula for impulse?
Impulse (J) is given by J = FΔt, where F is the force applied and Δt is the time duration.
True or False: Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
True.
What happens to momentum in a closed system during a collision?
The total momentum remains constant.
Short Answer: What factors affect the momentum of an object?
Mass and velocity.
Fill in the blank: The momentum of an object at rest is _____
zero.
What is the relationship between force, momentum, and time?
Force is the rate of change of momentum over time.
True or False: Increasing the time of contact during a collision reduces the force experienced.
True.
What is the effect of a larger mass on momentum if velocity is constant?
A larger mass will result in greater momentum.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following quantities is conserved in all collisions? A) Kinetic Energy B) Momentum C) Both A and B
B) Momentum.
What is the total momentum before a collision if two objects with masses 2 kg and 3 kg move towards each other at velocities 4 m/s and 3 m/s respectively?
The total momentum is 2 kg * 4 m/s + 3 kg * (-3 m/s) = 8 kg·m/s - 9 kg·m/s = -1 kg·m/s.
Fill in the blank: The conservation of momentum applies only to _____ systems.
closed.
Short Answer: What is the significance of the coefficient of restitution in collisions?
It measures the elasticity of a collision.
What does a coefficient of restitution of 1 indicate?
A perfectly elastic collision.
